-so 


REESE    LIBRARY 

OF  THK 

UNIVERSITY  OF  CALIFORNIA. 

Received 
Accessions  No.. -Ste-J-^/.y    Shelf  No. __ 


-SO 


ORCHIDS. 


A    DESCRIPTION    OF 


THE   SPECIES    AND   VARIETIES   GROWN   AT 
GLEN  RIDGE,  NEAR  BOSTON, 


WITH    LISTS   AND    DESCRIPTIONS   OF 


OTHER    DESIRABLE   KINDS. 


PREFACED   BY    CHAPTERS   ON  THE  CULTURE,   PROPAGATION 

COLLECTION,  AND    HYBRIDIZATION   OF  ORCHIDS;  THE 

CONSTRUCTION  AND    MANAGEMENT   OF    ORCHID 

HOUSES;  A  GLOSSARY  OF  BOTANICAL  TERMS 

AND  SIGNIFICANCE    OF    THEIR  NAMES; 

THE   WHOLE   FORMING  A 

COMPLETE  MANUAL  OF  ORCHID  CULTURE. 


BY 

EDWARD    SPRAGUE   RAND,   JR. 

MJTHOR    OF   "  FLOWFRS     FOR    THE     PARLOR    AND     GARDEN,"    "  GARDEN    FLOWERS," 
"  BULBS,"    '     RHODODENDRONS,"    "  THE  WINDOW   GARDENER,"    ETC. 

UNIVERSITY 


BOSTON   AND    NEW  YORK: 
HOUGHTON,  MIFFLIN  AND   COMPANY. 
SUbrrffre  )9rr*£v 

1888. 


COPYRIGHT,  J8/6. 
Bv  EDWARD  SPRAGUE  RAND,  JR. 


RIVERSIDE,  CAMBRIDGE: 

STEREOTYPED    AND     PRINTHD 
H.  O.   HOUGHTON  AND   COMPANY. 


SDcfcicatiom 


To 
THE  HORTICULTURAL  CLUB. 

H.  HOLLIS  HUNNEWELL. 
HENRY  WINTHROP  SARGENT. 
FRANCIS  PARKMAN. 
WILLIAM  GRAY,  JR. 
CHARLES  G.  LORING. 
CHARLES  S.  SARGENT. 
FRANCIS  L.  LEE. 

IN  MEMORY  OF  MANY  PLEASANT  MEETINGS. 


CONTENTS. 


PAGB 

INTRODUCTION .       vii. 

LIST  OF  ILLUSTRATED  BOTANICAL  WORKS  REFERRED  TO        xviii. 


CHAPTER 

I.  NATURE  AND  HABITS  OF  ORCHIDS    ....  23 

II.  BEGINNING  AND  PROGRESS  OF  ORCHID  CULTURE  31 

III.  CLASSIFICATION 36 

IV.  COLLECTION  AND  TRANSPORTATION       ...  42 
V.  TREATMENT  OF  NEWLY  IMPORTED  ORCHIDS     .        .  47 

VI.   THE  ORCHID  HOUSE 51 

VII.   SEASONS  OF  REST  AND  GROWTH       ....  62 

VIII.   SHADING  AND  WATERING       .....  66 

IX.  POTTING 72 

X.  CULTURE  OF  TERRESTRIAL  ORCHIDS     ...  77 

XL  CULTURE  OF  EPIPHYTAL  ORCHIDS    ....  83 

XII.  DISEASES  AND  INSECTS 89 

XIII.  PROPAGATION  AND  IMPREGNATION    ....  94 

XIV.  FLOWERING 98 

XV.  COOL  TREATMENT  OF  ORCHIDS         ....  102 

XVI.  ORCHIDS  FOR  PARLOR  CULTURE    .        .        .        .  no 

XVII.  HYBRIDIZATION  OF  ORCHIDS 115 

XVIII.   ORCHIDS  FOR   HOUSE  DECORATION  AND   FOR  THE 

MARKET .123 

XIX.   HISTORY   OF   ORCHID  CULTURE   IN  THE   UNITED 

STATES 130 

XX.  DESCRIPTIVE  LIST 141 


ALPHABETICAL  TABLE  OF  THE  GENERA,  WITH  THE  TRIBE 

TO  WHICH  THEY  BELONG 414 


VI 


CONTENTS. 


PAGE 

LIST  OF  PRINCIPAL  ORCHIDS  GROWN  AT  GLEN  RIDGE  .        .  419 

LIST  OF  THIRTY  CHEAP  ORCHIDS  FOR  GENERAL  CULTIVA- 
TION    423 

LIST  OF  TROPICAL  ORCHIDS  WITH  CURIOUS  FLOWERS,  OR  RE- 
SEMBLING INSECTS,  ETC 423 

LIST  OF  THE  CHOICEST  ORCHIDS,  COMBINING  BEAUTY  OF 

FLOWER,  ELEGANCE  OF  GROWTH,  AND  FRAGRANCE  .  424 

SIGNIFICATION  OF  THE  NAMES  APPLIED  TO  ORCHIDS     .        .  428 


GLOSSARY 


433 


GAUEANDRA   DEVONIANA. 


INTRODUCTION. 


THE  present  volume  has  been  in  preparation  many 
years.  As  long  ago  as  1868,  some  of  its  chapters, 
in  somewhat  different  form,  however,  appeared  in  the 
•pages  of  the  "American  Journal  of  Horticulture." 
Since  then,  the  times  have  not  been  propitious  for 
the  issue  of  a  volume  on  a  specialty,  but  at  the 
present  time,  the  increasing  interest  in  Orchid  cul- 
ture seems  to  warrant  the  publication. 

The  want  has  long  been  felt  of  a  trustworthy 
manual  of  culture  adapted  to  the  United  States. 
English  publications  on  this  subject  are  not  to  be 
relied  on,  as  the  climate  is  so  different  from  our  own 
that  the  rules  they  give  are  not  applicable  to  us ;  they 
make  no  provision  for  the  brightness  of  our  sun,  the 
heat  of  our  summer,  the  dry  ness  of  our  atmosphere, 
and  the  cold  of  our  winter. 

To  supply  this  want,  is  the  object  of  this  volume. 
It  has  been  the  intention  to  give  every  department  of 
culture  due  consideration,  and  while  every  informa- 
tion necessary  to  the  beginner  is  given,  the  writer 
trusts  the  volume  may  not  be  without  value  to  the 
experienced  culturist.  Although  the  work  is  mostly 


Vlll  INTRODUCTION. 

a  record  of  personal  experience,  many  hundred  spe- 
cies are  described  which  we  have  never  grown  at 
Glen  Ridge.  The  object  has  been  to  render  the 
book  one  of  ready  reference,  both  for  cultural  direc- 
tions and  for  descriptions  of  species.  To  accomplish 
this,  it  has  been  necessary  to  draw  largely  from  all 
sources  of  information,  such  as  the  volumes  of  Eng- 
lish and  French  writers  and  numerous  articles  in 
foreign  horticultural  journals.  Chief  among  these, 
have  been  the  "  Orchid  Grower's  Manual,"  by  Benja- 
min S.  Williams,  and  "  Culture  des  Orchidees,  par 
Ch.  Morel." 

The  greater  portion  of  the  cultural  directions,  and 
most  of  the  descriptions,  are  original,  drawn  from  the 
experience  of  the  writer,  now  extending  over  many 
years.  As  it  is  often  very  desirable  for  a  beginner 
to  see  what  the  flower  of  his  plant  looks  like,  a  list  of 
illustrated  books,  in  which  Orchids  are  figured,  is 
given,  and  reference  is  made  to  the  figures  of  each 
species  under  the  respective  descriptions. 

The  list  of  species  and  varieties  will  be  found  very 
full ;  it  is  often  most  desirable  to  know  what  not  to 
grow,  and  no  plant  is  recommended  for  general  cul- 
ture unless  it  possesses  beauty  of  flower,  fragrance, 
or  marked  singularity  of  form.  A  good  Orchid  re- 
quires no  more  room  and  calls  for  no  more  care  than 
a  poor  one,  but  as  long  as  cultivators  fill  their  houses 
with  the  mass  of  trash  kindly  sent  to  them  by  friends 
in  the  tropics,  we  shall  find  those  who  are  disgusted 
with  Orchid  culture.  We  call  to  mind  a  certain  large 


INTRODUCTION.  ix 

house,  not  a  hundred  miles  from  New  York,  filled 
with  Orchids  sent  to  the  owner  by  friends  in  South 
America ;  ten  dollars  would  have  been  a  high  price 
for  the  whole  collection  of  thousands  of  plants.  A 
friend  once  sent  us  from  Mexico  an  immense  case  of 
"  Orchids,"  which  on  being  unpacked  was  full  of  a 
species  of  gray  Tillandsia  much  resembling  withered 
pineapple  crowns,  of  which  the  flower  was  a  small 
spike  of  inconspicuous  red  blossoms.  The  steamer 
freight  on  this  precious  consignment  would  have 
bought  half  a  dozen  fine  specimen  Cattleyas.  We 
must  remember  that  Orchids  are  the  weeds  of  the 
tropics,  and  that  by  sending  to  a  friend  for  Orchids 
we  run  about  as  much  chance  of  getting  something 
desirable  as  a  foreigner  would,  who  should  send^  to  a 
New  England  farmer,  and  request  a  consignment  of 
the  wild  plants  of  New  England. 

Let  it  also  be  borne  in  mind  there  is  no  economy 
in  buying  small  plants  at  low  prices.  Orchids  grow 
slowly,  and  when  weak  do  not  bloom. 

If  a  dealer  wishes  to  disgust  a  beginner  with  Or- 
chid culture,  let  him  send  him  a  dozen  plants  for 
twenty-five  dollars.  Put  the  same  money  into  two  or 
three  good  plants,  and  the  result  will  be  a  virulent 
attack  of  Orchid  fever  ;  in  the  former  case  the  pa- 
tient is  inoculated  forever. 

There  is  a  vast  field  for  Orchid  culture  in  this 
country.  Orchids  are  the  elite  of  the  floral  kingdom  ; 
they  combine  more  of  beauty,  fragrance,  and  singu- 
larity of  structure,  than  any  other  family  of  plants, 


X  INTRODUCTION. 

and  certain  rules  being  observed,  are  generally  as 
easily  grown  as  roses,  pinks,  and  violets. 

The  recommendations  of  Orchids  are  so  fully  set 
forth  in  the  preface  to  a  little  volume  on  the  sub- 
ject, issued  by  James  Brook  &  Co.  of  Manchester, 
that  we  cannot  refrain  from  a  quotation.  "  The  flow- 
ers of  Orchids  are,  without  exception,  the  most  cu- 
rious and  beautiful  in  nature.  Their  qualities  taken 
separately,  would  give  eminence  to  a  race  of  plants  ; 
the  singularity  of  their  shapes,  their  delicate  and  aro- 
matic odors,  and  the  richness  and  variety  of  their  col- 
ors, all  being  different  from  everything  we  meet  with 
elsewhere.  In  Orchid  flowers  these  charming  qual- 
ities form  a  trio  of  recommendations  ;  and  when,  sat- 
isfied with  contemplating  their  hues  and  sweetness, 
we  turn  to  the  plants  themselves,  we  find  among 
them  some  of  the  most  remarkable  in  the  world  as 
regards  structure,  habitations,  and  the  general  phe- 
nomena of  life  and  renewal. 

"  Over  and  above  their  intrinsic  loveliness  Orchid 
flowers  possess  rare  and  engaging  qualities,  which  at 
the  moment  we  may  not  recognize,  but  which  win 
upon  us  daily.  There  is  always  a  sound  and  hearty 
reality  about  them.  An  Orchid  flower  means  what 
it  says.  It  does  not  fall  to  pieces  like  a  lily  ;  there 
is  no  shedding  of  petals  ;  no  dropping  away  from  the 
peduncle  ;  no  self-decapitation  like  that  of  a  fuchsia ; 
no  collapsing  and  dissolving  like  a  spider-wort  ;  no, 
there  is  never  any  of  this  ;  the  Orchid  flower  is  neither 
superficial  or  fugitive  nor  insincere  ;  it  may  be  worn 


INTRODUCTION.  xi 

even  for  a  long  evening  and  be  as  fresh  at  the  close, 
as  when  newly  gathered.  If  we  mistake  not,  Orchid 
flowers  have  a  grand  future  before  them,  not  simply 
as  shapes  of  beauty  for  the  conservatory,  to  be  ad- 
mired and  be  left  untouched,  but  as  an  absolute  ne- 
cessity even  in  completing  in-door  "dress.  Some  of 
these  Orchids,  when  they  do  change,  actually  grow 
larger  and  more  beautiful.  Witness  those  extraordi- 
nary species  of  the  Venus'  Slipper,  the  petals  of  which 
are  only  an  inch  in  length,  when  the  flowers  expand, 
but  which  in  four  days'  time  grow  to  be  a  foot  and  a 
half  long,  and  endure  for  three  weeks. 

"Orchids  not  only  fulfill  the  excellent  use  of  foster- 
ing good  taste.  The  collection  and  culture  of  these 
plants  opens  up  new  fields  for  the  legitimate  employ- 
ment of  wealth.  While  their  flowers  supply  new  and 
exquisite  materials  for  modest  and  becoming  per- 
sonal adornment,  they  greatly  contribute,  likewise,  to 
advance  the  knowledge  of  physiological  science. 
Therefore,  we  must  not  be  hard  upon  them  because 
they  supply  so  little  of  economic  worth.  Vanilla  is 
the  only  product  of  the  race,  that  in  England,  at  all 
events,  is  ever  utilized.  Never  mind.  As  the  forest- 
tree,  that  is  green  for  a  thousand  years,  can  leave  it 
to  the  summer  poppy  to  be  gaudy,  so  the  Orchids, 
filling  the  soul  with  an  ever  new  delight,  may  well 
leave  the  food  and  clothing  question  to  more  homely 
things. 

"  The  special  homes  of  epiphytal  orchids  are  moist 
woods  upon  the  slopes  of  hills,  chiefly  in  equinoctial 


Xll  INTRODUCTION. 

climates,  where  they  suspend  their  graceful  clusters 
above  the  head  of  the  admiring  traveller ;  some 
mantle  the  trunks  of  prostrate  trees,  while  a  few  trail 
over  mossy  rocks,  and  a  few  others  venture  even  to 
crags  close  to  the  shore.  The  height  above  the  sea 
at  which  some  of  them  occur  is  almost  incredible  ; 
Oncidium  nubigenum,  for  instance,  is  found  in  Peru  at 
an  altitude  of  14,000  feet,  and  Epidendrwn  frigidum 
where  trees  are  unknown,  and  where  snow  is  familiar. 

"  No  single  country  is  Orchidaceous  par  excellence. 
Wherever  heat  and  moisture  are  abundant,  whether 
it  be  in  Asia,  Africa,  or  America,  there  they  exist  in 
profusion  ;  the  principal  stations  being  the  forests  of 
Peru  and  Brazil,  the  lower  mountains  of  Mexico,  the 
West  Indies,  Madagascar  and  the  adjacent  islands, 
the  damp  jungles  of  Nepaul  and  Burmah,  and  the 
whole  of  the  Indian  Archipelago,  especially  New 
Guinea  and  Java.  In  Java  alone,  there  have  already 
been  found  not  less  than  three  hundred  species. 

"  Sierra  Leone  and  the  torrid  countries  watered  by 
the  Niger,  likewise  teem  with  these  brilliant  epi- 
phytes, showing  how  vast  is  the  wealth  yet  to  be 
gathered.  '  Such  is  their  number  and  variety,' 
Humboldt  tells  us,  '  in  the  valleys  of  the  Peruvian 
Andes,  that  the  entire  life  of  a  painter  would  be  too 
short  to  delineate  all  the  magnificent  forms  which 
adorn  those  deep  recesses/  Contrariwise,  in  regions 
where  the  heat  is  accompanied  by  great  permanent 
dryness,  such  as  the  sandy  wastes  of  Arabia  and 
Africa,  Orchids  are  nearly  absent.  Orchids,  in  a 


INTRODUCTION.  xiii 

word,  of  one  kind  or  another,  grow  in  all  latitudes' 
except  the  very  coldest  and  the  very  driest,  having 
their  maximum  in  the  neighborhood  of  the  equator 
and  their  minimum  in  the  extreme  north,  ceasing 
only  upon  the  threshold  of  the  frozen  zone.  Let  the 
atmosphere  be  warm  and  pure  and  gently  and  plenti- 
fully moistened,  and  they  flourish  ;  damp  without 
warmth,  foul  air  and  stagnant  water,  they  abhor  ; 
they  never  grow  in  pestiferous  places,  and  in  these 
facts  we  find  our  first  hints  as  to  wise  culture. 
Every  part  of  the  world  possesses  its  characteristic 
species,  and  we  might  map  it  out  into  Orchid 
provinces.  Very  curious  features  would  arrest  us 
during  the  survey.  How  comes  it,  that  those  lovely 
Asiatic  Dendrobes,  the  peerless  Phalaenopsids,  and 
many  more  of  the  orientals,  so  often  have  pendulous 
stems,  while  in  the  Orchids  of  America  we  so  gener- 
ally find  an  erect  habit  of  growth  ?  Why,  again,  is 
there  so  much  larger  a  variety  of  grotesque  configura- 
tion of  flower  in  the  Orchids  of  the  Western  conti- 
nent than  exists  in  those  of  the  Eastern  ?  Why,  yet 
again,  do  the  Cypripedes  of  cold  and  temperate  coun- 
tries often  have  leafy  stems,  while  those  of  hot  coun- 
tries prefer  leafless  ones  ?  And,  why  in  the  whole 
breadth  of  the  world  is  there  scarcely  one  absolutely 
^///^-flowered  Orchid  ?  Many  Orchids  have  a  fine 
blue  spot,  or  wear  an  apron  of  blue  silk,  but  an  Or- 
chid purely  blue  in  every  portion  of  the  flower  is  said 
to  be  found  only  in  the  HerscJiellia  and  the  Thely- 
mitra.  One  or  two  are  named  cceruleus  and  coeru- 


xiv  INTRODUCTION. 

lescens;  but  their  color  is  only  a  delicate  lilac-laven- 
der. This  almost  total  want  of  blue  Orchids  becomes 
the  more  remarkable  from  the  frequency  of  the  color 
in  all  the  large  nearly  related  families,  unless  in  the 
Amaryllids,  which  show  much  less  than  the  Liliaceae 
and  Iridaceae.  Every  other  hue  is  possessed  by  the 
Orchids  in  abundance,  and  the  richest  variety,  spot- 
less pearl  and  the  intensest  crimson-violet  forming 
the  poles,  with  everything  there  is  in  spring  and  sun- 
set lying  between. 

"  Orchids  beset  us  with  questions  such  as  those 
indicated,  and  ask  more  riddles  than  ever  the  Sphynx 
proposed  to  travellers.  Grotesqueness  of  flower- 
shape,  let  us  remember,  so  remarkable  in  the  new 
world  forms,  is  one  of  the  very  special  characteristics 
of  the  entire  family ;  and  probably  a  part  of  the  in- 
terest which  Orchids  excite  in  our  minds  comes  from 
their  weird  outlines  and  expression,  so  totally  dis- 
tinct are  these  from  the  physiognomy  of  all  other 
flowers  in  nature.  It  is  now  an  old  story  that  Or- 
chid flowers  present  the  simulacra  of  beasts,  birds, 
and  fishes,  reptiles  and  insects,  yea,  even  of  the 
human  figure,  as  in  the  droll  Aceras  anthropophora, 
which  dressed  like  an  acrobat,  in  skin-tunic  of  green, 
swings  as  if  gibbetted  in  company  with  some  fifty 
other  little  felons. 

"  The  Espiritu  Sancto  seems  a  white  dove  with  ex- 
panded wings.  As  for  horns,  antennae,  antlers,  tails, 
ears,  and  other  adjuncts,  of  shape  the  most  eccentric, 
there  are  enough  to  give  a  zoologist  the  agonies  ; 


INTRODUCTION.  XV 

and  when  we  have  done  with  these,  there  are  de- 
vices and  tintings  enough  for  the  fabrication  of  a  new 
heraldry.  Looking  at  the  comparative  novelty  of  the 
knowledge  of  Orchids,  of  course  we  have  to  re- 
member that  our  forefathers  had  not  opportunities 
like  our  own,  and  that  the  countries  producing  these 
plants  were  seldom  visited.  Orchids  need  not  have 
remained  unknown,  because  they  are  diminutive  and 
short-lived.  That  some  are  pigmies  is  shown  in  the 
little  Drymoda  ;  but  Oncidium  altissitmtm  has  golden 
panicles  nine  or  ten  feet  in  length  ;  many  Dendrobes 
and  some  of  the  Laelias  measure  as  much  from  root 
to  apex,  and  the  reed-like  Sobralias  in  their  native 
countries  are  thrice  the  height  of  a  man.  So  with 
their  duration.  Excepting  as  to  their  flower  stems, 
no  Orchids  are  either  annual  or  biennial,  while  many 
are  absolutely  longeval.  Colonel  Benson  tells  us 
of  a  Saccolabium  giganteum  in  Burmah,  which  he  es- 
timated by  trustworthy  marks  to  be  above  one  hun- 
dred years  old. 

"  Living  so  long,  Orchids,  well  managed,  thus  offer 
not  only  beauty,  but  a  thoroughly  sound  investment 
for  capital,  their  money  value  increasing  every  day, 
and  when  of  good  quality  they  bring  prices  compar- 
able with  those  of  pictures. 

"At  a  sale  this  last  summer  (1875),  the  following 
prices  were  obtained  :  — 

"Cypripcdium  Lowii,  220  shillings.  Oncidium  splen- 
didum,  eight  bulbs,  two  young  growths,  630  s.  Sacco- 
labium Russellianum,  fourteen  leaves,  588  s.  Sacco- 


XVi  INTRODUCTION. 

labium  guttatum,  1,305  s.  Aerides  margariticcumy 
thirty-two  inches  high,  525  s.  Vanda  tricolor  Rus- 
selliana,  546  s.  Aerides  VeitcJtii,  725  s.  Angrceciim 
Ellisii,  200  s.  Cattleya  lobata,  300  s.  Cypripedium 
caudatumy  320  s.  Cattleya  Warneri,  562  s.  Cat- 
tleya Russeliiana,  882  s.  Cattleya  labiata  Warneri, 
609  s.  Zygopetalum  maxillare,  378  s.  Cattleya 
Dowiana,  550  s.  Colax  jugosus,  294  s.  The  whole 
sale  realized  .£2,211  14  s. 

"  These  enormous  figures  of  course  imply  excep- 
tionally fine  specimens,  and  need  cause  no  alarm  to 
the  intending  cultivator.  Orchids,  as  a  rule,  are  not 
more  costly  than  other  select  plants  ;  their  culture  is 
very  simple,  and  there  is  no  reason  why  every  man 
who  has  a  conservatory,  and  who  will  lay  out  a  little 
money  judiciously,  and  treat  his  plants  tenderly  and 
lovingly,  may  not  have  it  gay  with  these  Orchid 
treasures.  Plants  are  marvelously  docile.  When 
they  die  prematurely  it  is  not  of  '  treatment '  but  of 
7;ztf/treatment,  and  with  Orchids  especially,  as  with 
women  and  chameleons,  their  life  is  the  reflection  of 
what  is  around  them." 

It  is  often  urged  that  floral  names  are  difficult  and 
meaningless.  A  little  study  and  investigation  will 
show  upon  how  slight  a  foundation  this  statement 
rests.  To  aid  in  this,  a  copious  glossary  of  botanical 
terms  and  of  the  signification  of  Orchid  names  is  ap- 
pended. 

In  the  second  portion  of  the  book  there  are  many 
Orchids  described,  in  the  growth  of  which  the  writer 


INTRODUCTION.  xvii 

has  had  no  personal  experience  ;  for  cultural  direc- 
tions and  descriptions  of  these,  he  is  indebted  to 
those  of  other  writers,  among  whom  he  may  mention 
Mr.  B.  S.  Williams,  author  of  the  "  Orchid  Grower's 
Manual."  The  many  illustrated  magazines  have  been 
carefully  studied,  and  it  is  hoped  the  directions  may 
be  sufficiently  explicit. 

The  chapter  on  History  of  Orchid  Culture  in  the 
United  States,  will  be  valuable  as  putting  on  record 
facts  which,  now  within  the  memory  of  the  living, 
might  before  many  years  have  been  forever  lost. 

For  information  and  kind  assistance,  he  would  ex- 
press his  obligations  to  John  A.  Lowell,  Esq.,  of  Bos- 
ton, Gen.  John  F.  Rathbone,  and  Mr.  Louis  Menand, 
of  Albany  ;  George  Such,  of  South  Amboy,  and  Mr. 
John  Fleming,  L.  A.  Lienau,  and  Isaac  Buchanan, 
of  New  York. 

That  there  are  errors  both  of  commission  and 
of  omission,  in  a  volume  embracing  so  great  a  range 
is  more  than  probable. 

Experience  will  bring  knowledge,  and  not  only 
develop  new  modes  of  culture,  but  demonstrate  their 
superiority,  and  it  is  to  lead  to  the  experiment  of  Or- 
chid culture  those  by  whom  it  is  as  yet  untried,  as 
well  as  to  aid  the  present  Ochiologist,  that  the  vol- 
ume is  given  to  the  public. 

GLEN  RIDGE,  Jamtary,  1876. 


LIST   OF 

ILLUSTRATED    BOTANICAL   WORKS    REFERRED   TO. 


Abbreviations. 

Bos.  ATH^E  .     .    .  Library  of  Boston  Athenaeum. 

Bos.  PUB.  LIB.  .    .  Library  of  City  of  Boston. 

Bos.  NAT.  His.  Soc.  Library  of  Boston  Society  of  Natural  History. 

E.  S.  R.,  JR.  .    .    .  Library  of  Edward  S.  Rand,  Jr. 

MASS.  HORT.  Soc.  .  Library  of   Massachusetts    Horticultural    So- 
ciety. 

HARV.  COL.  .    .    .  Library  of  Harvard  College. 


AND.  REP.  .    .    .    ANDREWS,    The    Botanist's    Repository. 

London,  1797-1811.    lovols.,  4to.    Colored 

Plates  1-664. 

Lib.  E.  S.  R.,  Jr. ;  Mass.  Hort.  Soc. 
BAT BATEMAN,  The  Orchidaceae  of  Mexico  and 

Guatemala.     London,  1837-1843.     Folio. 

Map.     Col.  PI.  1-40. 

Lib.  Mass.  Hort.  Soc. 

BAT.  ist  CEN.      .    JAMES  BATEMAN,  A  Century  of  Orchid- 
aceous  Plants.      London,    1849.     I    vol., 

4to.      Col.   PI.   i-ioo. 

Lib.  E.  S.  R.,  Jr. 
BAT.  2d  CEN.  .    .    BATEMAN,  JAMES,  A  Second  Century  of 

Orchidaceous  Plants.     London,  1867.     I 

vol.,  4to.    Col.  PI.  i-ioo. 

Lib.  E.  S.  R.,  Jr. ;  Mass.  Hort.  Soc. 


ILLUSTRATED  BOTANICAL    WORKS.  XIX 

BAT.  ODON.     .    .    BATEMAN,  JAMES,  A  Monograph  of  Odon- 

toglossum.        London,    1864-74.       Folio. 

Col.     PI.  1-30. 

Lib.  E.  S.  R.,  Jr.  ;  Mass.  Hort.  Soc. 
BLUME,  ORCH.  .  BLUME,  Flora  Javae  Orchideae  Luga  Bat., 

1858.     Folio.     Col.  PI.  1-66. 

Lib.  E.  S.  R.,  Jr. ;  Mass.  Hort.  Soc. 
B.  M CURTIS,  Botanical  Magazine.  London, 

1783-1876.     100  vols.,  8vo. 

Series  I,  vols.  1-53. 

Series  2,  vols.  53-70. 

Series  3,  vols.  71-100,  and  con. 

Col.  PI.  1-6205. 

Lib.   Mass.   Hort.   Soc. ;     E.  S.  R.,  Jr. ; 

Bos.  Nat.   His.  Soc.  ;    Bos.  Athae.  ;    Bos. 

Pub.  Lib.  ;    Harv.  Col. 

B.  R EDWARDS,  The  Botanical  Register.     Lon- 

don, 1815-47.     33  vols.,  royal  8vo. 

Vols.  1-23.     Col.  PI.  1-2014. 

Vol.  24,  1838.     Col.  PI.  1-68. 

Vol.  25,  1839.     Col.  PI.  1-69. 

Vol.  26,  1840.     Col.  PI.  1-71. 

Vol.  27,  1841.     Col.  PI.  1-70. 

Vol.  28,  1842.     Col.  PI.  1-69. 

Vol.  29,  1843.     Co1-  pl-  I-6& 

Vol.  30,  1844.     Col.  PI.  1-67. 

Vol.  31,  1845.     Col.  PI.  1-69. 

Vol.  32,  1846.     Col.  PI.  1-69. 

Vol.  33,  1847.     Col.  PI.  1-70. 

In  all,  2702  Plates. 

Lib.  Mass.  Hort.  Soc.  ;  E.  S.  R.,  Jr. ;  Bos. 

Nat.  His.  Soc.  ;  Bos.  Pub.  Lib. 

C.  B Lindley.     Botanical  Collections,    London, 

1821.     Folio.     Col.  PI.  1-41. 
FL.  CAB.     .    .    .    KNOWLES  AND  WESCOTT,  The  Floral  Cab- 


XX11  ILLUSTRATED  BOTANICAL   WORKS. 

zig,   1858-74.     2  vols.,  4to.      Col.  PI.  I- 

200. 

Lib.  E.  S.  R.  Jr. 
REV.  HORT.    .     .     .     Revue  Horticole.      Paris,  1855-76,  and 

continued,  20  vols.    1855-65,  24  Col.  PI. 

in  each  vol.     1865-76,  52  Col.  PI.  (ex- 
cept  during    Franco-German   War)  in 

each  vol. 

Lib.  Mass.  Hort.  Soc.  ;  E.  S.  R.,  Jr. 
Rox.  CORM.    .     .     .     ROX^URG,  Plants  of  Coast  of  Coroman- 

del.    London,  1795-1819.    Col.  PI.  1-300. 

3  vols. 
SERT.  EOT.     .     .     .     Sertum   Botanicum.      Bruxelles,    1828- 

1835.  7vols.,4to.  ManyhundredCol.Pl. 

Lib.  E.  S.  R.,  Jr. 

SERT.  O.    .     .     .    .     Sertum  Orchidacaeum,   Lindley.      Lon- 
don, 1837-42.     Folio. 
THOUARS,  OR.  AFRI.  AUBERT  DU  PETIT  THOUARS,  Histoire 

des    Orchiddes   des  trois   des   Afrique. 

Paris,  1822. 

Histoire  des  Vegetaux   des    lies  Aus- 

trales  d' Afrique.     Paris,  1806.     Col.  PI. 

1-24. 
WAR.  ORCH.  .    .    .    WARNER,  Select  Orchidaceous  Plants. 

London,  1862-75.     2  vols.,  4to.     1862- 

65,  1868-74.     Col.  PI.   1-40,  and  1-40. 

Lib.  Mass.  Hort.  Soc. ;  E.  S.  R.,  Jr. 
WIGHT,  Ic.     ...     WIGHT,  I  cones  Plantarum  India?  Orien- 

tales.     Madras,    1838-53.     6  vols.,  4to. 

PL  1-2101. 

Lib.  Mass.  Hort.  Soc. ;  E.  S.  R.,  Jr. 
WIGHT,  ILL.  .     .     .     WIGHT,  Illustrations  of  Indian  Botany. 

Madras,  1838-48.     2  vols.,  4to.     Col.  PI. 

1-182. 

Lib.  E.  S.  R.,  Jr. 


XJNIVE7BSIT^  }; 


ORCHIDS. 

CHAPTER  I. 

NATURE   AND    HABITS   OF    ORCHIDS. 

THE  primary  division  of  Orchids  is  into  two  general 
classes,  those  growing  upon  trees,  and  those  growing 
upon  the  ground,  in  other  words  epiphytal  and  terrestrial. 
In  hot  countries  the  species  are  generally  epiphytes ;  in 
temperate  regions  we  find  only  the  terrestrial  classes. 
These  rules  are  not,  however,  without  some  exceptions ; 
epiphytes  often  grow  upon  rocks  or  in  earth  (though  in 
both  cases,  the  position  is  rather  for  support  than  one 
of  nourishment),  and  terrestrial  Orchids  abound  in  hot 
countries. 

The  peculiar  characteristics  of  Orchidaceous  plants 
will  be  fully  described  in  a  future  chapter ;  suffice  it  at 
present  to  say  that  there  is  no  order  of  plants  the  struc- 
ture of  whose  flowers  is  so  anomalous  as  regards  the  re- 
lation borne  to  each  other  by  the  parts  of  reproduction, 
or  so  singular  in  respect  to  the  form  of  the  floral  envel- 
opes. Orchidaceous  plants  inhabit  all  parts  of  the 
world  except  those  which  are  excessively  dry  or  exces- 
sively cold,  both  of  which  extremes  of  temperature  appear 
uncongenial  to  their  nature. 

They  abound  chiefly  in  regions  with  a  mild  climate, 
moist  and  warm  during  the  greater  part  of  the  year. 


24  ORCHIDS. 

The  flora  of  the  temperate  regions  abounds  in  terres- 
trial Orchids,  which  are,  however,  with  some  exceptions, 
distinguished  by  flowers  more  remarkable  for  peculiarity 
of  form  than  for  size  and  brilliancy  of  color.  It  is,  how- 
ever, in  the  tropical  forests,  that  we  meet  with  these  plants 
in  full  luxuriance  ;  here  the  species  are  mostly  epiphytal ; 
establishing  themselves  upon  the  branches  of  the  trees, 
they  either  vegetate  amid  masses  of  decaying  vegetable 
matter  or  cling  by  long  succulent  grasping  roots  to  the 
naked  branches  of  trees,  from  which  and  the  moist  at- 
mosphere they  derive  their  nourishment. 

They  are  also  found  abundantly  on  the  banks  of 
streams  near  falls  of  water,  where  they  are  constantly 
bathed  in  the  rising  spray.  Some  few  species  indeed 
seem  of  a  different  nature,  growing  mostly  on  rocks  ex- 
posed to  a  broiling  sun,  their  roots  alone  absorbing  the 
moisture  of  the  dew. 

In  general,  a  certain  degree  of  shade  seems  to  be  es- 
sential to  Orchids.  In  Brazil,  they  are  found  abundantly 
in  damp  woods  and  rock  valleys,  embowered  among  foli- 
age of  the  most  luxuriant  description. 

In  Nepaul,  as  stated  by  Dr.  Wallich,  the  epiphytal 
species  grow  in  company  with  ferns ;  and  the  thicker  the 
forest,  the  more  stately  the  trees,  the  richer  and  blacker 
the  natural  soil,  the  more  profuse  the  Orchidaceae  and 
ferns  upon  them.  There  they  flourish  by  the  sides  of 
dripping  springs,  in  deep  shady  recesses,  in  inconceivable 
quantity,  and  with  an  astonishing  degree  of  luxuriance. 

We  should,  however,  err,  did  we  suppose  that  the  prin- 
cipal haunts  of  Orchids  are  the  deep  shady  woods  ;  it  is 
even  probable  that  just  the  contrary  is  the  fact,  and  that 
the  cases  just  cited  are  extreme. 


NATURE  AND  HABITS  OF  ORCHIDS.  2$ 

Orchids  are  chiefly  found  on  the  borders  of  the  forests 
or  in  the  open  glades  or  savannas ;  it  is  seldom  they  are 
met  with  in  the  primitive  forests. 

They  are  very  abundant  in  Brazil,  near  Rio  Janeiro,  in 
Mexico,  in  Colombia,  in  Trinidad,  especially  in  moun- 
tainous places  and  damp  woods.  In  the  East  Indies,  in 
Java,  Ceylon,  Nepaul,  and  China,  where  they  are  princi- 
pally found  in  the  woods,  on  the  borders  of  rivers  and 
mountain  streams.  The  localities  of  Orchids  are  very 
marked ;  of  some  species  only  a  single  habitat  is  known  ; 
many  are  exceedingly  rare,  some  only  being  known  to 
botany  by  a  single  dried  specimen  in  a  herbarium,  and 
others  once  known  in  our  hot-houses  are  now  lost  to  cul- 
tivation ;  some  species  now  in  cultivation  have  sprung 
from  a  single  imported  plant.  The  Orchids  of  the  East- 
ern and  Western  hemispheres  are  entirely  different,  there 
being  no  affinity  between  them.  Orchids  are  also  most 
capricious  in  their  locations  j  sometimes  a  river  may  be 
ascended  for  miles  and  not  an  Orchid  be  seen,  when  on  a 
sudden  turn  of  the  stream  every  tree  becomes  covered 
with  them.  The  part  of  the  tree  on  which  they  live  is 
also  uncertain ;  some  are  found  close  to  the  ground, 
others  a  few  feet  high,  others  on  the  forks  of  the  trunk 
and  branches,  some  only  on  the  trunk,  others  only  on 
the  branches,  and  many  only  on  the  topmost  branches 
of  the  loftiest  trees,  so  high  that  they  are  only  discover- 
able by  their  delicious  perfume. 

Some  varieties  will  only  thrive  when  grown  on  the  lower 
side  of  a  block,  their  native  growth  being  on  the  under 
side  of  a  branch.  Of  these  the  fine  yellow  Cattleya  (C. 
citrind)  is  our  most  familiar  example. 

Where  they  find  a  congenial  home,  they  grow  to  im- 


26  ORCHIDS. 

mense  size,  increasing  by  the  pseudo-bulbs  in  every  di- 
rection, and  often  covering  a  whole  tree.  In  many  cases 
a  large  tree  becomes  a  large  bouquet  of  Orchids,  for 
many  species  with  various  colored  curiously  shaped  flowers 
are  often  found  on  the  same  tree. 

While  all  the  East  Indian  Orchids  require  a  hot  moist 
temperature,  many  of  the  South  American  and  Mexican 
species  will  endure  much  cold  without  injury ;  they  are 
sometimes  found  where  the  mercury  at  night  descends 
below  the  freezing  point  and  where  the  leaves  are  covered 
with  hoar-frost ;  thus  the  different  species  demand  far  dif- 
ferent treatment,  and  from  an  ignorance  of  these  require- 
ments and  peculiarities,  have  arisen  many  of  the  failures 
which  have  hitherto  attended  their  culture. 

"  A  high  mean  temperature  throughout  the  year,  and  a 
climate  either  constantly  humid,  or  at  least,  periodically 
so,  are  atmospheric  elements  eminently  favorable  to  the 
production  of  these  plants.  All  those  species  which 
simply  exist  by  clinging  by  their  roots  to  the  branches  of 
growing  trees,  and  probably  other  species,  must  derive 
necessarily  their  nourishment  in  a  great  measure,  if  not 
entirely,  from  the  moisture  in  a  very  elastic  state  that 
surrounds  them.  And,  although  nature  seems  in  general 
to  have  provided  for  the  scantiness  of  their  food,  by  the 
construction  of  them  with  a  cuticle  only  capable  of  part- 
ing by  slow  degrees  with  the  fluid  they  receive  by  their 
roots,  yet  it  is  obviously  requisite  that  they  should  be  so 
situated  as  to  be  within  reach  of  an  abundant  supply, 
not  only  at  the  time  when  they  are  growing,  but  to  a  cer- 
tain extent  at  other  periods.  Thus  we  find  that  the  hot- 
test countries  if  dry,  and  the  dampest  if  cold,  are  des- 
titute of  them,  while  there  is  no  instance  of  a  country 


NATURE  AND  HABITS  OF  ORCHIDS.  2/ 

both  hot  and  damp,  where  they  are  not  plentiful.  It 
may  however  be  remarked,  that  the  terrestrial  Orchids 
will  bear  a  far  greater  degree  of  cold  and  drought  than 
the  epiphytal  species,  their  range  is  therefore  much 
greater,  and  the  general  remarks  about  Orchids  must  be 
taken  with  a  great  degree  of  allowance  in  respect  to  this 
class. 

Notwithstanding  the  high  temperature  of  Africa,  they 
are  unknown  in  the  sandy  deserts  and  parched  atmos- 
phere ;  yet  they  abound  in  Sierre  Leone,  where  the  cli- 
mate is  damp  and  are  not  infrequent  in  the  jungles  at 
the  Cape  of  Good  Hope. 

In  the  West  India  Islands,  they  exist  in  great  quanti- 
ties, particularly  in  Jamaica  and  Trinidad,  not  however 
so  much  on  the  coast  as  on  the  lower  ranges  of  hills. 

At  Rio  Janeiro  the  mean  temperature  is  74°  3'  and 
much  higher  inland ;  the  woods  are  so  damp  it  is  impos- 
sible to  dry  plants  ;  and  in  such  situations  multitudes  of 
Orchidaceous  plants  occur.  In  the  immediate  vicinity  of 
Buenos  Ayres,  however,  where  the  mean  temperature  is 
67°  6'  and  the  air  dry,  epiphytes  are  unknown.  No 
country,  however,  exhibits  in  a  more  striking  manner 
than  the  East  Indies  the  necessity  of  a  hot  and  damp 
climate  for  the  production  of  epiphytes.  In  the  Malayan 
Archipelago,  the  mean  temperature  of  which  is  estimated 
at  between  77°  and  78°,  where  the  atmosphere  is  always 
very  damp,  they  are  found  in  profusion.  In  Nepaul, 
they  occur  upon  the  sides  of  the  lower  mountains,  where 
they  grow  amongst  clouds  and  constant  showers,  while  on 
the  continent  of  India  they  are  almost  wholly  unknown, 
except  in  the  mountain  valleys. 

In  Mexico  and  Central  America,  the  provinces  most 


28  ORCHIDS. 

prolific  in  Orchids  are  Oaxaca,  Honduras,  and  Guate- 
mala ;  they  are  also  plenty  upon  the  Isthmus. 

The  conditions  of  Orchid  growth  can  thus  be  easily 
stated.  In  their  native  countries  they  are  exposed  to  a 
dry  season,  during  which  they  rest,  and  to  a  rainy  season, 
when  the  heat  is  higher  and  the  air  moist  nearly  to  satura- 
tion. To  grow  Orchids  in  any  perfection,  their  native 
climate  must,  to  a  certain  extent,  be  imitated  ;  that  is, 
they  must  have  a  period  of  rest  in  a  dry  and  compara- 
tively cool  atmosphere,  and  during  their  growth  and 
flowering  they  should  be  exposed  to  a  high  moist  tempera- 
ture. As  Orchids  principally  grow  on  the  trunks  and 
branches  of  trees,  it  is  important  that  they  should  be 
exposed  to  a  free  current  of  air,  and  also  to  the  light. 
The  plants  should  not,  however,  be  exposed  directly  to 
the  sun's  rays,  which  are  apt  to  scorch  the  leaves  and 
wither  the  flowers,  and  some  species  require  constant 
shade. 

The  great  heat  and  moisture  are  only  necessary  while 
the  plants  are  in  vigorous  growth,  and  this  period  should 
be  during  spring  and  summer,  the  best  period  of  rest 
being  from  November  till  March.  It  should  be  under- 
stood that  it  is  this  long  season  of  rest  which  predisposes 
the  plant  to  blossom.  Of  course  these  rules  of  growth 
and  rest  can  only  be  stated  in  general  terms.  There  are 
certain  kinds  which  grow  uninterruptedly  throughout  the 
year.  And  again,  even  of  those  which  go  to  rest  periodi- 
cally on  the  completion  of  their  growth,  it  does  not 
always  happen  that  their  time  of  rest  corresponds  with 
that  of  the  largest  number.  As  we  come  in  course  to 
mention  the  different  species,  their  proper  time  of  rest, 
if  peculiar,  will  be  indicated. 


NA  TURE  AND  HABITS  OF  ORCHIDS.  29 

It  is  not  alone  in  the  form  of  the  flowers  that  the  Orchi- 
daceous plants  differ  from  other  members  of  the  floral 
world ;  the  tt  hole  structure  of  the  plant  is  peculiar.  The 
roots  are  of  four  kinds.  First,  annual  fibres,  simple  or 
branched,  of  a  succulent  nature,  incapable  of  extension, 
and  burrowing  under  ground,  as  in  the  genus  Orchis. 

Secondly,  annual  fleshy  tubercles,  round  or  oblong, 
simple  or  divided,  as  in  the  various  species  of  the  same 
genus ;  they  are  always  combined  with  the  first,  and  ap- 
pear to  be  intended  as  receptacles  for  matter  fit  for  the 
nourishment  of  the  plant. 

Thirdly,  fleshy  simple  or  branched  perennial  bodies, 
much  entangled,  tortuous,  or  irregular  in  form,  as  in 
Corallorhiza,  or  nearly  simple  and  resembling  tubers. 

Fourthly,  perennial  round  shoots,  simple  or  a  little 
branched,  capable  of  extension,  protruded  from  the  stem 
into  the  air,  adapted  to  adhering  to  other  bodies,  and 
formed  of  a  woody  or  vascular  axis  covered  with  cellular 
tissue,  of  which  the  subcutaneous  layer  is  often  green  and 
composed  of  large  reticulated  cells. 

The  stem  is  often  (as  in  some  terrestrial  species)  merely 
a  growing  point  surrounded  by  scales,  and  constituting  a 
leaf  bud  when  at  rest,  but  eventually  growing  into  a 
secondary  stem  or  branch  on  which  the  leaves  and  flowers 
are  developed.  In  other  cases  the  growing  point  becomes 
perennial,  thickens,  is  scarred  with  the  remains  of  leaves 
which  once  grew  upon  it,  and  assumes  the  state  of  a 
short,  round,  or  ovate  perennial  stem  or  pseudo-bulb. 

Or  again,  the  rhizoma,  instead  of  having  pseudo-bulbs, 
forms  short  stems  which  are  terminated  by  one  or  more 
leaves. 

The  leaves   are  very  uncertain  in  their  appearance; 


30  ORCHIDS. 

usually  they  are  sheathing  at  the  base,  and  membranous ; 
but  in  some  species  they  are  hard  stalked,  articulated 
with  the  stem,  and  have  no  trace  of  a  sheath.  Frequently 
they  are  leathery  and  veinless;  as  frequently  they  are 
membranous  and  strongly  ribbed,  and  both  these  condi- 
tions may  occur  in  the  same  genus,  as  in  Cypripedium. 

The  peculiarities  of  the  floral  leaves  and  organs  will 
more  properly  be  noticed  in  treating  of  the  classification 
of  Orchids ;  suffice  it  to  say  that  the  flowers  are  constructed 
irregularly  upon  the  ternary  type,  and  consist  of  three  ex- 
terior and  three  interior  pieces,  of  which  the  exterior  are 
usually  nearly  equal,  and  less  brightly  colored  than  the 
interior. 

On  account  of  the  peculiarities  of  growth  and  structure, 
so  unlike  other  plants,  it  was  many  years  before  any  of 
these  plants  were  successfully  cultivated  in  England.  A 
few  were  barely  kept  alive,  but  never  flowered  satisfac- 
torily, and  their  successful  culture  was  considered  impos- 
sible. Within  the  last  forty  years,  however,  their  true 
nature  has  been  understood,  until  at  the  present  day  they 
are  cultivated  with  success,  and  bloom  with  a  luxuriance 
equal  to  that  of  their  native  haunts.  To  promote  this 
culture,  and  to  call  attention  to  the  more  remarkably 
beautiful  species  and  varieties,  is  the  object  of  this 
volume. 


CHAPTER    II. 

BEGINNING   AND   PROGRESS   OF   ORCHID   CULTURE. 

IT  had  long  been  known  from  travellers  that  Orchid- 
aceous plants,  especially  the  epiphytal  species,  were 
remarkable  for  brilliancy  of  color,  extraordinary  form, 
and  exquisite  fragrance  ;  but  for  many  years  they  were 
only  known  to  the  horticultural  world  from  dried  speci- 
mens in  herbaria,  where  of  course  both  color  and  per- 
fume were  lost,  and  often  the  flower  itself  pressed  out  of 
shape.  In  time,  however,  a  few  living  plants  found  their 
way  to  England ;  these  were  mostly  of  the  hardier  and 
more  common  species,  and,  not  receiving  proper  culture, 
soon  perished.  Plants  imported  in  good  condition  were 
with  difficulty  kept  alive,  and  never  flourished.  As  they 
came  from  a  hot  climate,  they  were  constantly  forced  in 
heat,  no  season  for  rest  and  the  formation  of  flower  buds 
was  given.  Such  treatment  may  be  likened  to  keeping  an 
animal  perpetually  awake  ;  or  keeping  our  forced  grapes 
or  fruit  trees  in  perpetual  growth ;  in  either  case,  death 
by  exhaustion  would  be  the  result. 

It  may,  however,  be  said,  that  in  their  native  countries 
these  plants  enjoy  perpetual  summer;  this,  as  far  as  a 
high  temperature  is  concerned,  is  often  the  case,  but  the 
rest  is  afforded  by  a  decrease  of  atmospheric  moisture 
during  certain  seasons  of  the  year ;  and  thus  the  force  of 
the  argument  is  more  apparent  than  real. 

In  fact,  at  the  end  of  the  last  century,  there  were  only 


32  ORCHIDS. 

about  a  dozen  poorly  grown  plants  of  this  family  in  the 
greenhouses  at  Kew ;  from  1800  to  1815,  about  ten  more 
species  were  added  to  this  little  collection,  and  from  1815 
to  1830  fifty-three  new  species  and  varieties  formed,  with 
those  we  have  mentioned,  all  the  living  plants  of  this 
numerous  family  which  we  either  possessed  or  had  knowl- 
edge of.  Since  1830,  constant  additions  have  been  made, 
till  to-day  the  number  of  Orchids  introduced  to  cultiva- 
tion is  so  great  that  we  may  safely  say  there  is  no  family 
of  plants  so  rich  in  species  and  varieties. 

What,  then,  have  been  the  reasons  which  have  operated 
so  unfavorably  for  the  introduction  and  cultivation  of  Or- 
chids ?  The  first  and  most  natural  was  that  they  could 
not  be  made  to  live  in  the  climate  of  Europe.  If  any 
were  imported  in  good  condition  they  were  doubtless  cul- 
tivated like  greenhouse  plants.  There  being  entire  igno- 
norance  of  their  requirements  and  habits,  they  received 
only  the  care  ordinarily  given  to  plants  under  glass. 
That  is,  they  were  potted  and  watered  in  the  ordinary 
way,  and  the  consequence  was  that  few  survived  the  ex- 
periment. Cultivators  knew  nothing  of  the  moist  heat, 
which  is  indispensable,  or  of  the  care  necessary  to  be 
taken  for  the  preservation  of  the  roots  and  pseudo-bulbs ; 
in  a  word,  the  plants  perished  from  a  total  want  of  all 
the  requisites  for  successful  cultivation,  and  none  cared 
to  repeat  the  experiment  of  their  culture. 

About  the  year  1820,  Mr.  Cattley,  to  whom  is  dedi- 
cated the  magnificent  genus  Cattleya,  by  a  series  of 
experiments,  arrived  at  the  mode  of  successful  culture. 
His  success  was  soon  known,  and  many  amateurs  follow- 
ing his  example,  sought  to  stock  their  hot-houses  with 
these  beautiful  plants. 


PROGRESS  OF  ORCHID   CULTURE.  33 

Many  collectors  were  sent,  at  great  cost,  to  the  East 
and  West  Indies  to  procure  them,  and  the  number  of  rare 
and  valuable  Orchids  received  from  these  sources  was 
very  large. 

The  cultivation  of  Orchids  was  soon  attempted  on  the 
Continent ;  in  Belgium,  Switzerland,  Germany,  and  Rus- 
sia, large  houses,  devoted  exclusively  to  the  cultivation  of 
these  plants,  were  erected,  and  soon  boasted  rich  collec- 
tions. France  alone  manifested  little  interest  in  their 
culture,  the  only  large  collection  being  in  the  Museum  of 
Natural  History  in  Paris.  This  fact  is  the  more  remark- 
able, as  the  French  have  ever  maintained  the  highest 
place  in  all  branches  of  horticulture. 

About  1840,  many  species,  hitherto  unknown,  were  im- 
ported by  French  amateurs,  and  their  cultivation  was 
attended  with  marked  success  ;  this  led  to  further  impor- 
tations, until  at  the  present  time  the  collections  are  as 
rich  as  those  of  any  country. 

From  the  year  1820,  whence  we  must  date  the  progress 
of  Orchid  culture,  there  has  been  a  constant  improve- 
ment ;  difficulties  which  seemed  insurmountable  have 
been  gradually  overcome,  till  at  the  present  day  there 
•  is  no  bar  to  perfect  success,  though  even  now  there  are 
many  disputed  questions  and  differences  among  the  most 
successful  growers,  as  to  the  best  methods  of  growing 
some  species.  As  the  same  species  seem  to  grow  equally 
well  under  opposite  modes  of  treatment,  we  can  only 
conclude  that  the  plants  very  easily  adapt  themselves  to 
culture,  and  are  by  no  means  as  capricious  as  has  been 
supposed.  In  fact  in  the  Orchid  houses,  these  plants 
have  acquired  a  beauty,  and  grow  with  a  luxuriance 
wholly  unknown  to  them  in  their  native  haunts. 
3 


34  ORCHIDS. 

Species  which  in  the  wild  state  yield  only  two  or  three 
curious  blossoms,  in  cultivation  have  been  brought  to 
produce  from  twenty  to  thirty,  and  in  fact  many  plants  of 
the  order  submit  to  domestication  as  readily  as  our  more 
common  garden  flowers. 

There  seems  to  be  no  reason  why  Orchid  culture  should 
not  be  far  more  popular  than  at  present ;  already  the 
number  of  species  and  varieties  have  increased  from  the 
thirty  known  in  1820,  to  many  hundreds,  and  the  future 
opens  a  vast  field  of  progress.  The  island  of  Java  alone 
produces  over  three  hundred  species  and  varieties,  from 
which  it  may  be  seen  what  immense  additions  may  yet 
be  made  to  collections.  This  is  the  more  probable,  as 
the  Orchid  growing  countries  have  as  yet  been  imper- 
fectly explored,  and  when  in  this  connection  we  consider 
the  peculiar  local  habits  of  most  Orchids,  we  may  reason- 
ably look  for  large  and  rich  additions  to  our  Orchid  flora. 

It  must  not  be  supposed  that  all  of  these  many  species 
are  equally  beautiful.  While  we  have  many  which  for  sin- 
gularity of  form,  richness  of  color,  and  exquisite  fra- 
grance, excel  all  productions  of  the  floral  kingdom,  there 
are  hundreds  which  are  attractive  only  to  the  botanist, 
and  of  which  the  flowers  are  insignificant ;  but  all  are  * 
curious  and  interesting. 

We  have  said  that  in  the  general  distribution  of  Or- 
chidaceous plants,  those  of  North  America  (excepting 
always  Mexico  and  the  Isthmus)  are  wholly  terrestrial ; 
there  is,  however,  one  epiphyte  met  with  in  the  extreme 
Southern  States,  where  a  species  of  Epidendrum  (£. 
conopseum)  is  found  upon  the  Magnolia  glanca. 

There  is  one  cause  which  does  much  to  retard  Orchid 
culture  :  the  cost  of  the  plant  is  so  great,  and  the  expense 


PROGRESS  OF  ORCHID   CULTURE.  35 

of  culture  in  our  climate  so  considerable,  that  it  must  al- 
ways be  confined  to  the  rich ;  indeed,  at  the  .present  time, 
there  are  very  few  choice  collections  in  the  United  States. 
We  trust,  however,  to  be  able  to  show  that  the  cost  of 
culture  may  be  much  reduced ;  and  every  year  the  plants 
are  becoming  more  plenty,  and  consequently  cheaper. 

Among  those  who  have  done  much  for  Orchid  culture, 
may  be  mentioned,  Pescatore,  whose  hot-houses  at  St. 
Cloud  contained  one  of  the  richest  collections  in  Eu- 
rope •  and  whose  magnificent  plants  have  been  illustrated 
by  the  work  on  Orchids  (bearing  his  name)  by  Linden, 
which  enriches  some  of  our  horticultural  and  private  li- 
braries. 

In  England,  the  sale  collections  of  Messrs.  Low  of 
Clapton,  of  Messrs.  Veitch  of  Exeter,  and  Rollinson  of 
Tooting,  and  of  William  Bull  and  B.  S.  Williams,  are 
most  extensive. 

The  Orchids  of  Mexico,  the  Isthmus,  of  Colombia,  and 
Brazil,  have  been  chiefly  brought  into  cultivation  by  the 
French,  while  we  owe  most  of  the  choice  productions 
of  the  East  Indies  to  the  enterprise  of  English  collect- 
ors. 

The  horticultural  world  owes  a  debt  of  gratitude  to  the 
enterprise  of  M.  Pinel  of  Rio  Janeiro,  and  of  M.  Porte 
of  Bahia,  through  whom  many  of  the  finest  Brazilian 
species  have  been  brought  into  cultivation ;  to  M.  Linden 
of  Brussels,  whose  importations  of  Mexican  Orchids 
have  greatly  enriched  our  hot-houses;  to  Rev.  C.  S. 
Parish,  whose  discoveries  of  East  Indian  Orchids  have 
added  many  new  species  to  our  collection  ;  and  to  Fred. 
U.  Skinner,  who  is  worthily  commemorated  by  some  of 
the  most  showy  plants. 


CHAPTER  III. 

CLASSIFICATION. 

THE  family  of  Orchids  owes  its  chief  peculiarities 
to  the  following  circumstances  :  — 

Firstly,  The  consolidation  of  all  the  sexual  organs  into 
one  common  mass,  called  the  column. 

Secondly,  The  suppression  of  all  the  anthers,  except 
one,  in  the  greater  portion  of  the  order,  or  two  in  the 
tribe  Cypripedetz. 

Thirdly,  The  peculiar  condition  of  the  pollen,  and  the 
anther  which  contains  it. 

Fourthly,  The  very  general  development  of  one  of  the 
inner  leaves  of  the  perianth  or  petals  in  an  excessive  de- 
gree, or  in  an  unusual  form. 

Many  botanists  have  devoted  special  attention  to  this 
family,  of  whom  we  may  mention,  Bateman,  Brown, 
Hooker,  and  Paxton  in  England ;  Brongniart  and  Rich- 
ard in  France,  Linden,  in  Belgium,  and  Reichenbach  in 
Leipsic ;  but  Dr.  Lindley  has  paid  more  attention  to 
their  nomenclature  and  arrangement,  and  his  classifica- 
tion, which  we  follow,  has  been  generally  adopted. 

These  peculiarities  of  the  order  are  in  most  cases  very 
striking,  and  are  strongly  manifested  in  the  same  flower ; 
we  also  find  the  true  nature  of  each  part,  indicated  by 
special  cases  of  structure,  occurring  in  different  parts  of 
the  order. 

Thus  in  Cypripedium,  not  only  are  two  lateral  stamens 


CLASS1FICA  TION.  3  7 

furnished  with  anthers  while  the  central  stamen  is  anther- 
less,  but  the  stigma  and  style  separate  from  the  fila- 
ments nearly  to  the  base  and  the  triple  nature  of  the 
former  is  distinctly  shown,  together  with  the  relation  of 
its  lobes  to  the  other  parts  of  the  flower. 

The  pollen,  which  has  so  anomalous  an  appearance 
in  its  waxy  or  sectile  state,  presents  the  usual  appearance 
of  that  substance  in  Goodyera  and  many  Neottea.  And 
the  irregularity  of  the  labellum  disappears  in  such  genera 
as  Paxtonia,  Thelymitra,  and  some  others  whose  flowers 
are  almost  as  regular  as  those  of  a  Sisyrinchinm. 

In  the  classification  of  Orchids,  the  most  important 
characters  seem  to  reside  in  the  pollen,  which  in  many 
is  consolidated  into  firm  waxy  masses  of  a  definite  num- 
ber in  each  species,  and  in  others  is  either  in  its  usual 
loose  powdery  condition,  or  is  collected  in  granules  or 
small  wedges,  the  number  of  which  is  far  too  great  to  be 
counted. 

Of  those  with  waxy  pollen  masses,  some  (Malaxetz) 
are  destitute  of  any  visible  organs,  or  means  by  which 
the  masses  are  brought  into  contact  with  the  stigma ; 
others  (Epidendrece)  have  strap-shaped  caudiculae,  which 
are  either  bent  down  upon  the  masses  themselves,  or 
serve  to  hold  them  together,  without,  however,  forming 
any  organized  union  with  the  stigma ;  while  the  remain- 
der (  Vandecz)  have  a  caudicula,  which  adheres  firmly  to  a 
gland  found  on  the  upper  margin  of  the  stigma,  and  sep- 
arating freely  from  that  organ. 

The  last  form  is  much  more  distinct  from  the  two  first, 
than  they  are  from  each  other,  and  it  may  be  requisite  to 
combine  Malaxecs  with  Epidendrea,  or  to  exclude  from 
the  former  not  only  Acanthophippium,  Ccdogyne,  and  Pho- 


38  ORCHIDS. 

lidota,  but  several  other  genera  at  present  referred  to 
them. 

The  genera  with  powdery,  granular,  or  sectile  pollen, 
cannot  be  classified  so  conveniently  by  modifications  of 
that  part,  but  are  readily  divided  into  three  natural  tribes 
by  peculiarities  in  the  anther. 

In  some  (Ophrecz)  the  anther  is  erect,  not  hinged  to 
the  column  but  continuous  with  it,  and  stands  above  the 
stigma,  the  pollen  masses  having  their  points  directed  to 
the  base  of  the  lobes  of  the  anther. 

In  others  (Arethusea)  the  anther  is  hinged  to  the  col- 
umn, upon  the  end  of  which  it  is  placed  transversely  like 
a  lid. 

And  finally  in  others  (Neotteoe)  it  is  also  hinged  to  the 
column,  but  is  placed  at  its  back  so  as  to  be  nearly  par- 
allel with  the  stigmatic  surface. 

If  to  these  three  we  add  the  Cypripedea^  which  has 
two  anthers  while  all  the  others  have  one  only,  we  find 
the  order  divided  into  seven  tribes,  of  which  the  follow- 
ing is  a  tabular  view. 

A  TABULAR  VIEW  OF   THE  TRIBES  OF  ORCHIDACE^. 
I.  Anther  one  only. 

A.  Pollen  masses  waxy. 

a.  No  caudicula  or  separable  stigmatic  gland. 
TRIBE  I.     MALAXED  OR  MALAXIDE^E. 

b.  A    distinct    caudicula,   but   no    separable 

stigmatic  gland. 
TRIBE  II.     EPIDENDRE^E. 

C.  A  distinct  caudicula  united  to  a  deciduous 
stigmatic  gland. 
TRIBE  III.     VANDE^E. 


CLASSIFICA  TION.  39 

B.  Pollen  powdery,  granular,  or  sectile. 

a.  Anther  terminal,  erect. 

TRIBE  IV.     OPHRE^E,  OR  OPHRYDE^E. 

b.  Anther  terminal,  opercular. 

TRIBE  V.     ARETHUSE^E. 

c.  Anther  dorsal. 

TRIBE  VI.     NEOTTEJE. 

II.  Anthers  two. 

TRIBE  VII.     CYPRIPEDE.E. 

From  this  general  view  of  the  classification  of  Dr. 
Lindley,  any  cultivator  can  easily  ascertain  to  which  of 
the  tribes  any  Orchid  which  may  bloom  in  his  collection 
belongs. 

Each  of  these  tribes  subdivides  itself  into  a  greater  or 
less  number  of  species,  the  determination  of  each  of 
which  demands  a  special  study  of  individual  peculiari- 
ties. 

The  geographical  distribution  of  these  different  tribes 
is  interesting  as  illustrating  the  remarks  in  former  chap- 
ters. 

By  reference  to  the  following  table  we  shall  see  that 
the  greater  proportion  of  the  tribes  Vandecz  and  Epiden- 
dretz  are  found  in  the  Indian  Archipelago  and  in  tropical 
America ;  it  is  in  these  two  tribes,  we  must  remember, 
that  the  Epiphytal  Orchids  mostly  range  themselves  ;  the 
European  and  North  American  species  being  confined  to 
three  in  the  former  tribe,  and  two  in  the  latter.  On  the 
other  hand,  the  terrestrial  species,  which  are  mostly  found 
in  the  tribes  Ophrea,  Arethusea,  and  Neottece,  are  sparsely 
represented  in  the  Indian  Archipelago  and  tropical 


40 


ORCHIDS. 


North  Africa. 

1         1         1        £>       1        N        1 

c? 

Africa  within  the 
Tropics. 

Ov        1         O\      VO         1          1          1 

5t 

Mauritius,  etc. 

N         N          CO        CO        ""*         N           ' 

^ 

South  Africa. 

i      i     2    £     i      i      i 

South  America 
beyond  the  Tropics. 

1    1     1    *>    ~    *-    1 

^ 

America  within  the 
Tropics. 

•<$•         i-.           ON          CO         N           ON 

BN 

South  Sea  Islands. 

2     i     N     i      i      M     i 

CO 

HI 

New  Holland. 

0         ,         "->       M        to      £.        , 

I 

Japan. 

^         w          CO         C^          CO          |            W 

\? 

China. 

o      •«*•     M      co      |       ^i 

CO 

Indian  Archipelago. 

d        \O         ON        f^»        ON      CO         »-< 

U->           I-H              O                                                 N 

N 

M 
CO 

Ceylon. 

^    *    .t     ^     '      2      i 

VO 

Continent  of  India. 

Tj-                                 Tj-             hH                                   1-1                 1 

g. 

Northern  India  and 
Nepaul. 

VO         00         OO         OO          i-O         M          CO 
i_r>                   LO        ^"                   »^ 

ON 
00 

North  America. 

•<f       N        N        CJ       oo        ON       ON 

VO 

CO 

Siberia  and  North- 
ern Asia. 

Ci         |         •-•       OO        M       \o        •<$• 

4 

Europe. 

co        ,         M       £»      in       M        e, 

M 

Number  of  species 
described. 

O         CO        t^.        ON       OO         O         co 
oo       10      oo        if       '"'        r^       N 

1 

3 

3 

H 

h 
o 

fc 

'  I  :  :  «  '  s 

1   |   1   i   I   1   I 

1   I  I   1  1   1   1 

TOTAL  . 

CLASSIFICA  TION.  4 1 

America  (except  Neottea,  which  is  plentifully  distributed 
through  both)  and  are  abundant  in  Europe,  North  Amer- 
ica, and  even  have  twenty-eight  representatives  from 
Ophrecz  in  Siberia,  which  class  also  gives  one  hundred 
and  thirty-five  species  to  South  Africa ;  the  tribe  Are- 
thusece  is  very  largely  represented  in  New  Holland,  there 
being  no  less  than  one  hundred  and  fifteen  species. 

It  must,  however,  be  stated  that  this  tabular  view  of 
Dr.  Lindley  is  by  no  means  complete ;  the  number  of 
species  has  largely  increased,  especially  in  the  three 
tribes  Malaxecz,  Epidendrece,  and  Vandecz.  We  give  it  as 
the  best  that  has  yet  been  presented. 


GOODYERA  MACRANTHA. 


CHAPTER   IV. 

COLLECTION  AND   TRANSPORTATION. 

AS  much  depends  upon  the  care  used  in  the  collection 
of  Orchids,  and  as  the  most  healthy  plants  may  be 
ruined  by  careless  packing  and  transportation,  a  chapter 
on  these  subjects  may  not  be  out  of  place.  It  is  easy  to 
collect  Orchids  which  grow  on  the  ground  or  on  the  lower 
branches  of  trees.  Those  in  healthy  and  vigorous  con- 
dition should  be  selected,  as  offering  the  greatest  chances 
of  exportation  in  a  living  state.  All,  which  by  their  foliage 
appear  to  be  of  different  species,  should  be  collected,  for 
unless  the  plants  are  in  bloom  no  judgment  can  be  formed 
of  what  the  flower  will  be,  and  the  foliage  is  no  criterion 
of  excellence,  many  Orchids  with  insignificant  foliage  pro- 
ducing the  most  gorgeous  flowers. 

It  is  not  easy  to  collect  Orchids  which  grow  upon  the 
lofty  trees,  where  their  presence  is  only  known  by  the 
brilliancy  of  the  flowers,  or  their  powerful  perfume.  To 
climb  them, is  almost  impossible,  on  account  of  the  height, 
and  not  unattended  with  danger  because  of  the  poisonous 
snakes  which  frequently  lurk  in  the  crotches  of  the 
branches,  or  hide  in  the  hollows  of  the  trunk. 

The  only  means  of  getting  them  is  to  cut  down  the 
tree,  which  is  by  no  means  an  easy  task ;  the  wood  is  like 
iron,  and  turns  the  edge  of  the  best  tempered  axe ;  this, 
together  with  the  immensity  of  the  tree,  presents  almost 
insuperable  obstacles  to  collectors.  When,  however,  the 


COLLECTION  AND    TRANSPORTATION.  43 

tree  has  once  fallen,  the  fall  dislodges  the  reptiles  which 
may  have  harbored  there,  and  the  plants  can  then  be 
collected  without  danger.  The  collection,  however,  calls 
for  care  and  precaution  ;  if  the  branches  on  which  the 
plants  are  should  be  broken  or  rotten,  the  mass  of  the 
plant  should  be  detached,  breaking  or  bruising  the  roots 
as  little  as  possible.  If  the  branch  is  sound,  it  may  be 
cut  on  each  side  of  the  plant,  taking  care  to  leave  suf- 
cient  wood  for  its  growth  on  its  arrival.  It  is  noticeable 
that  plants,  which  in  our  stoves  are  still  grown  on  the 
same  branch  on  which  they  naturally  grew,  are  more 
vigorous,  flower  oftener,  and  give  stronger  spikes  of 
bloom,  and  better  flowers,  than  those  which  have  been 
changed.  Where  the  plants  grow  on  branches  too  large 
and  heavy  for  removal,  the  bark,  with  the  plant  attached, 
may  be  removed,  or  a  portion  of  the  branch  sawed  off. 

The  roots  of  the  plant  should,  in  every  case,  be  pre- 
served as  far  as  possible,  and  should  not  be  detached 
from  the  bark  or  wood.  The  mosses  and  other  little 
plants  which  grow  with  the  Orchids  should  in  no  case  be 
removed  from  them ;  they  help  to  keep  the  plants  in 
good  condition  during  the  voyage  of  importation,  and  are 
in  themselves  often  valuable  additions  to  our  stove  plants : 
in  this  way  many  interesting  Begonias,  Ferns,  and  Brome- 
lias  have  been  imported. 

It  is  important  that  collectors  should  use  all  possible 
discrimination  in  the  selection  of  plants,  and  as  far  as 
possible  ascertain  the  character  of  the  flower,  though,  as 
we  have  said,  none  should  be  discarded  because  the 
flower  is  unknown.  The  species  most  desirable  for  our 
hot-houses  are  those  with  brilliant  flowers,  but  many  with 
insignificant  bloom  may  be  most  interesting  to  the  botan- 


44  ORCHIDS. 

1st;  these  should  be  preserved  in  herbaria,  and  notes 
taken  of  their  peculiarities  of  growth  and  location,  in 
order,  as  far  as  possible,  to  aid  in  their  classification. 
The  points  which  should  be  especially  observed  are  the 
size  and  the  form  of  the  flower,  the  color  of  the  perianth 
and  labellum,  the  number  of  flowers,  the  height  of  the 
flower  stalk,  the  point  from  which  it  springs,  whether  the 
base,  the  middle,  or  the  top  of  the  pseudo-bulbs,  the 
form  and  disposition  of  the  leaves,  the  shape  of  the  bulbs 
and  their  markings,  and  finally,  any  other  peculiarity  which 
may  attract  attention. 

The  woods  or  places  where  the  plants  occur  should  be 
noted,  whether  more  or  less  shady,  warm  or  cool,  the 
temperature  by  day  and  night,  and  whether  wet  or  dry. 
All  this  information  is  valuable  to  those  who  receive  the 
plants,  as  thereby  they  are  enabled  to  adapt  their  culture 
to  the  requirements  of  the  plant. 

A  collection  once  made  should  be  forwarded  as  soon 
as  possible.  There  are  many  modes  of  packing,  of  which 
the  most  simple  is  to  envelop  the  plants  in  moss,  pack- 
ing them  tight  in  a  basket.  This  method,  however,  has 
but  little  chance  of  success,  only  the  hardier  Orchids  sur- 
viving the  voyage,  most  plants  dying  from  want  of  mois- 
ture. 

They  are  often  sent  in  wooden  boxes,  instead  of  bas- 
kets, with  a  few  holes  bored  for  air ;  these  retain  moisture 
longer  than  the  baskets,  and  about  a  fourth  of  the  plants 
survive.  Importations  made  in  close  wooden  cases,  the 
seams  of  which  have  been  tarred,  arrive  safely,  if  the 
passage,  is  not  very  long.  Where  the  plants  have  been 
carefully  packed,  wrapped  in  moss,  the  decayed  and  in- 
jured bulbs  removed,  and  the  plants  placed  on  openwork 


COLLECTION  AND    TRANSPORTATION.  45 

of  bars  running  across  the  case,  the  results  have  been 
most  satisfactory. 

Where  moss  cannot  be  procured,  it  is  better  to  use 
shavings  than  either  hay  or  straw ;  if  the  plants  should 
start  into  growth  during  the  voyage,  the  young  'roots 
would  attach  themselves  to  the  shavings.  The  best  way, 
however,  to  import  Orchids,  is  in  glass  cases. 

The  larger  plants  are  placed  on  the  bottom  of  the  case, 
and  are  held  firmly  by  brass  wire,  nails  are  driven  into 
the  sides  of  the  frame  and  the  span  roof,  to  which  plants 
are  suspended :  all  nails  and  wire  should  be  of  brass  or 
copper,  as  iron  rusts.  Care  must  be  taken  that  the  plants 
do  not  rub  against  each  other,  which  is  easily  prevented 
by  securing  each  one  with  wire. 

These  cases  must  be  made  perfectly  air-tight ;  all  joints 
should  be  hermetically  sealed.  On  arrival,  care  should 
be  taken  to  not  expose  the  plants  too  suddenly  to  the 
external  air.  There  are  many  Orchids  of  very  small  size 
and  delicate  growth,  such,  for  instance,  as  Cortiparcttia, 
Sophronitis,  Burlingtonia.  These  should  be  sewed  in  a 
mat,  and  lightly  covered  with  moss.  The  mat,  so  dis- 
posed as  to  bring  the  layers  of  plants  one  above  the 
other,  is  placed  in  a  glass  case,  and  it  is  seldom  the  plants 
do  not  arrive  in  good  condition. 

When  very  large  masses  of  bulbs  are  to  be  sent,  it  is 
better  to  pack  them  in  a  basket,  fixing  them  in  position 
with  bars  of  wood,  tying  the  pseudo-bulbs  strongly  to- 
gether, packing  moss  between  to  prevent  them  from 
touching  each  other. 

The  moss  used  should  always  be  dry ;  if  green  or  wet 
it  causes  the  plants  to  rot,  and  almost  always  destroys 
them. 


46 


ORCHIDS. 


Before  packing  the  plants,  they  should  be  carefully  ex- 
amined j  it  is  necessary  to  remove  all  decaying  or  injured 
bulbs,  and  also  to  dislodge  any  insects  that  may  lurk 
among  the  plants,  and  which  would  during  the  voyage 
live'  upon  the  new  roots  and  young  shoots  ;  this  precau- 
tion is  too  often  neglected. 

Orchids  should  not  be  packed  until  the  time  for  em- 
barking them  ;  their  stay  in  the  cases  is  a  period  of  forced 
repose,  and  should  be  made  as  short  as  possible.  The 
cases  should  be  placed  in  a  light  and  convenient  place  so 
they  can  be  removed  on  arrival  without  delay. 

The  insects  most  injurious  to  Orchids  during  the  voy- 
age are  cockroaches,  which  swarm  in  every  ship ;  one  ben- 
efit derived  from  hermetically  sealed  cases  is  the  perfect 
safety  from  these  insects,  and  the  exclusion  of  the  salt  air, 
which  seems  fatal  to  Orchids. 


CATTLEYA  ACKLANDI/B. 


CHAPTER  V. 

TREATMENT   OF    NEWLY    IMPORTED    ORCHIDS. 

AS  soon  as  the  plants  are  unpacked  from  the  cases, 
they  should  be  placed  in  a  shady  part  of  the  Orchid 
house ;  not  at  once  in  great  heat,  but  where  the  tempera- 
ture is  moderately  warm  and  where  they  will  not  be  ex- 
posed to  draughts  of  air,  for  having  been  so  long  confined 
in  close  cases,  any  immediate  exposure  to  atmospheric 
changes  would  prove  injurious.  It  is  a  good  plan  to 
cover  them  with  an  awning,  in  order  to  guard  against  too 
much  light. 

It  is  not  best  to  unpack  the  cases  in  the  Orchid  house, 
for  almost  always  cockroaches  will  have  found  their  way 
into  the  cases,  and  these  once  domesticated  in  an  Orchid 
house  are  with  difficulty  extirpated.  Every  portion  of 
the  plants  should  be  carefully  sponged  to  remove  scale, 
with  which  Orchids  are  much  infected.  All  withered, 
decayed,  and  dead  roots  and  pseudo-bulbs  should  be 
removed  with  a  sharp  knife.  Where  large  plants  are 
received,  they  are  often  incumbered  with  masses  of  long, 
tangled  roots ;  these  should  be  carefully  disentangled  by 
hand  and  the  dead  portions  removed,  care  being  taken 
not  to  bruise  the  living  parts  or  the  young  spongioles 
which  often  shoot  out  from  old  roots. 

Care  must  also  be  taken  not  to  injure  the  eyes,  which 
may  have  developed  at  the  base  of  the  last  year's  bulbs, 
or  to  bruise  any  tender  foliage. 


48  ORCHIDS. 

The  living  roots  of  Orchids  are  green  within  ;  as  soon 
as  they  die  they  become  soft,  and  the  thread  (so  to  speak) 
running  through  the  middle  grows  hard  and  woody  •  thus 
it  is  easy  to  tell  what  portions  should  be  removed.  Any 
roots  entirely  dead  should  be  cut  off  close  to  the  base  of 
the  pseudo-bulbs. 

Where  the  plants  are  very  large,  they  may  often  be 
divided  to  advantage,  but  it  is  not  best  to  attempt  this  be- 
fore they  show  signs  of  growth.  Should  the  plants,  how- 
ever, be  so  large  as  to  be  unmanageable  and  the  future 
eyes  be  developed,  it  may  be  well  to  divide  into  as  many 
plants  as  there  are  eyes.  This,  however,  will  be  seldom 
done  by  the  amateur,  for  it  is  his  object  to  have  large  and 
fine  specimens,  but  must  be  resorted  to  by  florists  who 
wish  a  stock  for  sale.  The  plants  obtained  from  florists 
are  generally  so  small  that  a  growth  of  a  dozen  years  is 
necessary  to  make  a  specimen,  and  the  flower  of  a  small 
plant  gives  but  little  idea  of  the  magnificent  effect  pro- 
duced by  a  specimen. 

It  not  unfrequently  happens  that  the  upper  part  of  a 
pseudo-bulb  is  decayed  while  the  lower  is  sound  and 
has  healthy  eyes  at  the  base.  In  this  case  the  diseased 
portions  may  be  cut  away  without  injury  to  the  plant,  and 
frequently  the  shoots  developed  from  a  plant  thus  treated 
are  stronger  and  more  healthy  than  those  from  sound 
bulbs. 

It  is  not  necessary  that  the  pseudo-bulbs  should  have 
leaves ;  these  are  frequently  lost  in  importation,  and  if 
the  bulb  is  ripe,  the  health  of  the  plant  or  its  power  to 
produce  eyes  are  not  visibly  affected  ;  all  bulbs,  however, 
which  are  alive  and  sound  should  be  preserved,  as  they 
are  most  necessary  to  the  plant. 


TREATMENT  OF  IMPORTED   ORCHIDS.          49 

In  separating  large  masses  of  bulbs,  three  or  four 
pseudo-bulbs  at  least  should  be  given  to  each  new  plant, 
the  newest  of  which  will  always  have  the  eye  for  the  new 
growth.  These  old  bulbs  are  necessary  for  the  nourish- 
ment of  the  new  growth,  and  from  them  we  may  often 
cause  eyes  to  break  forth  and  thus  form  a  fine  specimen. 

Even  if  a  pseudo-bulb  appears  dead,  and  if  the  roots 
are  all  gone,  if  it  is  at  all  green  and  without  decay,  it 
should  not  be  cast  aside,  for  it  may  produce  eyes  under 
careful  treatment. 

With  such  plants  as  Epidendrums,  Lelias,  and  Cattleyas, 
the  top  of  the  bulb  is  often  dead,  but  the  bottom  fresh 
and  in  good  health.  If  after  removing  the  dead  or  de- 
cayed portions  we  can  save  even  a  small  part  of  the  bulb, 
we  need  not  despair  of  the  formation  of  a  new  plant. 

Some  Orchids,  as  Huntleya  for  example,  have  no  pseu- 
do-bulbs ;  if  the  leaves  of  such  have  fallen  off  during  the 
voyage,  the  crown  with  living  roots  attached  must  be 
carefully  preserved ;  even  if  it  appears  dead  it  will  gen- 
erally produce  a  new  shoot. 

Sometimes  we  receive  large  masses  of  plants  with  large 
pseudo-bulbs,  such  as  Onddium,  Zygopetalum,  Peristeria, 
and  Odontoglossum,  where  the  whole  lower  part  of  the 
bulbs  is  decayed  ;  in  such  cases  all  the  rotten  or  diseased 
portions  should  be  cut  away  and  the  plants  placed  in  the 
Orchid  house  either  on  a  shelf  or  potted.  Smaller  bulbs 
will  not  unfrequently  form  on  the  top  of  the  old  bulbs, 
throw  out  roots,  and  derive  nourishment  from  the  rest  of 
the  bulb,  and  in  time  make  good  plants. 

When  the  plants  are  thus  all  clean,  they  should  be  laid 
in  dry  moss  or  sand  in  a  rather  cool  and  dry  part  of  the 
house  and  shaded  as  we  have  said.  The  moss  or  sand 
4 


5O  ORCHIDS. 

should  be  gradually  moistened,  and  when  the  plants  be- 
gin to  grow  and  make  roots,  they  should  be  potted  or  put 
on  blocks  or  in  baskets ;  but  care  must  be  taken  not  to 
have  the  pots  too  large,  as  over-potting  is  dangerous. 

As  soon  as  they  begin  to  grow  those  which  come  from 
the  hotter  parts  of  India  should  be  put  at  the  warmest 
end  of  the  house ;  but  they  should  not  have  too  much 
moisture  at  first.  Those  which  come  from  more  temper- 
ate regions  should  be  kept  at  the  coolest  part  of  the 
house,  care  being  taken  not  to  allow  any  drip  to  fall  upon 
them,  which  frequently  rots  the  young  shoots  as  soon  as 
they  appear. 

Such  plants  as  Vandas,  Saccolabiums,  Aerides,  Angrcecums, 
Phalanopses,  should  be  fastened  on  blocks  as  soon  as 
they  are  received,  and  so  placed  that  the  plants  hang 
downward  in  order  that  no  water  may  lodge  about  them 
till  they  begin  to  grow  and  form  new  roots. 

In  fine,  the  treatment  is  to  keep  the  plants  without 
excitement  until  they  show  signs  of  growth,  then  to  stim- 
ulate gently  until  the  growth  is  developing,  then  pot  and 
treat  as  old  established  plants. 


CHAPTER  VI. 

THE   ORCHID    HOUSE. 

THE  construction  of  the  house  is  a  most  important 
part  of  Orchid  culture.  The  first  conditions  to  be 
secured  for  the  health  and  growth  of  the  plants  are  a 
moist  and  warm  atmosphere,  and  the  house  must  be  built 
with  a  special  view  to  this  end. 

We  often  see  collections  of  Orchids  in  greenhouses, 
where  all  the  requisites  for  their  growth  are  wanting, 
crowded  with  greenhouse  plants,  drenched  at  one  time 
with  water  and  then  again  allowed  to  dry  up,  subjected  to 
cold  draughts  of  air  and  exposed  to  a  burning  sun.  Is 
it  a  wonder  they  never  thrive?  that  year  by  year  they 
dwindle  and  die  till  at  last  only  a  few  of  the  hardiest  spe- 
cies such  as  Ontidiums,  Stanhopeas,  and  Peristerias  survive, 
and  these  weak  and  sickly  ;  and  if  they  bloom  at  all  they 
throw  up  such  weak  spikes  of  bloom  that  the  owner  in 
despair  throws  away  the  whole  collection.  The  failure  is 
not  surprising ;  Orchids  cannot  be  grown  successfully 
with  other  plants,  though  in  an  Orchid  house  many  of 
the  beautiful  variegated  leaved  plants,  which  like  Orchids 
require  a  moist  heat,  may  be  grown  with  perfect  success, 
and  a  collection  of  hot-house  ferns  adds  to  the  Orchid 
house  the  foliage  Orchids  often  want. 

Orchids  must  then  have  a  house  to  themselves.  This 
need  not,  however,  be  a  separate  building ;  a  portion  of 
the  greenhouse  divided  off  by  a  glass  partition  in  which 


52  ORCHIDS. 

the  requisite  heat  can  be  obtained,  will  answer  perfectly 
well  for  most  Orchids,  and  the  plants  may  be  rested  in 
the  greenhouse. 

To  grow  Orchids  with  perfect  success  and  where  there 
is  a  large  collection,  we  need  three  separate  houses  or 
apartments,  —  the  Stove  or  East  Indian  House,  the  Inter- 
mediate or  Mexican  House,  and  the  Resting  House. 

The  best  aspect  for  an  Orchid  house  is  north  and 
south,  that  is,  if  span-roofed,  the  house  should  run  east 
and  west ;  if  the  house  is  "  lean-to  "  let  it  face  the  south- 
east. 

There  has  been  much  difference  of  opinion  in  regard 
to  the  adaptation  of  lean-to  houses  to  Orchids.  In  Eng- 
land and  the  continent  all  the  most  successful  growers 
use  span-roofed  houses,  and  we  have  no  hesitation  in 
pronouncing  them  better  adapted  to  the  growth  of  the 
plants.  The  one  argument  in  favor  of  lean-to  houses 
which  is  of  any  weight  is,  that  they  are  more  easily  kept 
at  the  necessary  temperature,  which  in  our  cold  winters 
it  is  difficult  to  preserve.  If  however,  we  make  our 
houses  low,  and  an  Orchid  house  should  be  only  about 
thirteen  feet  high,  a  span-roofed  house  is  easily  heated. 

A  small  house  may  be  from  thirty  to  fifty  feet  in  length 
by  twelve  feet  wide  (or  if  span-roofed  double  this  width). 
It  should  be  built  like  a  pit,  the  floor  of  the  house  being 
about  three  feet  below  the  level  of  the  ground.  The  walls 
should  be  brick  or  stone  as  high  as  the  ground  surface ; 
on  this  a  heavy  frame  should  be  laid,  and  then  sashes 
with  heavy  uprights  reach  to  the  frame  supporting  the 
roof;  the  whole  height  from  the  ground  inside  to  the 
slope  of  the  roof  should  be  about  six  feet.  The  whole  of 
the  front  wall  is  often  built  of  brick,  which  possesses 


THE  ORCHID  HOUSE.  53 

many  advantages,  the  only  objection  being  the  obstruc- 
tion of  light.  The  pitch  of  the  roof  should  be  30°  to  33°, 
The  glazing  should  be  close,  the  larger  the  plates  the 
better,  but  they  should  not  be  above  a  foot  in  width.  The 
northerly  end  should  always  be  of  brick  work  as  being 
warmer  and  affording  a  convenient  place  for  the  growth 
of  climbing  ferns  and  small  Orchids.  The  southerly  end 
should  be  glazed  with  smaller  glass  than  the  roof,  say 
twelve  to  fifteen  inches  long  by  eight  or  twelve  wide. 
In  a  lean-to  house  the  back  wall  should  be  of  brick,  as 
being  more  durable,  but  wood  may  be  used. 

A  table  about  a  foot  wide  should  extend  along  the 
front  of  the  house.  The  pathway  should  be  two  or  three 
feet  wide,  along  the  side  of  the  house,  if  a  lean-to ;  if  a 
span-roof,  it  may  be  through  the  centre,  with  broad  tables 
on  each  side,  or,  as  we  consider  the  best  and  most  effec- 
tive arrangement,  a  wide  table  may  run  all  around  the 
house,  and  the  walk  may  be  all  round  a  wide  central 
table.  The  side  tables  may  be  about  three  feet  high ;  the 
centre  should  be  a  little  lower  if  intended  for  large  plants. 
Arrangements  should  be  made  for  a  large  tank  in  the 
centre  of  the  central  table. 

In  the  Orchid  house  at  Glen  Ridge,  the  shelves  are  of 
galvanized  iron  wire  netting  strained  to  angle  irons  and 
supported  by  iron  standards  fixed  in  the  cement  of  the 
floor ;  these  shelves  are  over  the  hot-water  pipes,  and  are 
covered  with  sphagnum  moss,  on  which  the  pots  are 
placed.  The  moss  is  kept  moist  and  thus  a  gentle  warm 
moisture  is  always  rising  round  the  plants.  Close  to  the 
glass,  shelves  of  heavy  plate  glass  are  fitted,  which  afford 
an  admirable  place  for  small  Orchids  or  small  pots.  The 
central  table  is  of  gray  stone  brick  with  marble  capping, 


54  ORCHIDS. 

and  contains  three  tanks,  the  water  of  which  is  kept  at 
different  temperatures  by  hot  water  pipes.  In  these 
tanks  the  blue  and  red  water-lilies  (Nympkcea  ccerulea 
and  Devoniana)  grow  and  bloom  profusely.  The  ends 
of  the  house  are  of  coarse  brick,  wire  netted ;  the  space 
between  the  brick  and  the  wire  is  filled  with  sphagnum  in 
which  ferns,  Pothos,  ^Eschynanthus,  Ctssus,  and  Vanilla 
grow  luxuriantly ;  so  the  whole  forms  a  wall  of  graceful 
green.  In  the  whole  house  there  is  nothing  that  can  de- 
cay from  moisture :  all  is  brick,  iron,  glass,  or  cement. 

Ventilation  should  be  afforded  by  openings  in  the  front 
wall  and  sliding  sashes  in  the  roof ;  but  care  should  al- 
ways be  taken  to  allow  the  air  to  pass  over  a  heated  sur- 
face before  coming  in  contact  with  the  plants.  If  we  do 
not  wish  to  paint  or  wash  the  glass,  it  will  be  necessary  to 
provide  a  canvas  awning  so  arranged  as  to  be  spread 
and  removed  at  pleasure.  It  is  also  well  in  our  more 
northern  States  to  have  wooden  shutters  fitted  to  the  out- 
side of  the  roof  for  the  protection  of  the  plants  in  cold 
winter  nights. 

A  potting  room  should  be  provided  connected  with  the 
house  and  heated  in  order  that  the  plants  when  removed 
to  it  may  not  be  chilled. 

A  larger  house  may  be  built  on  the  same  plan,  only 
taking  care  not  to  increase  the  height.  Orchids  never  do 
well  in  a  high  house.  The  interior  arrangements  may 
vary  considerably  according  to  the  taste  or  fancy  of  the 
owner. 

The  material  used  for  greenhouses  is  usually  wood, 
but  where  it  can  conveniently  be  obtained,  iron  is  far  bet- 
ter. A  house  made  of  brick,  iron,  and  glass  would  last  an 
indefinite  time  and  beyond  an  occasional  coat  of  paint 


THE   ORCHID  HOUSE.  55 

and  the  replacing  any  broken  glass  would  need  no  re- 
pairs. The  constant  moisture  of  an  Orchid  house  rots 
wood-work  very  quickly,  and  a  wooden  house  always  af- 
fords many  safe  lurking-places  for  noisome  insects.  The 
only  advantage  of  a  wooden  house  is  that  the  moisture 
condenses  less  rapidly. 

Where  the  rafters  are  all  made  of  iron,  the  condensa- 
tion is  very  great,  and  the  continual  dropping  may  injure 
the  plants ;  but  by  making  a  small  groove  in  each  sash  bar 
to  allow  the  water  to  run  down  to  the  bottom  of  the  bar, 
where  a  small  zinc  gutter  may  be  provided  to  receive  it, 
this  objection  is  removed.  Even  in  a  wooden  house  it  is 
a  good  plan  to  channel  the  sash  bars  and  provide  in  the 
same  manner  for  carrying  off  the  water. 

Unless  we  design  to  have  a  number  of  houses  for  Or- 
chid culture,  it  is  best  to  divide  the  house  in  the  middle 
by  a  glass  partition  ;  this  will  give  us  two  houses,  one  for 
Orchids  which  come  from  the  warmer  parts  of  India,  near 
the  heating  apparatus,  and  the  other  for  those  which 
come  from  cooler  climates  and  which  require  less  heat 
and  moisture. 

INTERIOR    ARRANGEMENT. 

The  tables  around  the  sides  of  the  house  are  for  the 
smaller  pots.  A  slight  trellis-work  fastened  to  any  back 
or  side  wall  is  useful  for  such  plants  as  Vanilla  and  Ren- 
anthera ;  it  should  be  set  out  a  few  inches  from  the  wall, 
in  order  that  the  roots  of  the  plants  may  not  be  chilled  by 
a  cold  surface. 

In  the  arrangement  of  plants  care  should  be  taken  to 
place  the  largest  and  tallest  growers  in  the  centre  of  the 
table,  and  to  grade  down  the  plants  to  the  sides,  as  thus 


56  ORCHIDS. 

a  symmetrical  effect  is  produced.  Some  growers  prefer 
stages  or  shelves,  but  the  arrangement  on  tables  seems 
preferable  to  all  others. 

The  tables  are  often  made  hollow  and  filled  in  with 
moss  or  sand,  through  which  a  heating  pipe  passes,  thus 
giving  a  gentle  bottom  heat ;  the  plants  are  either  placed 
on  the  moss  or  the  pots  plunged  in  it.  Some  plants 
grow  most  luxuriantly  under  this  treatment.  Of  course  it 
is  necessary  to  keep  the  moss  constantly  wet. 

The  tables  should  be  of  brick  or  slate  laid  on  cement, 
or,  as  we  prefer,  of  galvanized  wire  as  in  the  house  at 
Glen  Ridge.  Cisterns  for  water  should  be  provided, 
supplied  with  rain-water  from  the  roof  of  the  house ; 
these  should  be  warmed  by  the  heating  pipes  being 
carried  under  them.  A  good  place  for  these  cisterns  is 
all  along  the  sides  of  the  house ;  then  the  pipes  can  run 
under  them  the  whole  length,  and  a  shelf  for  plants  may 
be  placed  on  top  of  them.  The  best  material  for  table  is 
slate  or  wire  ;  the  best  for  floors  is  soft  flagging  which 
will  hold  moisture,  or  cement. 

All  tables  should  be  so  arranged  as  to  hold  water  or 
wet  moss  ;  the  pots  should  be  placed  on  pebbles  or  moss, 
in  the  water  during  summer,  but  in  winter  the  shelves 
should  be  dry. 

Plants  in  baskets  or  hanging  pots  should  be  suspended 
to  the  rafters  over  the  walks,  as  thus  no  drip  comes  upon 
plants  below.  The  accompanying  plate  represents  a  very 
neat  and  convenient  contrivance  for  suspending  these 
plants.  It  should  be  made  of  iron,  galvanized,  and  is 
so  arranged  that  the  plant  may  be  turned  round  without 
removing  it  from  the  rafter. 

A  very  pretty  effect  may  be  produced  in  an  Orchid 


THE   ORCHID  HOUSE.  57 

house  by  entirely  dispensing  with  shelves,  staging,  and 
tables,  and  fixing  in  the  ground  large  branch- 
ing trunks  of  trees  with  the  bark  on.  The 
Orchids  are  fastened  to  these,  nestle  on  the 
forks,  climbing  ferns  and  tropical  plants  are 
twined  round  the  trunk,  and  terrestrial  plants 
may  be  made  to  grow  in  the  hollows  of  the 
trunk,  and  thus  the  interior  of  the  house  may 
resemble  a  tropical  forest.  The  plants  suc- 
ceed perfectly  under  this  treatment,  and  the 
effect  produced  is  charming. 

This  mode  of  culture,  however,  requires  great 
care,  as  the  plants  are  thus  more  exposed  to 
the  attacks  of  insects  and  being  fixed  in  posi- 
tion cannot,  at  the  resting  season,  be  removed 
to  the  cooler  house. 

However  the  plants  are  arranged  they  should 
not  be  allowed  to  touch  or  rub  each  other; 
there  is  nothing  gained  by  crowding,  but  both 
the  health  of  the  plant  and  the  general  effect 
may  be  destroyed.  It  is  better  to  grow  a  dozen  plants 
well  than  a  hundred  poorly,  and  free  light  and  air  are 
essential  to  the  health  of  Orchids. 

HEATING. 

There  is  nothing  better  for  heating  an  Orchid  house 
than  hot  water.  The  heat  thus  obtained  is  more  equal, 
moister,  and  less  exposes  the  plants  to  a  change  of  tem- 
perature, than  either  steam  or  hot  air.  In  these  two  latter 
methods  the  pipes  lose  their  heat  as  soon  as  the  fire  goes 
out,  while  in  the  former,  the  heat  is  retained  for  several 
hours.  A  proper  regulation  of  the  heat  is  one  of  the  req- 
uisites for  the  successful  cultivation  of  Orchids. 


58  ORCHIDS. 

During  the  winter  season,  the  greater  proportion  of  the 
plants  are  at  rest ;  it  is  not  therefore  necessary  to  main- 
tain a  high  .temperature.  When  the  sun  is  in  position 
to  warm  the  houses,  the  heat  should  be  slackened  in  the 
pipes,  but  should  be  again  turned  on  just  before  the  sun 
leaves  the  houses. 

It  is  well  to  begin  to  put  fires  in  the  Orchid  houses 
about  the  middle  of  September,  for  then  the  nights  are 
cold ;  but  at  this  time  also  the  supply  of  moisture  should 
be  reduced.  In  summer  fire  is  only  needed  during  long, 
cold  storms.  During  the  winter  months,  until  the  end  of 
February,  the  heat  should  be  rather  dry  than  moist,  and 
never  excessive. 

It  is  advantageous  to  have  open  water  pans  or  basins, 
through  which  hot-water  pipes  pass,  which  give  out  vapor, 
which  is  beneficial  to  the  plants.  The  water  in  these 
pans  should  be  frequently  renewed,  as  thus  a  pure,  clean 
atmospheric  moisture  is  preserved.  Pipes  are  now  made 
with  these  basins  on  top. 

In  heating  with  hot  water,  three  rows  of  four-inch  pipe 
should  run  round  the  house,  and  two  round  each  centre 
table  inside  of  the  brick  work  on  which  the  table  rests,  or 
the  pipes  may  run  through  water  cisterns  which  will 
always  give  a  moist  heat,  and  in  cold  weather  or  the  rest- 
ing season  the  water  can  be  drawn  from  the  tanks  and  a 
dry  heat  obtained.  Small  ventilators,  made  to  open  and 
shut,  should  be  inserted  into  the  brick  work  of  the  tables 
on  each  side,  so  as  to  allow  heat  and  moisture  to  pass  into 
the  house  when  required.  There  should  be  means  pro- 
vided for  going  under  all  the  tables  by  means  of  little 
doors  in  order  to  examine  the^  pipes  if  at  any  time  they 
are  out  of  order. 


THE   ORCHID  HOUSE.  59 

A  brick  flue  may  be  used  for  heating,  with  pans  placed 
on  the  top  for  the  evaporation  of  water,  but  care  must 
be  taken  to  prevent  any  escape  of  smoke  or  gas  into  the 
house. 

VENTILATION   AND   TEMPERATURE. 

A  careful  system  of  ventilation  is  of  great  importance. 
Let  us  bestow  every  care  upon  Orchids,  all  will  be  in 
vain  if  we  allow  cold  air  to  pass  among  them :  the  plants 
will  not  thrive.  Ventilators  should  therefore  be  provided 
near  the  ground  in  the  front  wall  close  to  the  heating 
pipes  so  that  the  air  may  be  warmed  as  it  enters  the 
house ;  they  may  also  be  constructed  in  the  brick- work  at 
the  north  and  south  ends.  These  ventilating  spaces  may 
be  closed  by  wooden  shutters  or  by  sliding  slates  ;  they 
should  be  two  feet  long  and  one  foot  wide,  and  should  be 
left  every  twenty  feet ;  if  the  house  is  span-roofed  they 
should  be  on  each  side, 

If  the  top  lights  are  made  to  slide  or  rise,  any  ventila- 
tion desired  may  be  easily  afforded  ;  but  if  not,  ventilators 
should  be  placed  in  the  ends  of  the  house  near  the  roof, 
which  is  a  far  better  arrangement,  but  even  with  sliding 
sashes  the  ventilators  on  the  front  must  not  be  dispensed 
with.  As  a  general  rule  the  air  of  the  Orchid  house 
should  be  changed  once  a  day ;  this  is  best  done  by  ven- 
tilating into  other  houses ;  therefore  it  is  a  good  plan  to 
have  the  Orchid  house  a  central  house.  The  temperature 
should  be  about  50°  in  the  coldest  weather ;  if  allowed  to 
fall  much  lower  the  plants  will  be  chilled.  During  the 
season  of  rest,  which  with  most  Orchids  is  from  November 
to  February,  the  temperature  should  not  be  much  higher. 
This  season  of  rest  is  essential  to  the  production  of  a 


60  ORCHIDS. 

strong  growth  and  fine  flower.  If  the  same  heat  is 
always  maintained  and  constant  moisture  afforded,  the 
plants  will  continue  growing,  or  will  produce  weak  second 
growths  and  either  fail  to  flower  or  else  produce  weak 
and  few  blossoms. 

A  most  ready  way  to  secure  this  rest  is  to  remove  the 
East  Indian  Orchids  to  the  cooler  or  Mexican  house 
during  their  resting  season,  that  is,  after  they  have  per- 
fected their  growth,  and  again  to  remove  the  Mexican 
Orchids  to  the  greenhouse  during  their  resting  season. 

There  are  some  East  Indian  Orchids,  such  as  Phal&n- 
opses,  Aerides,  and  Vandas,  which  grow  perpetually ;  these 
should  always  be  kept  in  the  hottest  house,  but  the  heat 
should  be  somewhat  reduced  lest  the  plants  be  forced 
into  too  active  growth  or  bloom,  as  these  plants  often  kill 
themselves  by  over-flowering. 

The  temperature  thus  must  vary  greatly  at  the  different 
seasons  of  the  year  and  at  different  times  in  the  course 
of  the  twenty-four  hours. 

In  this  matter  of  temperature,  the  importance  of  "  live  " 
air  cannot  be  too  strongly  impressed  upon  the  Orchid- 
ist.  A  close,  dead  air  is  fatal  to  the  health  of  many 
plants.  Be  the  temperature  what  it  may,  the  air  should 
have  a  freshness  and  vitality.  We  know  Orchid  houses 
that  resemble  a  vapor  bath,  and  in  this  temperature  some 
plants  thrive,  but  it  is  unendurable  to  human  lungs,  and 
there  is  no  satisfaction  in  visiting  such  a  house.  The 
plants  do  not  need  it,  many  die  in  it,  and  all  will  thrive 
better,  make  sturdier  growth,  and  give  more  satisfaction, 
in  a  lower  and  fresher  temperature. 

In  the  Glen  Ridge  East  Indian  house,  one  can  spend 
hours  in  examining  the  plants  without  inconvenience 


THE   ORCHID  HOUSE. 


6l 


from  moist  dead  air,  and  the  growth  of  such  plants  as 
Vandas,  Saccolabiums,  Aerides,  and  Phalcenopses,  is  strong 
and  vigorous,  the  foliage  deep  dark  green,  and  the  flower 
far  finer  and  more  enduring  than  upon  plants  grown 
upon  the  steam  bath  principle. 

The  following  table  may  be  useful :  — 


INDIAN  HOUSE  OR  STOVE. 

FAHRENHEIT. 

Day  -with 
Sun. 

Day   with- 
out Sun. 

Night. 

Morning. 

55 
60 

55 
So 

55 
55 
5o 
45 

Sorinsr   • 

75 
85  to  90 
70 
65 

70 

75 
60 

55 

70 
70 

65 
60 

65 
65 

55 
5o 

60 

65 
60 

55 

60 
60 
5o 
5° 

Summer           .          .... 

Winter  

MEXICAN  OR  COOL  HOUSE. 

Spring 

Summer          

Autumn          .     .          .          . 

Winter  .    . 

CHAPTER  VII. 

SEASONS   OF    GROWTH   AND   REST. 

ORCHIDS,  like   all   other  plants,  have  seasons  of 
growth,  flowering,  and  rest. 

In  Orchid  culture,  great  care  should  be  given  to  make 
the  plants  observe  these  seasons ;  in  their  native  coun- 
tries the  change  is  produced  by  wet  and  dry  seasons ;  but 
if  in  our  Orchid  houses  we  keep  the  same  degree  of  heat 
and  moisture,  the  plants  will  continue  to  grow,  and  at  all 
seasons  will  put  forth  shoots  and  flowers.  The  result 
will  be,  the  exhaustion  of  the  plant,  which  will  give 
weaker  shoots  and  poorer  flowers,  and  finally  none  at 
all. 

At  the  close  of  the  resting  season,  the  time  for 
growth  will  always  be  indicated  by  the  pushing  forth  of 
the  new  shoots,  or  the  development  of  eyes.  It  is  then 
we  must  begin  watering,  and  must  increase  the  moisture 
according  to  the  growth.  This  is  the  season  to  remove 
plants  from  the  resting  house  to  the  stove. 

The  season  which  naturally  follows  that  of  growth, 
is  that  of  flowering,  but  we  see  certain  plants,  particu- 
larly those  of  the  Vanda  tribe,  send  forth  their  flower- 
stalks  at  the  time  of  the  formation  of  the  new  bulbs. 
This  is  the  case  with  Ontidiums,  Miltonias,  Odontoglos- 
sums,  Burlingtonias,  and  others.  The  increase  in  the 
quantity  of  moisture  afforded  should  always  be  gradual. 

When  the  pseudo-bulbs  and  foliage  have  reached  their 


SEASONS  OF   GROWTH  AND  XEST.  63 

full  development  is  with  most  plants  the  flowering  sea- 
son, and  usually  after  the  flowers  fade  comes  the  season 
of  rest.  The  plants  should  then  be  placed  in  the  resting 
house ;  that  is,  the  East  Indian  or  Stove  Orchids  be  re- 
moved to  the  Mexican  house,  and  the  Mexican  Orchids 
to  the  greenhouse.  Water  should  be  gradually  withheld, 
only  enough  being  given  to  prevent  the  roots  and  pseudo- 
bulbs  from  shriveling.  The  season  of  the  year  during 
which  the  plants  should  rest,  is  from  November  to  the 
middle  of  February.  There  are,  however,  some  plants 
which  will  not  conform  to  the  general  rule,  but  grow 
during  the  winter  months  ;  such  are  many  of  the  Aerifies, 
Vandas,  Saccolabiums,  Phalcznopses,  Zygopetalums,  and  sim- 
ilar species.  These  will  require  water  at  the  roots  to 
keep  them  in  growth,  but  care  should  be  taken  not  to 
wet  the  young  shoots,  for  they  are  apt  to  rot  at  this  sea- 
son of  the  year.  Those  that  are  growing  should  be 
placed  at  the  warmer  end  of  the  house. 

Certain  species  vary  from  the  general  rule :  this  is  the 
case  with  Dendrobiums.  The  period  of  repose  in  these 
plants  is  known  when  the  shoots  have  reached  the  usual 
size,  and  when  the  foliage  on  the  old  shoots  assumes  a 
yellow  tinge.  The  season  of  growth  is  known  by  the 
appearance  of  swelling  eyes,  or  flower  buds  around  the 
stems  at  the  base  of  the  old  leaves,  or  where  the  leaves 
have  fallen,  and  the  budding  of  eyes  at  the  base  for  new 
shoots. 

Then  the  plants  should  be  started  into  growth  that 
these  buds  may  be  fully  developed,  but  care  must  be 
taken  not  to  water  the  plants  thus  budding  over  much,  or 
the  flower-buds  will  not  come  out,  or  will  produce  un- 
sightly leaf  stalks,  and  the  whole  plant  start  into  vigorous 
growth. 


64  ORCHIDS. 

Some  orchids  are  deciduous,  losing  their  leaves  after 
they  have  finished  their  growth.  To  this  class  belong 
Cyrtopodiums,  Barkerias,  Cycnoches,  Phajus  albus,  some 
Dendrobhims,  Ccelogyne  maculata  and  Wallichiana,  and 
many  others.  These  should  be  placed  so  they  may  have 
as  much  light  and  air  as  possible,  during  their  resting 
season.  In  this  way  the  bulbs  are  ripened,  which  causes 
them  to  grow  stronger,  and  to  flower  more  freely.  These 
flowers  require  but  very  little  water  when  at  rest.  But 
when  such  plants  as  Vandas,  Angrczcums,  Aerides,  Saccola- 
biums,  and  Phalanopses,  are  at  rest,  they  should  never  be 
allowed  to  get  too  dry  at  the  roots  j  the  moss  should  al- 
ways be  kept  a  little  damp,  for  the  stems  and  leaves  are 
very  apt  to  shrivel  if  kept  too  dry,  and  this  often  causes 
them  to  lose  their  bottom  leaves  ;  they  require  but  a 
short  season  of  rest.  Those  which  are  growing  on 
blocks,  will  require  more  water  than  those  which  are  in 
pots  or  baskets,  and  should  be  watered  about  twice  or 
three  times  a  week  if  the  weather  is  fine,  but  in  cloudy 
weather  not  so  often. 

Water  should  be  poured  over  the  paths  and  walks 
every  fine  morning,  in  order  to  create  a  moist  atmosphere 
in  the  house,  but  the  degree  of  moisture  must  always  be 
regulated  by  the  weather  outside ;  this  is  a  most  impor- 
tant care  ;  if  the  weather  is  cloudy,  the  house  should  be 
kept  dry. 

During  the  resting  season  the  glass  and  roof  should  al- 
ways be  perfectly  clean,  so  that  the  plants  may  have 
plenty  of  light  and  sun;  you  can  hardly  at  this  season 
give  too  much.  If  awnings  are  used,  they  should  be 
rolled  up  the  greater  part  of  the  day,  and  if  the  glass 
has  been  painted  or  white-washed,  it  should  be  cleaned 


SEASONS   OF  GROWTH  AND  REST.  65 

off.  Yet  some  discretion  must  be  used  in  exposing  the 
plants  to  direct  hot  sun,  and  at  times  an  awning  is  neces- 
sary. 

When  the  plants  begin  to  grow,  the  temperature  should 
be  greatly  increased,  and  may  be  raised  by  the  sun  dur- 
ing the  summer  to  90°  or  100°  without  injury,  but  the 
plants  must  be  shaded  from  the  direct  rays  of  the  sun. 
In  the  Mexican  house,  however,  the  temperature  should 
never  be  allowed  to  go  above  80°  to  85°. 

Great  attention  should  be  paid  to  the  state  of  the  at- 
mosphere as  regards  moisture,  as  at  all  times  of  the 
year  this  is  of  great  importance  to  the  successful  growth 
of  the  plants,  for  they  derive  the  greater  part  of  their 
substance  from  the  moisture  of  the  air;  so  especially 
whenever  any  of  the  plants  are  growing,  the  atmosphere 
should  be  well  supplied  with  moisture.  To  obtain  this, 
water  should  be  poured  over  the  tables,  walls,  and  paths 
of  the  houses ;  the  slate  tables  if  made  with  a  rim  may 
be  filled  with  it,  and  evaporating  pans  may  be  placed  on 
the  flues  or  pipes.  The  hot  water  tanks  should  also  be 
kept  full,  or  a  little  water  may  be  poured  over  the  pipes 
if  there  is  a  gentle  fire.  Thus  a  gentle  steam  will  rise, 
which  is  of  great  value  while  the  plants  are  in  a  vigor- 
ous state,  of  growth,  especially  as  regards  the  East  In- 
dian Orchids,  such  as  Saccolabiums,  Aerides,  Vandas,  Phal- 
cenopses,  Dendrobiums,  and  many  others  requiring  a  high 
temperature  with  a  considerable  degree  of  moisture. 

The  Mexican  Orchids,  most  of  which  come  from  a 
cooler  climate,  not  so  saturated  with  moisture,  of  course 
require  less  heat  and  moisture,  but  they  should  have  a 
much  greater  degree  of  warmth  than  when  at  rest.  It 
should  be  greater  during  the  months  of  May,  June,  July, 
5 


66 


ORCHIDS. 


and  August,  ranging  by  night  from  65°  to  70°,  and  by  day 
rising  with  the  heat  of  the  sun  from  70°  even  to  85°. 

During  growth,  with  but  few  exceptions,  Orchids  should 
never  be  exposed  to  the  full  rays  of  the  sun ;  during  rest 
the  more  sun  and  light  the  better. 

We  cannot  bring  the  plants  to  observe  one  rule  and  to 
conform  to  a  day  or  even  a  month  ;  constant  watching  is 
necessary  to  adapt  treatment  to  the  peculiar  condition  of 
each  plant,  and  thus  we  see  the  necessity  of  providing 
houses  to  be  kept  at  different  temperatures,  that  the 
proper  treatment  for  each  plant  may  be  afforded. 


CATTLEVA  SUPERBA. 


CHAPTER  VIII. 

SHADING  AND   WATERING. 
SHADING. 

ORCHIDS,  with  but  few  exceptions,  should  be  care- 
fully guarded  from  the  direct  rays  of  the  sun  from 
March  to  October.  The  easiest  and  most  economical 
way  to  do  this  is  to  whiten  the  glass.  A  preparation  for 
this  is  made  by  mixing  Spanish  white  in  water,  adding 
milk  in  the  proportion  of  a  pint  of  the  latter  to  five  pints 
of  the  former.  This  composition  may  be  thrown  over  the 
glass  with  a  syringe  on  a  dry  day  and  is  sufficient  to  pro- 
tect the  plants  from  the  sun  and  will  for  a  time  resist  the 
rain.  The  coating  should  be  renewed  as  it  wears  off, 
which  may  be  five  or  six  times  a  year. 

Some  growers  paint  the  glass  of  Orchid  houses ;  the  ob- 
jection to  this  is,  the  paint  cannot  easily  be  removed,  and 
the  Orchids  are  kept  in  perpetual  shade.  There  are  ob- 
jections to  using  any  wash  applied  to  the  glass,  the  chief 
of  which  appears  to  be  that  the  plants  are  shaded  on 
cloudy  as  well  as  on  sunny  days,  and  often  the  light  given 
is  not  sufficient  for  the  health  of  the  plants. 

Another  way  is  to  place  an  awning  over  the  glass  when 
the  sun  strikes  it.  These,  however,  wholly  deprive  the 
plants  of  sun  j  but  as  Orchids  in  their  native  woods  grow 
upon  the  branches  of  large  trees,  they  almost  always  re- 
ceive some  of  the  solar  rays,  though  always  so  tempered 
by  interposing  leaves  and  branches  as  not  to  burn  the 


68  ORCHIDS. 

plant,  and  an  occasional  exposure,  if  not  too  prolonged 
or  too  hot,  is  not  injurious. 

Canvas  may  be  used  for  this  mode  of  shading.  There 
should  be  blinds  on  each  side  of  the  house  with  a  strong 
lath  at  the  top  to  nail  the  canvas  to  with  a  roller  at  the 
bottom.  The  canvas  must  be  nailed  to  the  roller,  but 
care  should  be  taken  in  doing  this  that  the  awning  roll 
up  regularly  from  the  bottom  to  the  top.  Such  an  awning 
is  also  useful  in  cold  weather  for  covering  the  house  in 
frosty  nights,  being  a  great  protection  to  those  plants  that 
are  near  the  glass.  It  is  advisable  to  have  a  covering  on 
the  top  of  the  house  for  the  protection  of  the  canvas 
when  rolled  up,  in  order  to  keep  it  from  wet. 

Another  way  which  is  to  be  recommended  is  the  use"  of 
movable  blinds  rolling  upon  themselves  in  order  to  be 
easily  removed.  The  bars  of  the  blinds  should  be  verti- 
cal and  not  horizontal,  as  thus  there  is  less  danger  of 
burning  the  plants,  the  solar  rays  being  more  divided. 
These  blinds  are  far  more  sightly  than  canvas  and  more 
durable. 

WATERING. 

This  is  an  operation  always  requiring  great  care.  No 
water  impregnated  with  lime  should  be  used,  as  it  is  inju- 
rious to  the  plants.  The  best  is  rain-water,  to  secure  a 
supply  of  which,  slate,  brick,  cement,  or  wooden  cisterns 
should  be  provided  in  every  Orchid  house.  The  temper- 
ature of  the  water  should  always  be  that  of  the  house ; 
it  may  be  warmer,  but  colder  is  injurious. 

The  water  should  be  applied  by  means  of  a  syringe 
with  a  flat  nose  pierced  with  very  fine  holes,  so  made  as 
to  throw  the  water  in  a  continuous  stream. 

Water  should  not  be  indiscriminately  applied  to  all; 


SHADING  AND    WATERING.  69 

we  must  discriminate  between  those  at  rest,  those  coming 
into  growth,  those  in  full  growth,  and  those  of  which  the 
pseudo-bulbs  are  nearly  formed  ;  and  some  plants  should 
never  have  the  foliage  wet.  Those  at  rest  should  have 
little  or  no  water,  at  the  most  only  sufficient  to  keep  the 
roots  from  shriveling  and  the  earth  or  moss  from  being 
parched. 

In  the  case  of  plants  just  starting  into  growth,  only 
enough  water  should  be  given  to  keep  the  earth  in  which 
the  plants  grow,  moist ;  for,  if  watered  too  profusely,  the 
young  shoots  are  apt  to  be  affected  by  the  moisture  of  the 
house  and  are  liable  to  damp  off. 

As  the  young  bulbs  grow,  the  supply  of  water  should  be 
increased;  and  when  the  pseudo-bulbs  are  about  half 
grown  they  may  have  a  liberal  supply. 

When  the  plants  begin  to  show  bloom  water  should  still 
be  given  liberally,  but  care  must  be  taken  not  to  allow  it 
to  rest  upon  the  stalk  or  buds,  for  fear  it  may  rot  them. 
When  plants  are  in  bloom,  no  water  should  be  given  over- 
head, as  every  drop  falling  on  the  blossom  will  leave  a 
spot,  and  cause  it  to  wither. 

Plants  of  the  tribe  Epidendrea  need  but  little  water  at 
the  roots  ;  the  atmosphere  should  be  moist  enough  for  all 
their  wants.  On  the  other  hand  such  plants  as  Sobralia 
and  Cyrtopodium  need  a  wet  soil,  water  should  therefore  be 
generally  given  in  the  pot  and  but  slightly  on  the  foliage. 

Watering  should  generally  be  regulated  by  the  external 
temperature  and  the  weather.  In  a  cold,  cloudy  day  it 
may  be  entirely  dispensed  with ;  in  hot,  dry,  sunny  days 
water  should  be  plentifully  administered  at  night  and 
morning. 

It  sometimes  happens,  during  a  long  spell  of  rainy  or 
cloudy  weather,  that  the  house  becomes  too  wet  and  cold  ; 


7O  ORCHIDS. 

this  is  easily  known  by  the  appearance  of  the  pots  and  the 
plant^  ;  in  such  cases  a  fire  should  be  lighted  to  drive  off 
superfluous  moisture  and  to  warm  the  plants. 

When  in  cold  weather  the  temperature  is  kept  at  about 
50°,  water  should  be  almost' entirely  withheld  ;  if  there  is 
no  sun,  a  little  sprinkled  on  the  pipes  or  on  the  paths  may 
be  sufficient,  as  thus  a  moist  warm  atmosphere  is  supplied 
to  the  house.  The  evening  watering  and  syringing  should 
be  given  about  an  hour  or  more  before  sunset,  after  the 
houses  are  closed  for  the  night.  The  morning,  after  the 
sun  has  gained  some  power. 

If  possible,  the  house  should  be  dried  up  once  a  day  by 
means  of  ventilation. 

In  syringing  great  care  must  be  taken  not  to  wet  young 
shoots  or  flower  stems  too  much.  Free  syringing  should 
only  be  given  in  warm  weather,  but  separate  plants  may 
receive  water  overhead  as  they  require  it. 

Those  plants  which  are  growing  on  blocks  of  wood 
should  be  syringed  twice  a  day  in  summer.  It  is  also  a 
good  method,  during  the  growing  season,  to  take  the  blocks 
down  and  dip  them  in  water  till  the  wood  and  moss  are 
thoroughly  soaked. 

Plants  in  baskets  should  also  be  examined,  and  if  they 
are  dry,  they  also  should  be  soaked.  In  this  way  also 
many  hurtful  insects  may  be  destroyed,  for  floating  on 
the  water  they  are  easily  killed. 

If  rain-water  cannot  be  had,  pond  water  is  the  next 
best. 

The  regulation  of  syringing  is  one  of  the  hardest  things 
for  the  beginner  to  learn.  In  many  houses  it  is  wholly 
unnecessary,  the  wetting  of  the  moss  on  the  shelves  and 
in  the  pots  and  the  sprinkling  of  the  paths  being  suffi- 
cient. It  should  never  be  profuse.  Some  plants,  such  as 


SHADING  AND   WATERING. 


Dendrobium  Falconeri,  need  it  daily ;  others,  like  most  Cat- 
tleyas,  a  genus  very  impatient  of  wet  on  the  foliage,  never. 
In  subsequent  pages  we  shall,  when  prescribing  the  treat- 
ment of  special  plants,  treat  more  fully  on  this  subject. 


DBNDROBIUM 


MACRANTHUM. 


CHAPTER  IX. 

POTTING. 

AT  the  close  of  the  resting  season  is  the  proper  time  to 
pot  Orchids ;  but  no  season  of  the  year  can  be  ab- 
solutely determined  as  the  proper  one  for  this  operation. 
The  months  of  February  and  March  are  the  best  times  to 
repot  some,  that  is,  after  the  resting  reason. 

Those  that  do  not  need  potting  should  be  top-dressed 
with  fibrous  peat,  removing  the  old  soil  from  the  top  with- 
out breaking  the  roots  of  the  plant.  The  pots  should  be 
thoroughly  cleansed  from  mould,  moss,  and  dirt,  and  this 
time  is  also  favorable  for  searching  after  and  destroying 
insects. 

Plants,  previous  to  potting,  should  not  receive  any  watei 
for  four  or  five  days. 

Some  species  should  be  potted  somewhat  later,  just  as 
they  begin  to  grow.  All  species  of  the  genera  Phajus, 
Calanthe,  Dendrobium,  Stanhopea,  Cyrtopodium,  Brassia, 
Miltonia,  Sobralia,  Bletia,  Oncidium,  and  many  others  re- 
quire this  treatment. 

Lczlias,  Cattleyas,  Saccolabiums,  Aerides,  Vandas  and 
similar  plants  should  be  potted  just  before  the  beginning 
of  the  growing  season. 

The  chief  attention  requisite  in  potting  is  that  the  pots 
be  well  drained ;  the  best  material  for  drainage  is  pot- 
sherds or  charcoal.  See  that  the  pots  are  perfectly  clean 
inside  and  out,  also  wash  the  potsherds  to  be  used  for 
drainage. 


POTTING.  73 

Let  the  pot  be  proportioned  to  the  size  of  the  plant; 
over-potting  is  injurious. 

Some  plants  will  require  changing  once  a  year ;  others 
once  in  two  or  three  years.  But  if  a  plant  becomes  sickly 
and  sodden  with  wet,  the  best  way  to  bring  it  into  a 
healthy  state  is  to  turn  it  out  of  the  pot,  wash  the  roots, 
cut  off  any  which  are  dead  or  decayed :  after  repotting 
give  but  little  water  until  the  plant  throws  out  fresh  roots. 

The  best  pots  for  Orchids  are  made  of  common  clay ; 
those  with  holes  cut  in  the  sides  are  very  useful. 

In  potting  large  plants  a  small  pot  should  be  turned 
upside  down  on  the  bottom  of  the  large  one,  the  pot 
should  then  be  filled  with  potsherds  or  bits  of  charcoal ; 
about  two  inches  square  is  the  size  for  large  plants,  but 
somewhat  smaller  if  the  plants  are  small.  Fill  to  within 
two  inches  of  the  rim,  then  put  on  a  layer  of  moss  (the 
white  sphagnous  moss  of  meadows  is  the  best),  to  prevent 
the  soil  from  choking  the  drainage,  and  to  allow  the 
water  to  pass  off  quickly.  This  is  of  great  importance, 
for  if  it  is  not  attended  to,  the  water  will  become  stagnant, 
the  soil  sour  and  sodden,  which  is  fatal  to  the  growth  of 
the  plant. 

The  great  point  to  be  observed  in  the  potting  of  Or- 
chids is  to  secure  good  drainage ;  without  it,  it  is  impos~ 
sible  to  keep  the  plants  in  a  healthy  condition. 

The  best  material  for  potting  epiphytes  is  good,  rough, 
fibrous  peat  and  sphagnous  moss ;  the  peat  should  be 
broken  into  lumps  about  the  size  of  a  hen's  egg ;  pot- 
sherds and  charcoal  should  be  mixed  with  the  peat.  The 
plant  should  be  placed  one  or  two  inches  above  the  rim 
of  the  pot ;  all  pseudo-bulbs  should  be  above  the  soil. 
A  little  peat  should  be  put  above  the  roots  to  cover  them, 


74  ORCHIDS. 

and  the  plant  should  be  secured  in  position  by  pegs.  If 
the  plant  is  not  steady  a  stake  may  be  placed  in  the  pot 
and  the  plant  tied  to  it. 

In  repotting,  all  the  old  soil  possible  should  be  shaken 
off,  without  injuring  the  roots.  Water  should  be  spar- 
ingly given  till  the  plants  begin  to  make  new  roots,  then 
more  liberally. 

The  best  potting  material  for  plants  in  baskets  is 
sphagnous  moss  and  potsherds.  The  size  of  the  basket 
should  be  proportioned  to  the  size  of  the  plant.  A  layer 
of  moss  should  be  placed  at  the  bottom  and  then  the  bas- 
ket filled  with  moss  and  potsherds.  The  plant  should  be 
placed  about  level  with  the  top  of  the  basket,  and  should 
be  tied  to  a  stick  in  the  centre  to  keep  it  firm. 

Those  plants  which  are  grown  on  wood  should  have 
moss  attached  to  the  blocks,  if  by  experience  they  are 
found  to  require  it ;  some  do  better  on  bare  blocks,  but 
they  need  more  moisture,  as  they  are  then  entirely  depen- 
dent on  what  is  obtained  from  the  atmosphere.  They 
should  be  firmly  fastened  to  the  block  by  copper  wire  se- 
cured to  copper  tacks  driven  into  the  block.  When  they 
make  new  roots  they  will  cling  to  the  blocks  and  the  wire 
may  be  removed. 

When  the  roots  overrun  the  pot  or  the  pseudo-bulbs 
become  too  numerous  or  the  soil  becomes  sodden,  the 
plant  should  be  repotted.  The  chief  precaution  to  take 
is  not  to  injure  the  roots,  as  any  such  injury  may  check 
the  growth  of  the  plant,  and  weaken  the  flower. 

In  repotting  small  plants  it  is  only  necessary  to  turn 
the  plant  from  the  pot,  al!6wing  all  the  loose  potting  to 
which  roots  are  not  attached  to  fall  away.  If  the  roots 
are  attached  to  the  sides  of  the  smaller  pot  and  cannot  be 


POTTING.  75 

disengaged  without  bruising,  it  may  be  well  to  carefully 
break  the  pot,  allowing  the  potsherd  to  which  roots  are 
attached  to  remain.  The  plant  should  be  carefully  ex- 
amined and  all  decayed  or  dead  roots  cut  off  with  a  sharp 
knife ;  then  it  should  be  placed  in  a  pot  about  half  larger 
than  that  it  formerly  occupied.  More  care  is  requisite  in 
repotting  very  large  plants,  but  the  operation  is  performed 
:'.n  the  same  general  manner. 

Where  Orchids  have  to  be  transplanted  from  wooden 
baskets  or  pots,  it  will  usually  be  advisable  to  sacrifice  the 
old  basket,  as  the  roots  will  generally  be  too  firmly  at- 
tached to  the  wood  to  be  separated.  The  best  way  is  to 
cut  the  old  basket  to  pieces  and  dispose  the  pieces  with 
the  roots  attached  among  the  soil  of  the  new  basket.  The 
roots  very  seldom  fasten  on  to  baskets  of  wire  or  metal ; 
should  they  do  so,  they  can  be  detached  without  injury, 
and  therefore  repotting  from  these  baskets  is  very  easy. 

Such  plants  as  "Stanhopea,  Acropera,  Atineta,  Cirrhcea, 
and  others  which  send  out  many  roots,  should  be  trans- 
planted at  least  once  in  five  years.  The  matted  roots 
form  a  thick  mass,  which  should  be  separated  with  care, 
the  dead  ones  cut  out,  and  only  those  preserved  which 
are  alive  and  have  spongioles.  These  dense  masses  of 
roots  often  prevent  the  descent  of  the  flower  stalk  through 
the  bottom  of  the  pot  or  basket,  and  cause  it  to  damp  off. 

When  Orchids  grown  on  blocks  cover  the  wood  with 
their  roots,  they  may  be  repotted  in  two  ways  :  the  block 
may  be  placed  in  the  centre  of  a  basket  tilled  with  com- 
post and  supported  there  ;  the  roots  will  soon  extend  over 
the  basket,  and  the  effect  will  be  very  pretty.  Another 
way  is  to  fasten  new  blocks  to  the  old,  covering  the  junc- 
tion with  moss ;  the  roots  will  soon  bind  the  old  and  new 
blocks  firmly  together. 


76  ORCHIDS. 

The  Orchids  which  should  be  grown  in  pots  are  those 
which  throw  up  a  flower-stalk  from  the  base  or  top  of  the 
pseudo-bulb. 

Those  which  have  pendent  flower-stems,  or  those  which 
push  the  flower  horizontally,  or  where  the  stem  grows  out 
underneath  the  pseudo-bulbs,  should  be  cultivated  in 
baskets  or  on  wood. 

In  potting  all  Orchids  the  plant  should  be  placed  in 
the  centre  of  the  pot  and  should  be,  as  it  were,  on  the  top 
of  a  mound,  sloping  up  from  the  sides.  The  advantage 
of  this  is  that  there  is  less  chance  for  the  water  to  settle 
among  the  young  shoots  and  to  rot  the  tender  roots,  and 
should  the  drainage  of  the  soil  be  imperfect,  the  water 
will  usually  drain  off  if  it  reaches  the  sides  of  the  pot. 


HlJNTI-EYA    VIOLACEA. 


CHAPTER  X. 

CULTURE   OF   TERRESTRIAL   ORCHIDS. 

THERE  are  comparatively  few  representatives  of 
this  numerous  class  cultivated  in  our  hot-houses. 
As  a  general  rule  the  flowers  are  by  no  means  as  showy 
as  those  of  epiphytes,  though  no  less  curious. 

Terrestrial  Orchids  are  more  generally  natives  of  the 
more  temperate  climates,  and  our  own  woods  and  swamps 
furnish  some  very  beautiful  species  ;  among  these  we  may 
mention  Cypripedium  acaule,  the  pretty  Lady's  Slipper  so 
common  in  pine  woods  ;  the  rarer  and  more  beautiful 
yellow  species  (C.  parviflorutri),  the  magnificent  Cypripe- 
dium spectabile,  one  of  our  finest  wild  flowers,  and  the 
rare  and  curious  Ramshead  (C.  arietinum}.  The  wet 
meadows  give  us  Arethusa  bulbosa,  a  gem  of  a  flower,  and 
the  kindred  Adder's  Tongue  (Pogonia  ophioglossoides),  and 
the  high  colored  and  fragrant  Cymbidium  or  Calopogon 
(C.  pulchelluni).  And  in  the  woods  we  may  find  the  curi- 
ous flowers  of  the  Coralwort  (Corallorhiza  odontorhiza), 
and  the  beautifully  variegated  Goodyeras.  The  sunny 
fields  will  also  give  the  species  of  Ladies  Tresses  (Neot- 
taa  or  Spiranthes},  while  all  through  marshy  woods  and 
open  meadows  we  find  the  beautiful  representatives  of 
the  Orchis  family. 

Most  of  these  may,  with  careful  culture,  become  in- 
habitants of  our  gardens,  and  many  of  them  are  grown 
and  treasured  in  England  and  on  the  continent  as  rare 
Orchids. 


78  ORCHIDS. 

The  terrestrial  Orchids  we  should  grow  are  the  rarer 
exotic  species,  of  which  many  are  remarkable  for  gorgeous 
flowers. 

As  a  general  rule  they  require  a  stronger  compost  than 
the  epiphytal  species.  It  should  be  composed  of  turfy 
loam  chopped  into  pieces  about  the  size  of  a  walnut,  leaf- 
mould,  and  a  little  well  rotted  cow  dung.  These  shoul-4 
be  well  mixed  together. 

They  do  not  require  as  much  drainage  as  epiphytes  : 
two  inches  of  potsherds,  broken  rather  small,  will  .be 
enough ;  on  that  put  a  layer  of  moss,  then  some  of  the 
rough  peat  and  fill  in  with  the  compost. 

The  plant  should  be  placed  one  inch  below  the  rim  of 
the  pot. 

Water  should  be  sparingly  given  at  first,  but  when  the 
plants  are  about  six  inches  high,  they  may  have  a  good 
supply. 

They  should  be  potted  just  when  they  begin  to  grow 
after  the  resting  season.  During  the  season  of  rest  they 
should  have  less  water  than  epiphytes  j  in  fact  only 
enough  to  keep  the  earth  damp  that  the  plants  may  not 
dry  up ;  and  some  species  none  at  all. 

The  temperature  at  which  these  plants  must  be  grown 
must  be  regulated  by  that  of  their  native  country.  Some 
need  the  heat  of  a  stove,  others  the  Mexican  house,  and 
some  flourish  well  in  the  greenhouse.  Plants  of  the 
same  genus  may  require  different  treatment ;  thus  we 
find  stove,  cool  house,  and  greenhouse  Cypripediums. 

These  plants  usually  make  a  rapid  growth,  produce 
their  flowers,  and  then  go  to  rest.  The  foliage  should  be 
well  grown,  allowed  to  ripen  gradually,  and  the  plant  only 
put  to  rest  when  it  is  withered.  In  growing  these  plants 


CULTURE   OF  TERRESTRIAL   ORCHIDS.  79 

the  only  way  to  secure  vigorous  shoots  is  by  growing  the 
foliage  well ;  therefore  every  attention  should  be  given  to 
producing  stout  growtn,  and  large  leaves.  After  once 
starting  into  growth  the  plants  should  never  be  allowed 
to  flag  for  want  of  moisture. 

Some  species  will  endure  more  sun  than  others,  some 
require  a  hot,  shady  location ;  some,  as  Anczctochilus,  re- 
quire to  be  grown  under  a  bell-glass. 

Some  species  are  deciduous,  others  evergreen,  and 
specimens  of  both  classes  often  occur  in  one  genus  —  as 
in  Cypripedicz. 

One  of  the  most  splendid  terrestrial  Orchids  is  Disa 
grandiflora,  a  magnificent  plant,  which  for  years  baffled 
all  attempts  at  cultivation.  The  difficulty  has  been  over- 
come, the  mistake  being  in  supposing  that  like  most 
Orchids  it  should  be  allowed  to  wholly  dry  off ;  which 
being  done  the  plant  never  revived.  The  true  treatment 
is  to  keep  it  watered ;  it  will  continue  to  grow  and  thrive, 
and  can  be  grown  in  any  greenhouse  from  which  frost  is 
excluded,  as  in  its  native  locality  the  thermometer  often 
sinks  to  32°.  The  spike  is  thrown  up  about  eighteen 
inches  high,  and  the  beautiful  and  high  colored  flowers 
are  freely  produced. 

Among  terrestrial  Orchids  the  genus  Ancectochilus  is 
remarkable.  The  plants  are  of  dwarf  habit  with  beauti- 
ful variegated  leaves,  varying  in  height  from  two  to  six 
inches  ;  their  leaves,  which  are  well  defined  and  generally 
obtuse  in  form,  varying  from  two  to  four  inches  in  length 
including  the  stalk,  which,  like  the  stem,  is  short  and 
fleshy. 

The  foliage  of  all  the  species  is  remarkably  singular 
and  beautiful,  on  some  of  the  varieties  resembling  the 


80  ORCHIDS. 

richest  olive  or  almost  purple  velvet  veined  in  regular 
or  curved  lines  with  a  net-work  of  gold.  In  other  species 
the  leaf  is  rich  green  marked  with  silver  tracings. 

The  plants  require  to  be  grown  in  silver  sand  mixed 
with  fine  chopped  sphagnous  moss.  The  flowers  are  pro- 
duced on  short,  upright  spikes,  but  they  are  insignificant, 
and  the  buds  should  be  nipped  off  as  soon  as  they  ap- 
pear. 

The  plants  should  be  grown  in  pots  in  the  shadiest 
part  of  the  East  Indian  house  or  stove  under  bell 
glasses.  Potted  in  the  compost  before  directed  they 
should  have  good  drainage. 

They  should  not  be  planted  in  a  large  pot,  as  they  do 
not  produce  many  roots,  but  they  succeed  best  in  a  small 
pot  plunged  in  a  large  one  so  that  the  bell  glass  fits  the 
outside  pot,  which  will  allow  space  for  the  leaves  to  grow 
within  the  glass.  They  should  be  repotted  once  a  year, 
about  the  first  of  March. 

The  plants  should  be  raised  one  or  two  inches  above 
the  rim  of  the  pot ;  during  their  season  of  growth,  which 
is  in  summer,  they  require  an  abundance  of  water  at  the 
roots.  In  winter  they  only  need  enough  to  keep  the  soil 
a  little  damp  ;  they  require  only  a  short  season  of  rest. 
The  bell  glasses  must  always  be  kept  over  them  and 
should  always  be  kept  clean  or  the  plants  will  not  thrive. 
Anactochiluses  are  propagated  by  cutting  the  plants  into 
pieces  with  a  root  attached  to  each  piece.  When  there 
is  only  a  single  stem,  the  plant  should  be  cut  off  just  be- 
low the  first  root  and  potted ;  the  old  stump  will  soon 
throw  up  a  young  shoot  which  must  be  left  till  it  has 
formed  roots  ;  then  cut  it  off  and  pot  it,  leaving  the  old 
stock  to  throw  up  another  shoot  to  form  another  plant. 


CULTURE   OF  TERRESTRIAL    ORCHIDS.  8 1 

It  has  been  said  they  may  be  raised  by  planting  the  leaves 
in  sand  under  a  bell-glass,  like  Gloxinias  and  Begonias. 

The  following  are  the  varieties  :  — 

Anczctochilus  argenteus.  A  free  growing  plant  of  easiest 
cultivation,  with  bright  clear  green  foliage  and  silver 
markings.  Known  also  as  Physurus.  A.  argenteus  pic- 
tus  is  a  fine  variety. 

A.  intermedius.  A  pretty  species  with  small  foliage, 
with  soft  silky  surface.  Color  dark  olive,  striped  and 
veined  with  gold. 

A.  Lowii.  The  finest  of  the  genus ;  grows  six  inches 
high,  with  leaves  four  inches  long  by  three  wide,  resem- 
bling fine  velvet.  Color,  rich  dark  green  shading  to  mel- 
low orange-brown,  intersected  lengthways  by  well  defined 
deep  golden  lines,  crossed  by  bars  or  lines  of  the  same 
color. 

A-  Lobbii.  A  rare  variety  with  dark  foliage,  with  light 
markings. 

A.  maculatus.  A  variety  resembling  A.  argenteus,  but 
with  more  silvery  foliage.  Known  also  as  Physurus. 

A.  setaceus.  A  fine  species  growing  four  inches  high, 
foliage  two  inches  long,  resembling  rich  dark  velvet  cov- 
ered with  golden  net-work.  There  are  many  varieties  of 
this  fine  species. 

A.  striatus.  A  small  and  distinct  species,  with  narrow 
green  foliage  and  a  white  mark  down  the  centre  of  each 
leaf. 

A.  xanthophyllus.  A  very  beautiful  species ;  grows 
four  inches  high,  with  foliage  two  inches  long.  The 
leaves  are  dark  velvety  with  broad  orange  and  green 
stripe  down  the  centre,  covered  with  beautiful  golden  net- 
work. 

6 


82  ORCHIDS. 

A.  (Physurus)  fimbrillaris,  a  pretty  species  with  dark 
green  leaves  streaked  with  silver. 

A.  (Physurus]  nobilis,  a  large-growing  species  with  dark 
green  leaves,  with  silver  veins. 

A.  Veitchii,  a  rare  species,  leaves  large,  light  velvety 
green  with  lines  and  bars  of  the  same  color  but  lighter 
shade. 

A.  Turneri,  a  beautiful  free-growing  plant,  leaves  rich 
bronze  marked  with  gold. 

A.  Petola,  a  fine  species,  leaves  light  velvet  covered 
with  bands  of  deep  gold. 

A.  Bullenii,  bronzy  green  foliage,  marked  with  three 
lines  of  coppery  red,  varying  to  gold. 

A.  Dayi,  dark  green  leaves  veined  with  red. 

A.  Roxburghii,  a  distinct  species  with  dark  velvety  green 
foliage,  marked  with  well  defined  silver  lines. 

There  are  many  other  species,  all  interesting  and 
pretty. 


CHAPTER  XI. 

CULTURE   OF    EPIPHYTAL   ORCHIDS. 

THE  greater  part  of  the  Orchids  grown  in  our  stoves 
are  epiphytal,  and  are  cultivated  in  pots,  in  bas- 
kets, or  on  wood,  according  to  their  nature. 

We  have  already  given,  when  treating  the  subject  of 
potting,  many  hints  upon  the  growth  of  these  plants  in 
pots.  The  chief  points  to  be  regarded  are,  to  secure 
good  drainage,  to  elevate  the  plant  about  one  inch  above 
the  rim  of  the  pot,  and  to  support  the  plant  if  the  roots 
are  not  long  enough  or  too  weak  to  sustain  it. 

The  material  to  be  used  is  peat,  broken  rather  large, 
potsherds,  and  moss. 

Directions  as  to  the  mode  of  growth  of  different 
plants  will  be  given  when  we  describe  the  plants. 

It  not  unfrequently  happens  that  different  species  of 
the  same  family  require  to  be  grown  in  a  different  man- 
ner, some  having  upright,  and  others  pendent  flower- 
stems.  In  this  chapter  we  would  more  particularly  treat 
of  the  growrth  of  Orchids  in  baskets,  or  on  wood. 

Baskets  may  be  of  wood,  metal,  or  pottery.  The  best 
for  the  plants  are  made  of  round  sticks  of  wood,  about 
one  to  two  inches  in  diameter. 

The  best  wood  for  baskets  is  maple,  apple,  cedar,  or 
oak,  and  the  best  baskets  are  those  of  a  square  shape. 

The  wood  should  be  cut  into  such  lengths  as  the  size 
of  the  basket  may  require,  but  they  should  not  be  too 


84 


ORCHIDS. 


large  —  they  take  up  too  much    oom,  are  too  heavy,  and 
above  all,  the  plants  do  not  require  much  space. 

After  the  wood  is  cut  into  proper  lengths,  the  pieces 
should  be  bored  within  one  inch  from  the  ends,  taking 


care  to  have  all  the  holes  bored  the  same  distance. 
There  should  be  four  lengths  of  strong  copper  wire,  one 
for  each  corner;  the  wire  should  be  put  through  each 
piece  of  wood,  and  brought  up  to  form  the  handle  of 
the  basket. 


CULTURE   OF  EPIPHYTAL    ORCHIDS.  85 

The  form  of  the  baskets  must  vary  according  to  taste. 
The  following  figures  represent  a  few. 

The  distance  between  the  pieces  of  wood  or  the  wires, 
must  be  sufficient  to  allow  the  flower  spike  to  pass  down ; 
earthern  pots  should  also  have  spaces  cut  out  for  this 
same  reason. 

Baskets  of  wood  or  metal  are  much  to  be  preferred  to 
those  of  pottery,  as  they  are 
much  neater  and  ornamental, 
and  plants  can  be  removed 
from  them  with  greater  facil- 
ity and  without  sacrificing  the 
pot,  and  they  are  not  so 

heavy.  Baskets  of  metal  should  be  of  galvanized  iron, 
or  of  copper  wire,  the  former  are  better,  as  being  less 
likely  to  get  out  of  shape. 
In  form,  the  top  should  be  , 
larger  than  the  bottom,  U 
not  only  for  artistic  effect, 
but  because  they  hold  the 
earth  better.  In  placing 


the  plants  in  these  baskets 

it  may  be  well  to  put  a  layer  of  moss  in  the  bottom,  to 

keep  the  finer  earth  from  falling  out ;  the  baskets  should 

not  be  filled  as  full  as  recommended  for  pots,  but  some 

six  months  after  having  set  the  plant 

in  the  basket,  a  light  top  dressing  of 

rich  earth  may  be  heaped  up  around 

the  plants. 

The   plants   should  be  so  disposed 
that   the   foliage   shall    not  touch   the  metal    chains,  or 
wires,  by  which  the   basket  is   suspended.     If   a  plant 


86  ORCHIDS, 

sends  out  new  shoots  towards  the  wires,  it  is  easy  to 
give  them  another  direction,  by  inserting  a  bit  of  cork 
between  the  pseudo-bulbs,  and  forcing  the  plant  a  little 
to  one  side.  The  drainage  of  baskets  should  not  be  like 
that  of  pots,  but  far  lighter,  in  order  that  the  flower-buds 
may  easily  push  through  it ;  sphagnous  moss  is  the  best. 

This  is  particularly  the  case  with  Stanhopeas,  Acinetas, 
and  plants  of  like  growth.  It  is  also  an  object  to  have 
the  basket  as  light  as  possible,  for  facility  in  suspend- 
ing it. 

It  is  not  advisable  to  grow  very  large  plants  in  baskets, 
both  on  account  of  the  weight,  and  the  difficulty  of  re- 
potting without  destroying  the  basket  and  injuring  the 
roots. 

In  choosing  the  baskets,  some  regard  should  be  paid 
to  the  nature  of  the  roots  of  the  plants  to  be  grown  in 
them.  Many  East  Indian  Orchids  which  have  large  long 
roots,  such  as  Aerides  and  Saccolabiums,  should  be  placed 
in  deep  baskets,  and  the  soil  should  be  rather  composed 
of  peat  and  potsherds,  than  of  moss  and  charcoal. 

Those  plants  with  descending  flower-stems,  such  as 
Stanhopeas  and  Acinetas,  should  be  placed  in  shallow 
baskets,  and  there  should  be  nothing  in  the  soil  which 
could  stop  the  descent  of  the  flower-bud. 

Baskets  should  be  suspended  where  they  will  not  shed 
drip  upon  the  other  plants.  They  should  be  frequently 
examined,  and  great  care  should  be  taken  not  to  allow 
them  to  dry  up. 

The  hook  figured  on  page  57  is  very  useful  for  hang- 
ing baskets,  as  thus  they  can  be  turned  round  without 
lifting  them  from  the  nail. 


CULTURE   OF  EPIPHYTAL   ORCHIDS.  8/ 

CULTURE  ON  BLOCKS. 

The  selection  of  the  wood  on  which  the  Orchids  are 
to  grow,  is  a  matter  of  importance.  We  know  that  when 
plants  are  thus  grown,  we  cannot  change  them  as  we 
can  in  pots  and  baskets,  therefore  we  must  choose  wood 
the  least  liable  to  rot,  or  to  be  attacked  by  fungus. 

The  best  kinds  are  cork,  oak,  apple,  pear,  plum,  or 
with  us,  locust  j  as  these  stand  best  the  warm  moist  tem- 
perature of  an  Orchid  house.  Rough,  knotty  pieces  are 
the  best,  because  the  roots  more  easily  cling  to  them. 

In  placing  the  plant  upon  the  block  we  must  inquire 
the  nature  of  the  roots,  and  always  provide  a  piece  ten 
to  fifteen  inches  long  and  six  to  eight  inches  in  diameter. 
A  hook  should  be  fixed  to  each  extremity  of  the  block,  in 
a  position  to  give  it  the  requisite  inclination. 

The  plant  should  always  be  placed  in  the  centre  of  the 
block,  upon  a  slight  layer  of  moss,  and  be  retained  in  its 
place  by  copper,  lead,  or  zinc  wire,  until  the  roots  cling 
to  the  block. 

The  block  should  be  suspended  so  as  to  give  the 
pseudo-bulbs  an  inclination  of  forty-five  degrees. 

The  size  above  given  for  blocks,  is  of  course  not  in- 
tended for  such  small  growing  plants  as  Sophronites  and 
Comparettias.  These  should  be  grown  on  little  branches 
or  blocks,  about  five  inches  long  by  two  in  diameter. 
These  little  plants  will  thrive  in  small  wooden  baskets 
filled  with  sphagnum,  and  they  thus  require  less  attention 
to  prevent  their  drying  up,  than  when  on  wood. 

It  is  not  well  to  place  more  than  one  plant  on  a  block, 
as  the  plants  often  have  different  times  of  growth  and 
rest,  and  in  supplying  the  wants  of  one,  the  other  might 
suffer. 


88  ORCHIDS. 

If  the  roots  stretch  away  from  the  block,  they  may  be 
confined  to  it  with  lead  wire.  After  they  have  made 
spongioles  on  the  wood,  it  is  seldom  they  leave  it.  Dur- 
ing the  growing  season,  when  the  plant  requires  more 
moisture,  it  is  well  to  surround  the  plant  with  moss  to  re- 
tain the  water  :  this  may  be  lessened  or  entirely  removed, 
as  may  be  best,  during  the  season  of  rest. 

Many  species  of  the  Epidendrea  need  very  little  mois- 
ture at  the  roots,  drawing  all  from  the  air ;  for  these  it  is 
sufficient  to  bind  a  little  moss  around  the  plant  itself, 
leaving  the  roots  free  in  the  air. 

When  the  plants  become  established  on  the  block,  and 
their  roots  are  in  good  health,  the  inclination  of  the  block 
should  be  changed  from  forty-five  degrees  to  fifteen  or 
twenty  degrees,  and  in  certain  cases  at  the  flowering 
season  the  plant  should  be  perfectly  straight,  especially 
when  the  flower  stalk  is  ascending. 

The  true  air  plants,  such  as  Vandas,  Saccolabiums,  Aer- 
idesy  Angrcecums,  Phalcenopses,  when  planted  in  baskets 
or  blocks,  send  out  their  roots  much  stronger  into  the  air, 
and  suck  up  the  moisture,  whereas  if  they  are  planted  in 
pots  and  have  their  roots  covered  with  soil,  they  are  very 
apt  to  rot. 


CHAPTER  XII. 

DISEASES  AND  INSECTS. 
DISEASE. 

THE  only  diseases  which  attack  Orchids  are  rot  and 
spot.  During  the  damp  months  of  winter,  rot  is 
very  apt  to  affect  those  species  with  thick,  fleshy  bulbs. 

It  is  caused  by  too  much  moisture  in  the  house,  or  by 
cold  drip  falling  from  the  roof  into  the  crown  of  the 
bulb.  During  the  winter,  steam  is  injurious  to  Orchids 
with  fleshy  bulbs,  such  as  Cattleyas,  Peristerias,  Odonto- 
glossums. 

If  the  rot  is  perceived  when  it  has  just  begun,  it  is 
easily  checked  by  cutting  the  diseased  part  entirely  away 
with  a  sharp  knife,  leaving  no  portion  of  the  decayed  or 
diseased  bulb;  then  fill  the  wound  with  flowers  of  sul- 
phur, keeping  it  dry. 

When  the  leaves  begin  to  rot,  the  diseased  part  should 
be  cut  clean  away,  and  a  little  sulphur  rubbed  on  the 
parts  that  are  cut,  but  the  sulphur  should  not  be  allowed 
to  get  to  the  roots  of  the  plant.  When  any  part  of  a 
fleshy  bulb  becomes  discolored,  and  the  dark  or  dis- 
colored part  appears  moist  or  wet,  especially  if  any  fluid 
exudes  from  it  on  pressure,  the  wet  or  discolored  part 
should  be  immediately  cut  out,  or  there  is  danger  that  the 
bulb  will  be  destroyed,  as  the  rot  is  often  much  more  ex- 
tensive within  the  bulb  than  the  discolored  appearance 
on  the  outside  would  seem  to  indicate.  The  plant  should 


90  ORCHIDS. 

also  be  removed  to  a  drier  and  cooler  place  and  water 
given  with  the  utmost  care. 

At  the  beginning  of  the  growing  season  the  young 
shoots  of  Orchids  often  rot.  This  is  caused  by  drip  or 
by  water  settling  upon  them.  At  this  season  the  greatest 
care  is  necessary  to  prevent  this,  and  it  should  be  espe- 
cially seen  that  the  water  from  the  hanging  plants  does 
not  fall  on  the  young  shoots  of  plants  below.  Young 
flower  stalks  often  damp  off  from  the  same  cause. 

Orchids  often  suffer  from  a  sour  sodden  soil,  caused  by 
imperfect  potting  or  deficient  drainage,  the  result  of  long 
deferred  repotting.  The  remedy  is  to  repot  the  plants. 

Spot  is  a  disease  which  attacks  the  foliage,  and  soon 
disfigures  it.  It  is  caused  by  too  much  moisture  in  cool 
weather,  and  by  exposing  the  plants  to  draughts  and  sud- 
den changes  of  temperature. 

Prevention  is  far  better  than  cure,  .and  if  the  rules  for 
potting  and  ventilation  which  we  have  prescribed  are 
followed,  there  will  be  no  trouble  from  spot.  Fresh  air, 
a  sweet,  moist  temperature,  clean,  sweet,  well  drained 
potting  material,  are  perfect  preventives  of  this  disease. 
Should  a  plant  become  infected  it  should  be  at  once  re- 
moved from  the  pot,  thoroughly  cleaned,  all  dead  roots 
cut  away,  and  repotted  in  fresh  sweet  material. 

Spot  is  not  necessarily  fatal.  If  remedies  are  applied 
in  time,  the  plants  soon  outgrow  it,  and  the  new  leaves 
soon  replace  the  injured  foliage.  We  have  found  flowers 
of  sulphur  efficacious  in  preventing  the  spreading  of  the 
spot  on  the  foliage. 


DISEASES  AND  INSECTS.  91 

INSECTS. 

The  insects  destructive  to  Orchids  are  the  wood-louse, 
the  cockroach,  the  red  spider,  the  white  and  brown  scale, 
thrips,  green  fly,  small  ants,  slugs,  snails,  and  mealy-bug. 

The  wood-louse  is  found  in  every  part  of  the  Orchid 
house.  It  attacks  every  part  of  the  plant,  but  chiefly 
feeds  on  the  tender  spongioles  of  the  roots,  the  young 
shoots,  and  the  flower  buds. 

Even  plants  in  baskets  are  not  safe  from  their  attacks, 
for  they  will  run  along  the  rafters  and  drop  upon  the 
plants.  They  hide  under  the  pots  or  in  the  drainage. 

The  common  way  to  destroy  them  is  to  cut  potatoes  in 
halves,  scoop  them  out,  and  lay  them  along  the  tables  of 
the  house.  The  insects  will  take  refuge  in  these,  and 
great  numbers  may  thus  be  destroyed. 

If,  however,  this  means  becomes  insufficient  on  account 
of  numbers,  they  may  be  destroyed  by  hot  water.  To  do 
this  allow  all  the  plants  to  remain  unwatered  about  thirty- 
six  hours,  that  the  soil  may  become  dry.  Have  a  pan  of 
water  heated  to  about  70°  Fah.  and  into  this  plunge  the 
pots  about  to  the  middle.  All  insects  which  have  taken 
refuge  in  the  drainage  will  seek  to  escape  at  the  top  and 
are  easily  destroyed  as  they  fall  into  the  water  and  per- 
ish. This  operation  should  be  performed  upon  all  the 
plants  in  the  house  the  same  day.  The  hot  water  will 
not  hurt  the  roots  of  the  plants,  but  the  pots  should  only 
remain  plunged  a  few  moments  and  the  operation  should 
not  be  often  repeated. 

Cockroaches  are  most  destructive  in  an  Orchid  house, 
and  in  a  few  nights  they  may  do  a  great  deal  of  mischief. 
They  feed  upon  the  tender  roots  and  flower  stems.  The 


92  ORCHIDS. 

only  way  to  keep  them  under  is  by  constant  search  by 
day  and  night :  by  day,  by  moving  the  pots  under  which 
they  conceal  themselves,  and  by  night,  by  lamplight.  At 
dark  they  leave  their  hiding-places  to  seek  food,  and  it  is 
then  they  are  most  easily  caught. 

If  damp  moss  is  laid  in  the  hottest  part  of  the  house, 
they  may  often  be  found  hiding  in  it.  A  mixture  of 
honey,  lard,  and  arsenic,  placed  in  oyster-shells  round  the 
house  will  poison  them,  or  any  of  the  vermin  extermina- 
tors. Arsenic  and  tallow  may  be  placed  in  the  pots,  but 
care  must  be  taken  that  it  does  not  touch  the  roots  or 
shoots  of  the  plant. 

The  red  spider  and  thrips  are  destroyed  by  washing 
the  leaves  with  a  weak  soap-suds  to  which  flowers  of  sul- 
phur has  been  added  ;  allow  this  to  remain  upon  the 
foliage  for  a  day  and  then  wash  with  pure  water.  Every 
part  of  the  pseudo-bulb  should  thus  be  treated,  that  all 
eggs  and  insects  may  be  destroyed.  A  house  thus  in- 
fested should  be  well  fumigated  with  tobacco  every 
evening  for  three  or  four  days  till  the  insects  are  de- 
stroyed. This  smoking  will  also  destroy  any  green-fly 
that  may  infest  the  young  shoots,  but  an  Orchid  house 
should  always  be  smoked  lightly,  as  many  Orchids  are  in- 
jured by  tobacco  smoke. 

Lime  and  sulphur  mixed  together  and  rubbed  on  the 
pipes  in  different  parts  of  the  house  when  they  are  warm 
is  fatal  to  red  spider.  This  remedy  should  be  used  with 
care,  as  too  much  would  seriously  injure  the  plants.  At 
the  time  of  its  application  there  should  be  a  moist  atmos- 
phere in  the  house,  but  not  much  heat. 

The  small  ants  are  easily  trapped  by  cutting  apples  as 
above  directed  for  potatoes  and  placing  them  around  the 


DISEASES  AND  INSECTS.  93 

tables  :  the  ants  will  find  them,  and  if  the  traps  are  often 
examined  thousands  may  be  destroyed. 

The  slugs  and  snails  are  often  very  destructive,  attack- 
ing the  flower-stem  and  young  shoots.  They  leave  a 
trail  behind  them  and  when  this  is  perceived  it  must  be 
followed  up  and  the  insect  destroyed. 

The  brown  and  white  scale  and  mealy-bug  are  very 
destructive  :  if  not  looked  after,  they  increase  rapidly  and 
often  kill  the  plants.  Cattleyas  are  especially  subject  to 
their  attacks.  The  following  mixture  rubbed  over  the 
plants  two  or  three  times  will  destroy  the  insects  :  — 

To  one  gallon  of  rain  water  add  eight  ounces  of  soft- 
soap,  one  ounce  of  tobacco,  and  three  table  spoonfuls  of 
turpentine ;  stir  well  and  leave  the  mixture  for  forty-eight 
hours,  then  strain  it  through  a  cloth  and  bottle  for  use. 

Or :  Dissolve  five  ounces  of  camphor  in  half  a  pint 
of  spirits  of  wine  —  the  result  will  be  an  impalpable 
powder ;  add  nine  ounces  Scotch  snuff,  nine  ounces  each 
of  black  pepper  and  sulphur.  Keep  the  mixture  in  a 
well  corked  bottle. 

If  the  plants  infested  are  powdered  with  this  prepara- 
tion the  insects  will  be  destroyed. 

As  a  general  rule  an  Orchid  house  should  be  smoked 
twice  a  month.  In  the  growing  season  this  fumigation 
should  be  light,  and  plants  in  bloom  should  be  removed 
from  the  house. 

Orchids  should  be  washed,  foliage  and  pseudo-bulbs, 
at  least  once  a  month  with  a  wet  sponge. 

The  walls  and  rafters  of  an  Orchid  house  should  be 
painted  once  a  year. 

By  adopting  these  rules  the  eggs  of  insects  will  be  de- 
stroyed and  the  plants  kept  in  good  health. 


CHAPTER  XIII. 

PROPAGATION   AND   IMPREGNATION. 

ORCHIDS  in  cultivation  do  not  reproduce  them- 
selves like  other  plants.  It  is  very  rarely  that  we 
see  them  produce  seed,  and  the  seed  obtained  by  fertiliza- 
tion is  usually  incapable  of  germinating,  or  is  of  species 
which  increase  far  more  rapidly  by  division. 

The  seed  capsules  of  Orchids  are  filled  with  an  impal- 
pable powder;  and  the  young  plants  the  first  year  are 
exceedingly  minute.  In  masses  of  imported  bulbs  we  can 
see  the  regular  gradations  in  size  from  very  small  to  the 
large  flowering  bulb.  We  may  often  see  a  mass  of  forty 
or  fifty  bulbs  one  succeeding  the  other,  of  which  only  the 
last  four  or  five  have  produced  flowers,  and  if  only  one 
bulb  is  formed  each  year  we  can  calculate  the  great  age 
of  the  plant.  This  is  particularly  the  case  in  plants  of 
the  genus  Epidendrece. 

The  usual  mode  of  propagation  consists  in  separating 
the  bulbs  ;  there  are  different  modes  of  performing  this 
operation  suited  to  different  species. 

Some  are  easily  increased  by  dividing  them  into  pieces 
or  by  cutting  the  old  pseudo-bulbs  from  the  plant  after 
the  latter  have  done  blooming  ;  such  plants  as  Dendro- 
biums  are  increased  in  this  way. 

The  best  time  for  dividing  the  plants  is  just  as  they 
begin  to  grow  or  when  they  are  at  rest.  They  should  be 
cut  through  with  a  sharp  knife  between  the  pseudo-bulbs 


PROPAGATION  AND  IMPREGNATION.  95 

being  careful  not  to  injure  the  roots  ;  each  piece  should 
have  some  roots  attached  to  it.  After  they  are  cut 
through  they  should  be  parted,  potted,  and  put  into  some 
shady  part  of  the  house,  and  not  receive  much  water  at 
the  roots  until  they  have  begun  to  grow  and  make  new 
roots,  when  they  may  be  liberally  watered.  Dendrobium 
nobile,  Pierardii,  pulchellum,  macrophyllum,  Devonianum, 
and  varieties  of  similar  growth  are  easily  propagated. 
This  is  done  by  bending  the  old  pseudo-bulbs  round  the 
basket  or  pot  in  which  they  are  growing,  or  by  cutting  the 
old  flowering  bulbs  away  from  the  plant  and  laying  them 
on  some  damp  moss  in  a  shady  part  of  the  house  with  a 
good  supply  of  moisture.  After  they  break  and  make 
roots  they  may  be  placed  in  pots  or  baskets.  Such  sorts 
as  Dendrobium  Jenkinsii,  aggregation,  formo  sum,  specie  sum, 
and  densiflorum  and  varieties  of  similar  growth  are  in- 
creased by  dividing  the  plants. 

Aerides,  Vandas,  Angrcecums,  Saccolabiums,  Camarotis, 
Renantheras,  and  plants  of  similar  growth  are  propagated 
by  cutting  off  the  tops  of  the  plant  just  below  the  first 
root  or  by  removing  the  shoots  which  spring  from  the 
root  or  form  in  the  axils  of  the  leaves. 

The  young  plants  should  be  put  on  blocks  or  in  baskets 
with  some  sphagnum  moss,  and  kept  in  a  warm  damp 
place  till  they  begin  to  grow,  receiving  little  water  at 
first. 

Odontoglossums,  Oncidiums,  Zygopetalums,  Sobralias, 
Trichopilias,  Stanhopeas,  Schomburgkias,  Mormodes,  Ly- 
castet,  Peristerias,  Miltonias,  Lcelias,  Leptotes,  Epidendrums, 
Galeandras,  Cyrtochilums,  Cymbidiums,  JBrassias,  Cyrto- 
podiums,  Cattleyas,  Bletias,  Cycnoches,  Coryanthes,  Coelo- 
gynes,  Barkerias,  Calanthes,  Aspasias,  are  all  propagated 


96  ORCHIDS. 

by  dividing  them  into  pieces  each  having  a  portion  of  the 
roots  attached  to  it  and  a  young  bulb  on  the  pseudo-bulb. 

Phajus  albus  is  increased  by  cutting  off  the  old  pseudo- 
bulbs  after  the  young  ones  have  begun  to  flower ;  that  is, 
just  before  the  plant  has  made  its  growth.  The  pseudo- 
bulbs  should  be  cut  into  pieces  about  six  inches  long,  and 
put  into  a  pot  in  some  silver  sand  with  a  bell-glass  over 
them  till  they  strike  root;  then  pot  them  in  some  fibrous 
peat,  with  good  drainage,  and  give  a  good  supply  of  water 
during  the  growing  season. 

Phalcenopses  may  be  propagated  by  tying  the  flower  stalk 
along  the  block  and  surrounding  the  nodes  nearest  the 
base  with  a  little  moss ;  of  course  the  flower-buds  show- 
ing themselves  on  this  stalk  should  be  picked  off.  Oncid- 
ium  Papilio  reproduces  itself  in  the  same  way.  Some  of 
the  Epidendrums  such  as  E.  cinnabarinum  and  crassifo- 
lium  will  also  form  plants  on  the  top  of  the  old  flower- 
stalks.  They  should  be  allowed  to  make  their  growth, 
and  then  be  cut  off  and  potted ;  they  will  soon  make 
good  plants. 

Some  Dendrobiums  will  also  form  plants  on  the  tops  of 
the  old  pseudo-bulbs,  and  they  should  be  treated  in  the 
same  way. 

We  have  said  that  it  is  seldom  that  Orchids  naturally  pro- 
duce seed  in  our  stoves,  but  artificial  fertilization  is  very 
easy.  We  only  have  to  lift  up  the  end  of  the  column  which 
conceals  the  anther ;  then  with  small  pincers  to  bring  the 
pollen  masses  to  the  pistil ;  as  soon  as  the  pollen  comes  in 
contact  with  the  stigma,  it  is  drawn  into  it  and  disappears. 

In  this  way  a  great  many  plants  of  Vanilla  were  a  few 
years  since  obtained  at  the  Jardin  des  Plantes  at  Paris. 
As  soon  as  a  flower  is  fertilized,  it  begins  to  fade,  and 
ripening  seed  always  exhausts  the  plant. 


PROPAGATION  AND  IMPREGNATION.  97 

This  subject  of  fertilization  and,  by  means  of  it,  of  pro- 
pagation, has  within  the  last  few  years  attracted  much  at- 
tention in  Europe  and  much  of  interest  has  been  written 
on  the  subject,  in  view  of  which  we  may  conclude  that  our 
knowledge  of  Orchids  and  their  peculiar  adaptations  is 
yet  most  imperfect,  and  that  the  future  may  yield  rich  de- 
velopments. 

There  are  many  Orchids  that  will  keep  on  growing  year 
after  year  and  yet  produce  only  one  flowering  bulb  each 
year ;  but  if  the  plants  are  cut  they  will  produce  back- 
breaks,  increasing  and  soon  make  fine  specimens.  Some 
plants  are  easier  to  increase  than  others,  of  which  Cat- 
tleyas  are  an  instance. 

When  a  plant  has  four  back  bulbs,  cut  the  plant  in  two 
between  the  bulbs,  but  do  not  disturb  the  plant ;  let  the 
bulbs  keep  in  the  same  place.  The  time  of  cutting  and 
after  treatment  should  as  nearly  as  possible  be  the  same 
as  above  recommended  for  propagation.  The  plant  will 
make  new  shoots  and  roots  from  the  back  part  and  soon 
form  a  specimen.  All  Orchids  having  bulbs  should  be 
treated  in  the  same  way  if  it  is  desirable  to  increase  them. 
7 


CHAPTER  XIV. 

FLOWERING. 

T7PIPHYTAL  Orchids  generally  produce  their  flowers 
JLL/  in  a  manner  to  be  seen  to  the  best  advantage  from 
below,  while  terrestrial  Orchids  produce  theirs  in  a  con- 
trary way.  In  arranging  the  plants  in  the  Orchid  house, 
this  fact  should  be  considered.  Some  cultivators  have  a 
portion  of  a  house  for  use  as  a  show  house  to  which  they 
remove  the  plants  when  in  bloom.  This  is  arranged  to 
display  the  plants  to  the  greatest  advantage,  and  can  be 
kept  at  a  low  temperature.  Thus  the  plants  remain  longer 
in  bloom  and  are  not  affected  by  the  damp  atmosphere 
necessary  for  the  Orchid  house.  Most  Orchids  with  large 
flowers,  such  as  Cattleyas  and  L<zlias  and  above  all  Phalce- 
nopses,  are  very  much  injured  if  drops  of  water  fall  upon 
or  condense  on  the  petals.  Orchids  are  also  seen  with 
more  comfort  in  a  cool  house,  for  the  hot  moist  tempera- 
ture of  an  Orchid  house  is  not  pleasant  to  a  visitor. 

Many  Orchids,  such  as  Oncidiums,  throw  up  a  flower 
stalk  from  two  to  three  or  more  feet  in  length.  Such 
stalks  may  need  a  support,  which  should  be  of  light  slen- 
der wood  or  of  wire.  These  stalks  continue  to  grow  until 
they  branch,  and  the  branches  are  often  ten  inches  long. 
In  many  of  the  species  many  months  elapse  between  the 
showing  of  the  flower  bud  and  the  expansion  of  the  flow- 
ers. For  example,  Oncidium  pulvinatum  begins  to  throw 
up  the  flower  stalk  in  January,  but  the  flowers  are  not 
produced  before  the  June  or  July  following. 


FLOWERING.  99 

The  supports  for  the  flower  stalks  of  Orchids  should  be 
as  small  and  neat  as  possible,  and  if  they  can  be  dis- 
pensed with  when  the  flowers  expand,  it  will  add  much  to 
the  effect  of  the  flower. 

Some  Orchids  continue  to  produce  flowers  for  months 
after  the  first  have  faded ;  such  flowers  are  always  smaller 
than  the  first,  and  such  a  prolongation  of  the  flowering 
season  tends  to  exhaust  the  plant.  It  should  be  checked 
by  allowing  the  plant  to  go  to  rest.  Phalcenopses  are  very 
prone  to  over-flower  and  thus  exhaust  themselves. 

Onddium  Papilio,  which  produces  only  one  flower  at  a 
time,  will  continue  to  bloom  from  the  same  shoot  until  the 
plant  is  exhausted.  After  the  expansion  of  the  third 
flower,  the  flower-stalk  should  be  cut  off  close  to  the 
pseudo-bulbs. 

The  duration  of  the  flowers  of  Orchids  is  in  proportion 
to  the  time  the  plant  takes  from  the  shooting  forth  of  the 
flower  bud  to  the  expansion  of  the  flowers.  Some  plants 
bloom  quickly,  but  keep  the  flowers  in  perfection  only  a 
few  days  ;  of  others,  the  flowers  are  ephemeral,  as  Sobra- 
lia  decora  \  others  again  produce  flowers  which  succeed 
one  another  for  a  month,  as  certain  Maxillarias,  Warrea 
Wallesiana,  while  with  such  plants  as  Phajus,  Cyrto- 
chilum,  and  Cymbidium  for  the  most  part,  the  flowers  con- 
tinue to  expand  on  the  same  stem. 

The  greater  number  of  Orchids  are  exquisitely  fra- 
grant ;  and  their  beauty,  their  different  nature,  the  pecul- 
iar modes  of  growth  and  shapes  which  they  exhibit,  furnish 
a  vast  field  for  observation,  and  one  of  ever  increasing 
interest. 

We  can  in  this  portion  of  the  work  only  speak  in  gen- 
eral terms,  referring  the  reader  for  special  observations  on 


IOO  ORCHIDS. 

the  peculiarities  of  each  plant  to  the  descriptive  pages. 
The  rules  which  have  been  given,  are  of  general  applica- 
tion, but  many  Orchids  require  a  peculiar  treatment ; 
these  we  shall  attempt  to  notice  in  the  succeeding  portion 
of  the  work. 

We  have  spoken  of  the  advantage  of  removing  the 
plants  during  the  season  of  bloom  to  a  cooler  house. 
Contrary  to  what  might  be  expected,  this  will  not  injure 
the  plants,  but  it  must  not  be  done  too  suddenly;  the 
plants  should  be  gradually  accustomed  to  the  change  by 
being  first  put,  for  a  few  days,  at  the  coolest  end  of  the 
stove.  Where  there  are  two  houses,  those  in  the  hotter 
should  be  moved  to  the  cooler  for  a  few  days  before 
being  taken  to  the  show  house,  and  they  should  be  al- 
lowed to  get  nearly  dry  and  should  receive  very  little 
water.  The  temperature  of  this  exhibition  house  should 
be  kept  about  50°  and  the  plants  in  it  should  be  shaded 
from  direct  sunlight. 

When  the  bloom  begins  to  fade,  the  plants  should  be 
removed  to  the  stove,  where  they  should  be  placed  in  the 
coolest  end  with  plenty  of  shade ;  they  should  be  kept 
there  for  about  ten  days,  for  if  they  are  exposed  to  the 
sun  they  are  very  apt  to  be  scorched.  By  thus  remov- 
ing to  a  cool  house,  Saccolabium  guttatum  and  Aerides 
affine  may  be  kept  in  bloom  five  weeks.  Aerides  odor- 
atum  and  roseum  and  Dendrobium  nobile  and  ccerulescens 
may  be  kept  four  weeks.  Dendrobium  moniliforme,  mac- 
rophyllum,  pulchellum,  Ruckerii,  and  secundum  ;  Brassias, 
Oncidiums,  Epidendrums,  Odontoglossums,  Cyrtochilums, 
Trichopelia  tortilis,  Lycaste  Skinnerii,  aromatica,  cruenta, 
Maxillaria  tenuifolia,  and  all  the  Cattleyas,  do  well  in  a 
cool  house  and  last  much  longer  in  flower. 


FLOWERING.  IOI 

Lcelia  majalis  will  keep  four  or  five  weeks,  and  Lalia 
flava  a  long  time. 

When  it  is  probable  that  plants  will  come  into  blossom 
earlier  than  is  wished,  the  time  of  flowering  may  be  suc- 
cessfully retarded,  by  taking  them  to  the  cooler  part  of 
the  house  or  even  to  the  greenhouse,  keeping  them 
slightly  shaded  during  the  brightest  part  of  the  day. 
Dendrobitims  are  very  easy  to  keep  back  if  they  are 
wanted  later  in  the  season.  Dendrobium  nobile,  pulchel- 
lum,  macrophyllum,  densiflorum,  Farmerii,  and  Pierardii, 
generally  bloom  in  winter,  but  may  be  kept  back  till  June, 
and  by  having  a  succession  of  plants,  the  Orchid  house 
may  be  bright  with  Dendrobiums  from  January  to  June. 

All  the  Dendrobiums  will  bear  cool  treatment  while  at 
rest,  and  all  can  be  kept  for  late  flowering.  The  treat- 
ment they  require  in  a  warm  greenhouse  is  to  have  but 
little  water,  only  enough  to  keep  them  from  shriveling ; 
the  temperature  should  not  go  below  40°  ;  and  the  bulbs 
of  the  plants  must  be  kept  dry  or  the  flower  buds  are 
apt  to  rot.  When  plants  are  wanted  to  flower,  move 
them  into  the  Orchid  house,  and  shade  them  from  the 
sun.  Phajus  Wallichii  and  grandifolius  may  be  kept 
back  in  the  same  way. 


CHAPTER  XV. 

COOL  TREATMENT  OF  ORCHIDS. 

\  T  TITHIN  the  last  few  years,  an  entire  change  in  the 
V  V  culture  of  Orchids  has  been  advocated,  and  in 
many  instances  carried  into  practice  in  England,  and 
with  no  inconsiderable  degree  of  success.  This  new 
mode  of  culture,  known  as  the  "cool  treatment,"  is 
directly  opposed  to  the  practice  of  the  last  thirty  years, 
and  to  all  the  theories  of  Orchid  culture.  The  propo- 
sition on  which  it  is  based  is,  that  Orchid  houses  have 
always  been  kept  too  hot,  and  the  plants  grown  on  a 
"high  pressure  principle :  "  that  the  maintenance  of  such 
a  temperature  is  not  only  very  expensive,  but  injurious  to 
the  plants,  and  that  any  person  having  a  heated  grapery 
where  the  temperature  is  never  allowed  to  fall  below  40° 
Fahrenheit  may  grow  most  of  the  Orchids  now  in  cultiva- 
tion in  great  perfection,  and  withal  ripen  his  grapes  quite 
as  well  as  when  the  house  was  exclusively  devoted  to 
them. 

Now  if  this  can  be  done,  and  it  has  in  many  cases  been 
successfully  accomplished,  the  culture  of  Orchids  becomes 
easy,  and  much  of  the  expense  which  has  deterred  so 
many  from  attempting  it  is  saved.  The  experience  of 
florists  and  horticulturists  hitherto  has  shown  that  it  is 
impossible  to  grow  grapes  and  flowers  successfully  in  the 
same  house  :  in  other  words  a  grapery  and  greenhouse 
cannot  be  combined.  But  if  our  forcing  houses  can  be 


COOL    TREATMENT  OF  ORCHIDS.  1 03 

adorned  by  the  gorgeous,  fragrant,  and  curious  flowers  of 
Orchids,  the  discovery  is  one  of  greatest  value  to  the 
florist  and  amateur. 

We  propose  to  condense  from  the  latest  English  publi- 
cations the  experience  of  those  who  have  put  the  new 
theory  into  practice,  feeling  that  if  farther  trial  proves 
the  discovery  to  be  of  general  adaptation,  its  value  can 
hardly  be  estimated-. 

But  first  let  us  state,  that  while  experience  has  shown 
that  this  mode  of  culture  succeeds  with  most  Orchids,  it 
does  not  suit  the  nature  of  those  species  which  come  from 
the  hot,  damp  jungles  of  the  Eastern  Continent,  but  is 
especially  adapted  to  South  American  and  Mexican  spe- 
cies, particularly  those  which  are  natives  of  the  great 
Andean  range,  where  in  fact  the  larger  part  of  South 
American  Orchids  occur. 

We  learn  from  Humboldt  that  although  Orchids  are 
scattered  throughout  every  part  of  the  torrid  zone,  from 
the  level  of  the  sea  to  the  height  of  10,000  or  11,000  feet, 
yet  it  must  be  admitted  that  in  the  number  of  species,  the 
coloring  of  their  blossoms,  delicious  fragrance,  rich  foli- 
age, and  brilliant  flowers,  none  can  be  compared  to  those 
that  inhabit  the  Andes  of  Mexico,  New  Granada,  Quito, 
and  Peru,  where  the  shade  is  moist,  and  the  breezes 
mild,  the  mean  temperature  of  the  year  at  an  elevation  of 
between  4,800  and  6,600  feet  being  from  64°  to  69°.  In 
fact  these  most  beautiful  of  plants,  like  those  most  beau- 
tiful of  birds,  the  humming  birds,  seem  to  cling  with  a 
marvelous  partiality  to  the  vast  Andean  chain,  which 
stretches  from  the  frontiers  of  Mexico  to  the  confines  of 
Peru.  These  mountains  are,  —  geologically  speaking,  — 
of  recent  date  ;  the  Orchids,  therefore,  that  inhabit  them, 


IO4  ORCHIDS. 

must  likewise  be  comparatively  recent :  indeed  no  fossil 
Orchid  has  ever  been  discovered,  although  ferns,  with 
which  in  these  days  Orchids  are  invariably  associated, 
have  been  found  in  countless  myriads  in  the  paleozoic 
strata. 

About  ten  years  since  continued  failure  in  the  cultiva- 
tion of  many  new  Granadian  and  Peruvian  Orchids,  led  to 
the  suspicion  that  both  the  theory  and  practice  of  culture 
was  fundamentally  wrong,  and  experiments  were  tried  in 
varying  the  temperature,  which  met  with  partial  success. 
The  fault  still  was,  that  too  much  heat  was  given,  and 
often  too  little  moisture ;  consequently,  the  finest  species 
dwindled  day  by  day,  flowering  poorly,  if  at  all,  and 
finally  were  lost  to  cultivation. 

It  was  in  the  collection  of  Linden  that  the  first  de- 
cided move  was  .made  towards  cool  treatment,  and  the 
first  decided  triumph  achieved,  and  there  it  was  that  the 
rare  and  beautiful  Odontoglossums  figured  in  "  Pesca- 
toria,"  flowered  for  the  first  time. 

In  growing  plants  under  the  "  cool  treatment "  the 
house  should  be  low  and  small,  and  should  be  either  a 
lean-to  facing  the  north,  or  a  well  shaded  span-roof. 
The  temperature  should  be  as  equable  as  circumstances 
will  permit,  that  is  to  say,  during  the  day-time  in  winter 
it  should  not  fall  below  60°,  while  during  the  day-time  in 
summer,  the  less  it  rises  above  70°  the  better.  In  the 
night,  of  course,  the  temperature  will  fall  considerably, 
and  even  if  it  sink  below  50°  no  harm  will  be  done,  and 
many  of  the  finest  Odontoglossums  will  thrive  at  a  mini- 
mum temperature  of  35°. 

Experience  has  shown  that  the  East  Indian  house,  or 
a  temperature  averaging  from  a  winter  minimum  of  60° 


COOL    TREATMENT  OF  ORCHIDS.  105 

to  a  summer  maximum  of  95 °,  is  not  the  temperature 
suited  to  the  well-being  of  a  single  known  example  of 
Odontoglossum  or  Lycaste.  A  Cattleya  house,  ranging 
from  a  minimum  of  55°  to  a  maximum  of  85°,  is  not  ex- 
actly suited  to  either  of  the  plants  named,  though  such 
species  as  O.  grande,  ritrosmum,  Bictonense,  Phalcznopsis, 
and  nebulosum,  will  live  and  remain  tolerably  healthy 
under  such  a  temperature,  if  accompanied  with  a  proper 
degree  of  moisture.  In  fact,  for  such  a  collection  and 
for  such  plants  as  Epidendrum  vitellinum,  Ly castes  of  all 
kinds,  Lcelia  cinnabarina,  anceps,  andflava,  Cattleya  Skin- 
neri  and  citrina,  Trichopelias  and  Anguloas  of  all  sorts, 
and  many  plants  of  kindred  nature,  a  minimum  of  43° 
and  a  maximum  of  70°  to  75°  during  the  heat  of  summer, 
are  of  all  temperatures  best  suited  to  the  plants.  Lower 
than  40°  (except  in  a  collection  composed  entirely  of 
Odontoglossum  Pescatorei,  cordatum,  membranaceum,  Ehren- 
bergii,  and  Cervantesii,  which  will  bear  35°)  it  had  better 
never  be,  even  in  very  cold  weather,  and  some  care  must 
be  taken  to  keep  the  plants  during  that  time  in  a  medium 
state  of  moisture.  Higher  than  50°  at  night  during  the 
dead  of  winter  is  not  a  good  practice,  although  the  house 
may  be  allowed  to  rise  to  such  a  height  during  the  day, 
before  giving  air.  Plenty  of  fresh  air  is  of  great  impor- 
tance during  the  summer  and  autumn,  to  consolidate  the 
pseudo-bulbs  and  encourage  free  flowering.  It  must  be 
borne  in  mind  and  carried  out  in  practice,  that  in  order 
to  promote  the  health  of  the  plants  the  temperature  in 
doors  must  rise  and  fall  with  the  temperature  out  of 
doors.  A  good  proportion  is  from  5°  to  8°  during  night, 
and  from  8°  to  12°  during  the  day. 

The  plants  themselves  may  be  grown  either  on  blocks, 


IO6  ORCHIDS. 

or  in  pots ;  the  Odontoglossums  always  preferring  the 
latter,  and  Epidendrums  the  former.  The  general  di- 
rections for  potting  given  in  a  former  chapter,  apply 
perfectly  to  these  plants.  As  a  general  rule  they  all  de- 
light to  grow  in  good,  rich,  fibry  matter,- such  as  is  to  be 
had  in  swamps  and  peat  meadows,  where  vegetable  fibre 
largely  predominates.  As  many  of  the  particles  of 
earthy  matter  as  can  be  easily  got  rid  of,  should  be  sep- 
arated from  the  turfs  by  beating. 

If  there  is  any  inclination  to  soddenness,  or  a  disposi- 
tion of  any  kind  to  obstruct  thorough  aeration,  a  good 
quantity  of  sphagnum  moss  should  be  introduced,  which 
counteracts  any  bad  effects.  There  is  nothing  to  be 
gained  by  impoverishing  the  semi-terrestrial  species,  and 
often  cow  or  horse  droppings,  well  dried,  may  be  added 
to  the  potting  material  with  beneficial  results. 

No  Odontoglot,  Lycaste,  Lcelia,  or  Trichopelia,  as  a  gen- 
eral rule  should  be  allowed  to  get  dry  at  the  roots. 
Nothing  cripples  their  powers  of  action  so  much  as 
drought,  and  it  sometimes  requires  months  or  even  years, 
for  a  plant  to  recover  from  a  single  "  drying  off"  It 
must  be  borne  in  mind  that  many  of  these  plants  have 
watery  bulbs,  and  make  several  growths  in  a  year  (such 
are  O.  Pescatorei,  crispum,  odoratum,  and  gloriosum),  and 
if  the  bulbs  are  once  allowed  to  dry  up  and  shrivel,  they 
seldom  recover  their  former  vigor. 

Occasionally  it  is  necessary,  to  induce  floral  develop- 
ment, to  check  the  luxuriance  of  particular  species  which 
show  little  disposition  to  flower  annually,  unless  thus 
wrought  upon  by  the  hands  of  the  cultivator ;  but  there 
is  a  particular  time  when  such  treatment  is  requisite  (and 
each  plant  must  make  its  own  rule),  and  its  duration 


COOL    TREATMENT  OF  ORCHIDS.  IO/ 

must  not  be  extended  for  too  long  a  period.  During  the 
growing  season,  no  cessation  of  vigor  must  be  encour- 
aged; ample  supplies  of  water  both  at  the  root  and  in 
the  atmosphere,  are  what  the  nature  of  the  plants  de- 
mands. If  the  potting  material  be  of  the  right  kind,  so 
porous  as  to  allow  air  to  pass  freely,  and  so  fibrous  as 
not  to  become  sodden,  water  may  be  given  once  a  day 
without  injury. 

To  promote  a  moist  atmosphere  the  shelves  of  the 
Orchid  house  may  be  strewn  with  wet  moss,  from  which 
the  evaporation  is  highly  beneficial. 

Insects  should  be  kept  under  by  the  means  given  in  a 
former  chapter.  We  must,  however,  remember  that  the 
fumes  of  tobacco  are  injurious  to  many  of  the  Odonto- 
glots  and  other  cool  Orchids,  causing  them  to  shed  their 
leaves  •  and  as  a  general  rule  a  miscellaneous  collection 
of  Orchids  requires  to  be  fumigated  with  great  care  and 
judgment. 

We  have  said  that  experience  has  latterly  tended  to 
show  that  Orchids  associate  admirably  with  vines,  and 
that  they  may  be  successfully  flowered  and  a  crop  of 
grapes  be  grown  in  the  same  house.  If  we  consider  the 
ranges  of  temperature  we  have  given  above  for  the  regu- 
lation of  a  cool  Orchid  house,  we  shall  see  they  accord 
well  with  those  required  in  a  forcing  grapery. 

Experiments  in  England  have  shown  that  there  are 
comparatively  few  Orchids  worth  growing,  which  cannot 
be  cultivated  under  vines,  and  that  many  of  the  East 
Indian  species  which  have  always  been  kept  in  the  great- 
est heat,  do  well  under  this  regime.  There  are,  however, 
some  species  of  Vandas,  Aerides,  and  Phalanopses,  which 
cannot  be  so  cultivated,  though  these  in  summer  will 'suc- 
ceed in  a  grapery. 


IO8  ORCHIDS. 

This  experiment  is  certainly  worth  trying  in  this  coun- 
try. Its  success  is  of  course  questionable,  for  the  inten- 
sity and  force  of  our  summer's  sun  is  so  much  greater 
than  in  England,  that  what  may  be  a  success  in  one 
country,  may  prove  a  disastrous  failure  in  the  other. 

There  is  another  advantage  resulting'  from  the  dis- 
covery of  the  cool  treatment  system.  It  is  not  imprac- 
ticable to  grow  Orchids  in  cities  where  only  a  very  small 
space  can  be  given ;  the  house  must  be  small,  and  the 
temperature  need  not  be  high.  Both  of  these  conditions 
could  be  realized  with  but  little  trouble  and  expense. 
An  attic  room,  or  a  dark  unsightly  yard  in  the  city,  could 
with  a  very  slight  outlay  be  converted  into  a  miniature 
Orchid  house,  and  the  magnificent  Andean  Orchids  grown 
with  very  little  trouble.  In  London  and  other  Euro- 
pean cities  this  has  been  successfully  done,  and  there  is 
no  reason  why  success  should  not  reward  experiments  of 
this  kind  in  our  own  large  cities.  Some  Orchids  have 
been  successfully  grown  in  the  house  as  parlor  plants, 
as  we  shall  show  in  another  chapter,  and  Odontoglossum 
grande  has  even  been  bloomed  in  England  in  the  open 
air,  but  as  yet  we  are  not  very  enthusiastic  in  regard  to 
parlor  gardening  with  Orchids,  the  result  of  all  experi- 
ments in  England  showing  that  the  only  plant  very  suc- 
cessfully grown  in  the  house  was  Lycaste  Skinneri,  which 
roots  more  freely  in  peat  than  any  other  Orchid,  although 
we  have  been  successful  with  others. 

It  only  remains  to  give  a  list  of  those  Orchids  which 
experience  has  shown  do  well  in  a  cool  house. 

First,  all  .the  Odontoglossums  from  New  Granada  for 
the  coolest  house,  those  from  Mexico  and  Guatemala 
thriving  with  a  little  more  heat,  but  doing  well  in  a  house 


COOL    TREATMENT  OF  ORCHIDS.  109 

where  the  temperature  is  regulated  as  we  have  before 
prescribed. 

The  Indian  Ccelogynes,  particularly  the  deciduous  tribe 
of  Pleiones  which  need  plenty  of  water  while  growing,  and 
which  when  well  grown  flower  as  freely  as  a  pot  of  cro- 
cuses. 

Lycastes  in  all  the  species,  but  particularly  Skinneri, 
cruenta,  and  aromatica. 

Maxillaria  venusta. 

Epidendrum  aurantiacum,  vitellinum,  macrochilum,  and 
dnnabarinum. 

Anguloa  Clowesii,  Ruckeri,  and  uniflora. 

Barkeria  Skinneri  and  spectabilis. 

Dendrobium  speciosum. 

Phajus  albus  and  grandifolius. 

Cypripedium  caudatum  and  most  other  species. 

Uropedium  Lindeni. 

Disa  grandiflora.     Masdavilleas  in  variety. 

There  are  many  other  Orchids  which  grow  and  flower 
better  with  a  moderate  degree  of  heat  and  which  do  well 
in  a  cool  house  during  the  greater  part  of  the  year ;  such 
are  Lcelias,  Sophronites  and  many  others. 

This  mode  of  culture  is  as  yet  in  its  infancy,  and  we 
may  reasonably  hope  that  further  experiments  will  show 
that  Orchid  culture,  now  confined  to  a  few,  may  before 
many  years  be  within  the  reach  of  the  masses  and  the 
rich  flowers  of  the  Lcelias,  Odontoglossums,  and  Cattleyas, 
the  fragrant  blossoms  of  the  Aerides,  Dendrobiums,  and 
StanhopcaS)  and  the  curious  blooms  of  the  Catesetums  and 
Coryanthes  be  as  well  known  at  our  horticultural  exhibi- 
tion as  the  ever  favorite  roses,  lilies,  and  violets. 


CHAPTER  XVI. 
ORCHIDS  FOR  PARLOR  CULTURE. 

LYCASTE;   ODONTOGLOSSUM,   CYPRIPEDIUM,   BLETIA,    PHAJUS, 
GOODYERA. 

THE  word  "  Orchid  "  conveys  to  most  minds  an  idea 
of  a  plant  which  grows  only  in  great  heat,  and  re- 
quires a  peculiar  mode  of  culture.  To  some  "  Orchid  " 
is  synonymous  with  air  plant ;  yet  a  large  portion  of  Or- 
chids are  not  air  plants  (epiphytal)  and  many  thrive  in  a 
moderate  temperature,  and  require  no  peculiar  culture. 

Some  Orchids  grow  at  such  elevations  that  hoar  frost 
is  found  upon  the  leaves,  while  others  are  natives  of  the 
hot  jungles  of  the  Indian  Archipelago. 

•  Formerly,  all  Orchids  were  grown  in  a  hot  steamy  at- 
mosphere, that  being  the  treatment  which  theory  recom- 
mended. The  natural  consequence  was  that  many  per- 
ished under  such  uncongenial  culture. 

The  past  few  years  have  shown  that  Orchids  from  cool 
regions  require  cool  culture,  —  a  temperature  somewhat 
resembling  that  of  their  native  haunts.  The  only  wonder 
is  that  horticulturists  were  thirty  years  in  opening  their 
eyes  to  this  patent  fact. 

Experience  has  also  shown  that  some  few  of  the  large 
class  of  cool  Orchids  can  be  successfully  grown  and 
bloomed  in  the  parlor. 

Many  Orchids  are  remarkable  only  for  their  showy 
flowers,  the  foliage  being  sparse  or  deciduous.  But  these 


ORCHIDS  FOR  PARLOR   CULTURE.  HI 

Orchids,  adapted  to  parlor  culture,  are  all  from  genera 
having  evergreen  leaves,  and  the  foliage  of  some  is  orna- 
mental. 

The  general  rules  for  potting  Orchids  are  :  give  plenty 
of  drainage ;  no  Orchids  thrive  in  a  close,  sour  soil.  Many 
require  plenty  of  water,  but  none  thrive  in  standing  water ; 
make  the  soil  porous,  lumpy,  broken,  not  sifted;  give 
pure  air,  and  light,  and  a  decided  season  of  rest ;  keep 
the  foliage  clean  and  free  from  dust,  and  preserve  the 
roots  from  their  numerous  insect  enemies. 

LYCASTE. 

A  family  of  some  thirty  species  of  terrestrial  Orchids 
from  South  America.  The  leaves  are  large  and  plaited, 
the  flowers  borne  usually  on  single  scapes,  large  and  very 
showy. 

These  plants  should  be  potted  in  coarse  peat  and 
sphagnum  moss  with  broken  potsherds  or  bits  of  char- 
coal. 

When  growing,  they  need  plenty  of  water,  and  even 
when  at  rest  should  never  be  allowed  to  become  entirely 
dry. 

L,  Skinneri.  This  beautiful  plant  is  a  native  of  Guate- 
mala. The  flowers  are  large,  from  three  to  six  inches  in 
diameter  •  sepals  and  petals  white  or  rose,  recurved,  lip 
varying  from  pure  white  to  deepest  carmine.  The  growth 
is  made  in  summer,  the  flowers  are  produced  in  winter ; 
they  last  six  weeks  in  beauty  and  many  are  produced  in 
succession. 

Although  a  close  moist  atmosphere  is  best  suited  to 
this  plant  when  in  growth,  it  may  be  grown  in  the  parlor ; 
give  plenty  of  water  and  light  without  full  sun,  the  object 


1 1 2  ORCHIDS. 

being  to  grow  the  foliage  as  large  as  possible.  When 
growth  is  complete,  generally  by  October,  reduce  the 
water  and  give  more  sun.  Those  who  have  a  vinery,  can 
grow  this  plant  in  great  perfection;  keep  them  in  the 
vinery  from  May  to  October,  in  the  parlor  from  October 
to  May.  Figured  in  Bot.  Mag.,  tab.  4445.  Pax.  Mag. 
n,  tab.  i. 

L.  Harrisonia.  A  showy  species  which  is  easily 
grown  in  the  parlor.  The  leaf  is  large  and  solitary,  the 
flowers  three  inches  in  diameter,  one  or  two  in  a  spike, 
white  or  yellowish,  waxy,  lip  rich  rose,  varying  to  lilac. 
This  plant  blooms  constantly  at  all  seasons.  Bot.  Reg., 
tab.  897. 

ODONTOGLOSSUM. 

A  large  genus  of  generally  cool  Orchids.  Doubtless 
many  of  these  beautiful  plants  could  be  grown  in  the 
parlor ;  we  have,  however,  had  experience  with  only  one. 

O.  grande.  A  noble  species  with  dark  evergreen  foli- 
age. Flowers  on  erect  racemes,  five  inches  across,  glossy 
yellow,  beautifully  barred  with  chocolate,  —  produced 
freely  in  autumn  and  early  winter.  Pot  in  sphagnum 
moss,  coarse  peat  and  charcoal.  Treated  as  prescribed 
for  Lycaste  Skinneri  it  blooms  freely. 

CYPRIPEDIUM. 

A  very  large  genus,  inhabiting  in  some  species  both 
continents,  both  in  the  temperate  and  torrid  zones.  The 
plants  are  commonly  known  as  Lady's  Slipper.  We  have 
in  our  woods  beautiful  species  and  among  exotics  many 
no  less  attractive. 

Our  native  species,  if  potted  late  in  the  autumn,  will 
bloom  in  the  window  in  early  spring. 


ORCHIDS  FOR  PARLOR  CULTURE.  113 

The  best  species  for  parlor  culture  is  C.  insigne,  a  noble 
plant  from  Nepaul,  foliage  narrow,  dark  green  ;  flowers 
solitary  (rarely  two),  three  inches  broad,  greenish,  edged 
with  white,  wings  long,  purple  and  yellow.  The  flowers 
are  very  freely  produced  from  November  to  February,  and 
last  two  months  in  perfection. 

We  have  now  Qanuary,  1876)  a  plant  in  the  parlor  win- 
dow with  thirty-six  flowers,  which  has  been  in  full  beauty 
for  four  weeks.  The  pot  is  two  feet  in  diameter,  and  this 
plant  has  been  grown  from  a  single  small  pot  in  two  years. 
This,  however,  was  in  the  greenhouse,  but  in  the  parlor 
the  growth  though  slower  is  no  less  satisfactory. 

Soil,  rich  peaty  loam.  This  plant  should  never  be 
allowed  to  get  dry,  and  requires  very  little  rest.  Grow  in 
full  sunshine. 

C.  venustum.  A  pretty  species  with  beautifully  varie- 
gated foliage,  flowers  rich  brown,  green,  and  chocolate, 
but  not  very  showy.  Requires  the  same  soil  and  general 
treatment  as  the  last. 

BLETIA. 

A  family  of  terrestrial  Orchids  of  easy  culture.  The 
root  stocks  should  be  potted  in  autumn,  and  grown  with 
plenty  of  sun  and  water.  The  flowers  are  produced  in 
March  on  terminal  spikes,  and  though  transient  are  very 
pretty.  Soil,  rich  loam.  After  blooming,  the  foliage  dies 
away,  and  the  roots  go  to  rest. 

B.  hyadnthina.     A  delicate  species  with  purple  flowers, 
marked  with  white,  somewhat  resembling  our  wild  Calopo~ 
gon,  easily  grown. 
8 


1 14  ORCHIDS. 

PHAJUS. 

These  plants  are  tall  growers,  with  large  broad  ever- 
green foliage,  and  tall  scapes  of  large  handsome  flowers. 
They  need  a  rich  soil,  plenty  of  water,  and  full  light,  and 
sun  heat. 

P.  grandifolius.  A  native  of  China ;  grows  and  flowers 
well  in  the  parlor.  Although  an  Orchid,  it  will  stand 
more  hard  usage  than  most  plants.  The  flowers  are 
white  externally,  purplish  brown  inside,  lip  white  and 
brown.  Blooms  freely  from  January  to  March.  A  more 
showy  plant,  both  in  growth  and  flower,  it  would  be  hard 
to  find.  We  have  grown  plants  with  forty  scapes  carrying 
more  than  five  hundred  flowers. 

GOODYERA. 

Pretty  terrestrial  Orchids  of  which  two  species,  natives 
of  shady  woods,  are  very  pretty  parlor  plants. 

G.  pubescens  and  repens  are  not  rare  plants,  but  if  potted 
in  rich  leaf  mould,  they  are  very  showy  in  window  culture. 
The  foliage  is  green  with  silver  tracery,  the  flowers  white, 
in  erect  spikes.  Many  rare  exotics  possess  less  beauty 
than  these  simple  native  plants. 


CHAPTER  XVII. 

HYBRIDIZATION   OF   ORCHIDS. 

AS  we  have  before  remarked,  very  few  Orchids  have 
the  power  of  self-fertilization.  This  operation  is 
generally  performed  by  insect  agency,  and  as  in  our  Or- 
chid houses  insects  are  seldom  found,  so  we  seldom  find 
Orchids  producing  seed.  The  plants  that  with  us  have 
most  frequently  seeded  are  Epidendrum  phce?iicium  and 
aurantiacum,  Cattleya  Moss  ice,  Cypripedium  barbatum,  and 
Dendrobiicm  chrysanthum  ;  of  these  probably  the  Dendro- 
bium  was  the  only  one  which  was  self-fertilized.  To  effect 
fertilization,  therefore,  artificial  means  must  be  resorted  to, 
and  any  mode  of  bringing  the  pollen  masses  into  connec- 
tion with  the  stigma  will  accomplish  the  result. 

An  explanation  of  terms  may  be  appropriate  in  this 
connection. 

In  all  common  Orchids  the  stamen  is  confluent  with 
the  pistil,  the  two  forming  the  column ;  the  stamens  carry 
the  anther,  and  within  the  anther  is  the  pollen.  The  an- 
ther is  divided  into  two  cells,  generally  very  distinct. 

In  Orchido  the  pollen  is  not,  as  in  other  plants,  a  fine 
powder,  but  the  pollen  grains  adhere  in  masses. 

There  are  usually  in  Orchids  three  united  pistils  or 
female  organs  of  which  the  upper  part  has  its  anterior 
surface  viscid,  which  forms  the  stigma.  The  two  lower 
stigmas  often  are  confluent  so  as  to  appear  as  one  ;  the 
stigma  of  the  upper  pistil  in  many  Orchids  presents  no 


Il6  ORCHIDS. 

resemblance  to  a  stigma,  and  is  called  the  rostellum.  It 
includes  or  is  formed  of  viscid  matter,  and  in  many  Or- 
chids the  pollen  masses  are  firmly  attached  to  a  portion 
of  the  exterior  membrane.  In  the  act  of  fertilization  the 
stigma  is  penetrated  by  long  tubes,  which  grow  down 
from  the  pollen  grains  and  carry  the  contents  down  to  the 
ovary,  thus  impregnating  the  seeds. 

To  fertilize  the  flower  we  must  lift  up  the  end  of  the 
column  and  bring  the  pollen  masses,  with  a  pair  of  fine 
pincers,  on  to  the  pistil ;  as  soon  as  the  pollen  comes  into 
contact  with  the  stigma,  it  is  drawn  into  it  and  the  work 
is  done. 

Orchids  vary  much  in  the  appearance  of  the  organs  of 
fertilization,  but  the  general  process  in  artificial  impregna- 
tion is  the  same.  A  little  practice  will  soon  accustom 
one  to  the  operation.  As  soon  as  the  flower  is  fertilized 
it  begins  to  fade,  and  the  ovary  begins  to  grow.  Perhaps 
the  reason  why  the  flowers  of  Orchids  are  so  persistent 
is  that,  seldom  perfecting  seed,  the  flowers  endure  in  ex- 
pectancy of  fertilization ;  when  that  is  accomplished,  the 
end  of  nature,  the  perpetuation  of  the  species,  being  at- 
tained, the  flower  fades. 

The  seed-pods  of  Orchids  mature  slowly,  and,  as  far  as 
our  experience  has  shown,  are  about  a  year  in  coming  to 
perfection. 

The  seed  is  a  fine,  almost  an  impalpable,  powder,  and 
thus  requires  great  care  in  sowing.  It  does  not  germi- 
nate readily,  often  requiring  many  months.  The  best 
place  to  sow  it  is  on  a  potsherd  or  block  on  which  some 
Orchid  is  growing,  or  upon  a  pot  of  rough  peat.  Where- 
ever  it  is  sown  it  must  never  be  allowed  to  get  dry.  The 
plants  at  first  look  like  a  green  mould,  but  soon  attain  in- 


HYBRIDIZATIDN  OF  ORCHIDS. 

dividuality.  As  soon  as  large  enough  to  handle  they 
shtfuld  be  pricked  off  in  small  pots,  but  great  care  must 
be  used,  as  they  are  very  delicate. 

They  will  bloom  when  strong  enough,  and  this  depends 
much  upon  the  way  they  are  grown ;  each  succeeding 
growth  should  be  stronger  than  the  last ;  if  so,  we  know  the 
plant  is  in  good  health  and  will  ultimately  bloom.  The 
process  is  necessarily  slow,  and  will  call  for  exercise  of 
patient  care.  Those  who  are  interested  in  Orchid  fertili- 
zation, than  which  there  is  nothing  more  curious  in  the 
vegetable  kingdom,  should  read  Darwin's  work  on  the  fer- 
tilization of  Orchids,  published  by  Murray  in  1862,  but 
which  has,  we  believe,  been  reprinted  in  this  country. 

A  short  quotation  relating  to  the  number  of  seeds  pro- 
duced by  Orchids  may  not  be  uninteresting :  "  The  final 
end  of  the  whole  flower,  with  all  its  parts,  is  the  produc- 
tion of  seed ;  and  these  are  produced  by  Orchids  in  vast 
profusion ;  not  that  this  is  anything  to  boast  of  in  the 
order,  for  the  production  of  an  almost  infinite  number  of 
eggs  or  seeds  is  undoubtedly  a  sign  of  lowness  of  organi- 
zation. That  a  plant  not  an  annual  should  escape  de- 
struction at  some  period  of  its  life  simply  by  the  produc- 
tion of  a  vast  number  of  seeds  or  seedlings  shows  a  pov 
erty  of  contrivance  or  a  want  of  some  fitting  protection 
against  some  danger.  I  was  curious  to  estimate  the  num- 
ber of  seeds  produced  by  Orchids  ;  so  I  took  a  ripe  cap- 
sule of  Cephalanthera  grandiflora,  and  arranged  the  seeds 
as  equally  as  I  could  in  a  narrow  hillock  on  a  long  ruled 
line  j  and  then  counted  the  seeds  in  a  length  accurately 
measured  of  one  tenth  of  an  inch.  They  were  80  in 
number,  and  this  would  give  for  the  whole  capsule  6,020 
seeds,  and  for  the  four  capsules  borne  by  the  plant  24,000 
seeds. 


Il8  ORCHIDS. 

"  Estimating  in  the  same  manner  the  smaller  seeds  in 
Orchis  maculata  I  found  the  number  nearly  the  same, 
namely,  6,200 ;  and  as  I  have  often  seen  above  thirty  cap- 
sules on  the  same  plant,  the  total  amount  will  be  186,300, 
a  prodigious  number  for  one  small  plant  to  bear.  As  this 
Orchid  is  perennial,  and  cannot  in  most  places  be  increas- 
ing in  number,  one  seed  alone  of  this  large  number,  once 
in  every  few  years,  produces  a  mature  plant.  I  examined 
many  seeds  of  the  Cephalanthera,  and  very  few  seemed 
bad. 

"To  give  an  idea  of  what  the  above  figures  really  mean, 
I  will  briefly  show  the  possible  rate  of  increase  of  O.  mac- 
ulata:  an  acre  of  land  would  hold  174,240  plants,  each 
having  a  space  of  six  inches  square,  which  is  rather  closer 
than  they  could  flourish  together;  so  that,  allowing  twelve 
thousand  bad  seeds,  an  acre  would  be  thickly  clothed  by 
the  progeny  of  a  single  plant.  At  the  same  rate  of  in- 
crease the  grandchildren  would  cover  a  space  slightly  ex- 
ceeding the  island  of  Anglesea,  and  the  great-grandchil- 
dren of  a  single  plant  would  nearly  (in  the  proportion  of 
47  to  50)  clothe  with  one  uniform  green  carpet  the  entire 
surface  of  the  land  throughout  the  globe.  What  checks 
this  unlimited  multiplication  cannot  be  told. 

"  The  minute  seeds  within  their  light  coats  are  well 
fitted  for  wide  dissemination ;  and  I  have  several  times 
observed  seedlings  in  my  orchard  and  in  a  newly  planted 
wood  which  must  have  come  from  some  little  distance. 

"  Yet  it  is  notorious  that  Orchids  are  sparingly  distrib- 
uted; for  instance,  this  district  is  highly  favorable  to  the 
order,  for  within  a  mile  of  my  house  nine  genera,  includ- 
ing thirteen  species,  grow ;  but  of  these  only  one,  Orchis 
mario,  is  sufficiently  abundant  to  make  a  conspicuous  fea- 


HYBRIDIZATION  OF  ORCHIDS.  119 

ture  in  vegetation ;  as  is  O.  maculata  in  a  lesser  degree 
in  open  woodlands.  Most  of  the  other  species,  though 
not  deserving  to  be  called  rare,  are  sparingly  distributed  ; 
yet  if  their  seeds  or  seedlings  were  not  largely  and  habit- 
ually destroyed,  any  one  of  them  would,  as  we  have  just 
seen,  immediately  cover  the  whole  land." 

Any  of  us  who  has  received  Orchids  collected  on  their 
native  habitats  will  have  noticed  the  remains  of  old  seed- 
pods,  and  thus  we  must  conclude  that  in  their  wild  state 
tropical  Orchids  seed  profusely. 

The  varieties  obtained  by  collectors  lead  us  to  believe 
that  hybridization  is  often  effected  by  insect  agency,  and 
that  many  of  the  plants  we  receive  are  natural  hybrids. 
This  has  been  strikingly  shown  in  the  flowering  of  a  large 
lot  of  imported  Phaltznopses  in  England  recently,  in  which 
the  three  species,  aurea  grandiflora,  amabilis,  and  Schiller- 
iana  seem  to  be  strangely  mixed  up. 

In  artificial  hybridization,  care  should  be  taken  to  cross 
those  species  which,  for  beauty  or  novelty  of  flower,  would 
be  likely  to  give  the  best  results.  Although  by  seedlings 
from  one  species  we  may  chance  to  get  variations,  yet  the 
chance  is  rendered  almost  a  certainty  if  we  choose  dif- 
ferent species. 

Seedlings  may  wholly  resemble  one  parent,  may  have 
points  common  to  both,  or  may  be  exactly  intermediate. 
Cypripedium  Harrisianum,  a  cross  between  C.  villosum 
and  barbatum,  has  the  long  'foliage  of  the  former,  but 
spotted  like  the  latter  ;  in  fact,  both  in  foliage  and  flower, 
is  almost  exactly  intermediate.  Calanthe  Veitchii,  a  hybrid 
between  Calanthe  vestita  and  Limatodes  rosea,  shows  marks 
of  each  parent,  but  is  superior  to  both  in  every  good 
quality. 


I2O  ORCHIDS. 

It  is  a  noticeable  fact  that  these  hybrids  in  some  cases 
hybridize  freely  again  ;  thus  Cattleya  exoniensis,  itself  a 
hybrid  between  C.  Mossice  and  Lcelia  purpurata,  is  the 
male  parent  of  the  new  and  beautiful  Cattleya  Fausta. 

The  first  to  raise  hybrid  Orchids  in  England  was  Mr. 
Dominy,  foreman  in  Mr.  Veitch's  nursery,  and  it  is  from 
this  establishment  that  most  of  the  hybrids  already  in- 
troduced have  been  disseminated ;  these  are  mostly  Cat- 
tleyas  and  Cypripediums,  but  the  wonderful  results  obtained 
have  led  many  to  make  experiments,  and  the  next  few 
years  will  doubtless  give  us  hundreds  of  hybrid  Orchids. 

Hybridization  has  already  made  a  complete  collection 
of  any  genus  an  impossibility.  We  do  not  know  of  any 
hybrid  Orchids  having  been  produced  in  this  country ;  but 
with  the  possibilities  and  many  fine  collections  we  see  no 
reason  why  great  results  may  not  be  attained. 

The  following  is  a  list  of  the  hybrid  Orchids  raised  by 
Messrs  Veitch :  — 

Cattleya  exoniensis,  from  C.  Mossicz  and  Lalia  purpurata. 
Cattleya  Dominiana,  from  C.  amethystina  and  C.  maxima. 
Cattleya  Dominiana  alba,  from    C.    amethystina   and    C. 

maxima. 
Cattleya  Dominiana  lutea,  from  C.  amethystina   and   C. 

maxima. 
Cattleya  Dominiana  hybrida,  from  C.  granulosa  and  C. 

Harrisonid. 

Cattleya  Sidneana,  from  C.  crispa  and  C.  granulosa. 
Cattleya  Brabanticz,  from  C.  Loddigesii  and  C.  Acklandice. 
Cattleya  quinquecolor,  from  C.  Acklandice.  and  C.  Forbesii* 
Cattleya  Devoniensis,  from  C.  crispa  and  C.  guttata. 
Cattleya  Manglesii,  from  C.  Mossice.  and  C.  Loddigesii. 
Cattleya  Veitchii,  from  C.  crispa  and  C.  labiata. 


HYBRIDIZATION  OF  ORCHIDS.  121 

Cattkya  hybrida  maculata,  from  C.  guttata  and  C.  interme- 
dia. 

Cattleya  Fausta,  from  C.  Loddigesii  and  C.  exoniensis. 

Cypripedium  Dominii,  from  C.  Pearcii  and  C.  caudatum. 

Cypripedium  Euryandrum,  from  C.  Stonei  and  C.  barba- 
tum. 

Cypripedium  Harrisianum,  from  C.  barbatum  and  C.  vil- 
la su?n. 

Cypripedium  vexillarium,  from  C.  barbatum  and  C  Far- 
rieanum. 

Cypripedium  Sedeni,  from  C.  Schlimi  and  C.  longifolium. 

Cypripedium  Marshallianum,  from  C  concolor  and  (7.  venus- 
tum  pardinum. 

Cypripedium  Arthurianum,  from  C.  Farrieanum  and  C. 
insigrte. 

Cypripedium  selligerum,  from  C.  l&vigatum  and  C.  barba- 
tum. 

Cypripedium  hybridum,  from  (7.  Stonei  and  C  barbatum. 

Cypripedium  tessellatum,  from  C.  concolor  and  C  barbatum. 

Calanthe  Veitchii,  from  C  vestita  and  Limatodes  rosea. 

Calanthe  Dominii,  from  C  Masuca  and  C  furcata. 

Phajus  irroratus,  from  P.  grandifolius  and  Calanthe 
Veitchii. 

Anactochilus  Dominii,  from  ^.  xanthophyllus  and  <S^0</- 
jymz  discolor. 

Goodyera  Veitchii,  from  £.  discolor  and  Anczctochilus 
Veitchii. 

Goodyera  Dominii,  from  Antzctochilus  Lowii  and  Goodyera 
discolor. 

Aerides  hybridum,  from  ^4.  d$fr^  and  ^.  Fieldingi. 

Lcelia  Pilcheri,  from  Z.  Perrini  and  Cattleya  crispa. 

Lalia  Pilcheri  alba,  from  Z.  Perrini  and  Cattleya  crispa. 


122  ORCHIDS. 

Lalia  flammea,  from  L.  dnnabarina  and  L.  Pilcheri. 
.Dendrobium  Dominii,  from  D.  nobile  and  D.  moniliforme. 
Zygopetahim  Sedeni,  from  Z.  maxillare  and  Z.  Mackayi. 
Chysis  Chelsoni,  from  C.  bractescens  and  C.  Limminghi. 

There  are  many  other  hybrids  which  have  already  been 
exhibited  in  England,  but  we  have  been  unable  to  obtain 
trustworthy  accounts  of  their  parentage.  We  have  how- 
ever seen  a  fine  seedling  from  Cypripedium  insigne,  named 
C.  Chanting  of  French  origin  ;  it  has  the  vigor  of  the 
parent,  but  the  banner  is  almost  pure  white  from  a  purple 
base,  making  it  a  remarkably  beautiful  flower. 


ONCIDIUM  PHCENICIUM. 


CHAPTER  XVIII. 

ORCHIDS    FOR    HOUSE   DECORATION  AND  FOR   THE  MARKET. 

WE  have  in  a  former  chapter  referred  to  the  length 
of  time  the  flowers  of  Orchids  remain  in  perfec- 
tion. This  quality  admirably  fits  them  for  house  decora- 
tion. It  might  be  inferred,  from  the  atmosphere  neces- 
sary for  their  growth,  that  Orchids  would  suffer  when 
removed  to  the  far  dryer  air  of  the  parlor,  but  such  for- 
tunately is  not  the  case. 

Most  Orchids  bloom  when  the  growth  is  complete  or 
just  beginning,  when  in  fact  there  is  no  immature  growth, 
the  pseudo-bulbs  having  become  hard,  or  the  growing  bud 
being  so  young  that  a  check  does  it  no  injury,  so  that  a 
change  of  temperature  is  seldom  injurious  to  the  plant. 

When  kept  in  the  close  atmosphere  of  the  Orchid 
house,  the  flowers  of  Orchids  are  short-lived  compared 
with  their  duration  when  removed  to  a  cooler  and  dryer 
air.  Moisture  in  the  air  is  injurious  to  most  Orchid 
flowers,  causing  them  soon  to  become  spotted  and  un- 
sightly. It  is  therefore  the  practice  of  all  Orchid  growers 
to  remove  Orchids  in  bloom  to  a  cooler  and  dryer  atmos- 
phere, and  manyfchave  an  exhibition  house  where  the 
Orchids  are  arranged  with  ferns,  which  supply  the  want 
of  foliage  in  many  of  the  species,  and  present  a  beautiful 
show. 

Plants  in  flower  add  much  to  the  attractions  of  the  hall 
and  parlor,  and  it  is  as  easy  to  have  choice  exotics  as  a 


124  ORCHIDS. 

mass  of  common  plants.  A  very  small  Orchid  house,  if 
stocked  with  reference  to  a  succession  of  bloom,  will  fur- 
nish plants  in  bloom  sufficient  to  fill  a  table  with  choice 
flowering  plants  every  day  in  the  year.  Some  regard 
must  be  paid,  howrever,  to  growing  plants  of  which  the 
flowers  last  long  in  perfection,  and  in  this  there  is  a  great 
difference  in  Orchids. 

The  blossoms  of  some  are  almost  ephemeral,  and 
many  are  only  of  a  few  days  duration.  The  many  species 
of  Stanhopea,  than  which  no  Orchids  produce  more  curious 
or  fragrant  flowers,  last  only  in  perfection  three  or  four 
days.  Sobralia  macrantha,  one  of  the  most  glorious  flow- 
ers the  world  produces,  lasts  only  two  days,  a  defect  how- 
ever somewhat  compensated  for  by  the  successive  pro- 
duction of  several  flowers  from  the  same  sheath.  While 
some  of  the  large  family  of  Dendrobiums  are  very  persis- 
tent in  blossom,  others  have  flowers  of  very  transient 
duration. 

Oncidium  Papilio,  the  well  known  Butterfly  Plant  of 
the  West  Indies,  and  the  allied  but  far  more  beautiful  O. 
Kramerianum,  last  only  three  or  four  days  in  bloom, 
while  the  lovely  Phalcenopscs,  the  East  Indian  Butterfly 
Plants,  are  almost  imperishable  in  bloom. 

We  have  in  a  former  chapter  indicated  the  duration  of 
many  Orchid  flowers ;  suffice  it  here  to  say,  that,  with  a 
good  selection  of  Cattleyas,  Ontidiums,  Lcelias,  Cypripe. 
diums,  Calanthes,  Aerides,  Phalcenopses,  Saccolabiums,  and 
Dendrobiums,  there  need  not  be  a  day  in  the  year  when 
half  a  dozen  plants  cannot  be  found  in  bloom. 

Perhaps,  however,  the  best  way  to  give  an  idea  of  what 
plants  may  be  needed  for  such  decoration  will  be  to  give 
a  list  of  the  flowering  Orchids  we  have  had  in  a  large  bay 


FOR  HOUSE  DECORATION  AND  MARKET.      12$ 

window  in  our  hall  during  the  last  year,  premising  that 
of  most  of  these  plants  we  have  only  two  specimens  in 
the  Orchid  house,  most  being  plants  with  flowers  of  long 
duration. 

JANUARY.  Cypripedium  insigne,  C.  Harrisianum,  C.  biflo- 
rum,  C.  vemistum,  Angr&cum  eburneum,  A.  ses- 
quipedale,  Calanthe  vestita  in  variety,  C.  Veitchii, 
Cattleya  Triancz  in  variety,  C.  pumila,  Lcelia 
anceps,  Ansettia  africana,  Brasavola  venosa,  On- 
cidium  ornithorhyncum,  Phalcenopsis  amabilis, 
Dendrobium  Linwinianum,  Ccelogyne  cristata, 
Saccolabium  grandiflorum. 

FEBRUARY.  Cypripedium  Hookeri,  C.  biftorum,  C.  villosum, 
C.  hirsutissimum,  Phajus  grandifolius,  P.  macu- 
latus,  Lcelia  peduncularis,  Phalcenopsis  Schilleri- 
ana,  Dendrvbium  macrophyllum,  Vanda  tricolor, 
Cattleya  Triance,  Cirrhopetalum  Medusa,  Epi- 
dendrum  prismatocarpum,  Zygopetalum  Gauteri, 
Dendrobium  nobile,  Odontoglossum  pulchellum. 

MARCH.  Dendrochilum  glumaceum,  Cattleya  amethysti- 
glossa,  Onddium  flexuosum  (in  bloom  every 
month  in  the  year),  O.  luridum  guttatum,  Phal- 
cenopsis  grandiflora  aurea,  Epidendrum  Stam- 
fordianum,  Lycaste  Skinneri,  Dendrobium  chry- 
sotoxum  superbum,  Brasavola  glauca. 

APRIL.  Dendrobium  chrysanthum;  Epidendrum  macrochi- 
lum  in  variety,  Cattleya  Skinneri,  Vanda  sua- 
vis,  Cypripedium  barbatum  in  variety,  Phajus 
Wallichii,  Chysis  bractescens,  Cypripedium  pur- 
puratum,  Dendrobium  Pierardii,  D.  albosangui- 
neum,  D.  anosmum,  D.  Cambridgianum,  Tricho- 
pilia  suavis-. 


126  ORCHIDS. 

MAY.  Aerides  affine,  A.  Fieldingii,  Cattleya  Mossice  (many 
varieties,  forty  flowers  at  a  time),  Cypripedium 
Lowii,  Brassia  verrucosa,  Dendrobium  Parishii, 
D.  transparens,  Oncidium  divaricatum,  Lcelia 
cinnabarina,  L.  flava,  L-  purpurata,  Odentoglos- 
sum  citrosmum. 

JUNE.     Aerides    odor  at  um,    A.   Lobbii,    Cattleya    labiata, 

C.  amethystina,   C&logyne  spetiosa,  Cypripedium 
superbiens,  Dendrobium  calceolare,  D.  JBensonitf, 

D.  Devonianun,  Huntleya  cerina,  Oncidium  obry- 
zatum,    l^richopilia   tortilis,    Vanda   cczrulescens, 
Zygopetalum  maxillare. 

JULY.  Aerides  testaceum,  Cattleya  Loddigesii,  C.  Harri- 
somana,  Dendrobium  primulinum,  D.  Dalhousi- 
anum,  D.  Wardianum,  Oncidium  incurvum,  So- 
bralia  macrantha,  Trichopilia  Turialvce,  Cypri- 
pedium superbiens. 

AUGUST.  Cattleya  crispa,  Dendrobium  formosum  gigan- 
teumy  Miltonia  spectabilis  and  Moreliana,  Per- 
isteria  elata,  Stanhopeas  in  variety,  Oncidium 
hczmatochilum. 

SEPTEMBER.  Cattleya  Loddigesii,  Dendrobium  infundibu- 
lum,  Epidendrum  cuspidatum,  Lycaste  aromatica 
(always  in  bloom),  Peristeria  elata,  Stanhopeas 
in  variety,  Vanda  Bensonice. 

OCTOBER.  Aerides  suavissimum,  Lcelia  Perrinii,  L.  al- 
bida,  Miltonia  Candida,  Oncidium  leucochilum, 
Stanhopeas  in  variety. 

NOVEMBER.  Cattleya  bulbosa,  Cymbidium  Mastersii,  On- 
cidium crispum  grandiflorum,  Lalia  acuminata, 
L.  autumnalis,  Maxillaria  picta,  Pilumna  fra- 
grans,  Pleione  maculata,  humilis,  and  Wallichi- 


FOR   PIOUSE  DECORATION  AND  MARKET.      127 

ana,  Saccolabium  violaceum  and  Harrisianum, 
Vanda  coerulea. 

DECEMBER.    Ansellia  africana,  Cypripedium  insigne,  Vanda 

tricolor,    Calanthe   vestita,    Cattleya    Chocoensis, 

Odontoglossum  grande,  Calanthe  Veitchii,  Zygo- 

fetalum  Mackayi  and  crinitum,  Lalia  Lindley- 

ana. 

These  are  some  of  the  plants  which  have  been  in 
bloom,  and  from  time  to  time  adorned  the  house  during 
the  last  year,  and  not  one  has  suffered  from  removal  from 
the  Orchid  house. 

This  list  is  given  especially  to  show  the  blooming 
seasons  of  the  plants ;  the  season  of  bloom  may  be  ad- 
vanced or  retarded,  and  no  plants  endure  these  processes 
better  than  Orchids. 

The  treatment  of  Orchids  while  in  the  house  is  very 
simple.  Do  not  let  the  plant  dry  up,  and  do  not  keep  it 
very  wet ;  occasionally  sponge  the  foliage  to  remove  dust, 
and  do  not  expose  the  plants  to  cold  draughts,  to  direct 
sunlight,  or  to  a  temperature  below  50°.  As  soon  as 
the  flowers  fade,  return  the  plant  to  the  Orchid  house  for 
growth. 

ORCHIDS    FOR    MARKET. 

There  are  some  Orchids  which  can  be  profitably  grown 
for  flowers.  The  public  taste  is  fast  becoming  educated, 
and  people  are  learning  that,  however  beautiful  a  rose  or 
a  pink  may  be,  that  there  are  rarer  and  more  beautiful 
flowers  in  the  floral  kingdom,  —  flowers  which  excel  in 
beauty,  color,  and  fragrance. 

Already  Orchid  flowers  are  in  demand  for  choice  bou- 
quets, or  as  single  flowers  for  vases. 


1 28  ORCHIDS. 

The  value  of  an  Orchid  for  the  market  depends  upon 
the  qualities  of  durability,  color,  and  fragrance,  some- 
what upon  singularity  of  form.  With  the  florist,  it  will 
also  be  a  consideration  how  easily  the  plant  can  be 
grown,  and  how  much  flower  it  will  produce. 

Now  while  most  Orchids  must  ever  remain  a  luxury 
for  the  amateur,  on  account  of  their  scarcity  and  conse- 
quent high  cost,  there  are  many  which  can  be  easily  and 
profitably  grown  by  the  florist.  Of  these  we  mention  a 
few. 

Cypripedium  msigne,  valuable  for  blooming  in  Decem- 
ber, when  flowers  are  scarce  ;  a  free  bloomer,  the  flowers 
lasting  many  weeks  in  water. 

Many  of  the  other  Cypripediums,  as  they  become  com- 
mon will  doubtless  prove  valuable,  and  much  may  be  ex- 
pected from  the  new  hybrids. 

Dendrobium  nobile  is  already  much  in  demand,  the 
flowers  selling  freely  at  a  good  price  ;  valuable  for  color 
and  fragrance. 

D.  Wallichianum,  a  closely  allied  species,  has  richer 
colored  flowers.  These  plants,  by  a  little  care,  may  be 
had  in  bloom  from  November  to  June. 

Ccdogyne  cristata,  a  lovely  pure  white  flower  with  crested 
yellow  lip,  valuable  for  wreaths  and  bridal  bouquets,  free 
flowering  and  of  very  easy  culture. 

Calanthe  vestita,  in  its  many  varieties,  is  a  valuable 
plant  with  graceful  flowers,  valuable  for  fine  work. 

Lycaste  Skinneri,  of  easy  culture,  producing  freely  its 
large  showy  flowers,  which  last  long  in  perfection. 

Cattleya  Triance  —  all  the  many  varieties  of  this  beautiful 
winter-blooming  Cattleya  are  very  handsome.  The  flow- 
ers are  large,  deliciously  fragrant,  and  very  durable. 


FOR  HOUSE  DECORATION  AND   MARKET.     129 

There  are  many  other  Orchids,  which  as  they  become 
more  common,  will  be  generally  grown ;  in  England  there 
is  a  large  trade  in  Orchid  flowers,  and  doubtless  in  this 
country  a  market  wilj  create  itself,  at  remunerative  prices 
to  the  grower  for  all  that  can  be  produced. 


ONCIDIUM  INSLEAYI. 


CHAPTER  XIX. 

HISTORY   OF   ORCHID   CULTURE   IN   THE   UNITED   STATES. 

ORCHID  culture  in  the  United  States  dates  from 
an  early  day ;  and  the  first  Orchids  were  grown  in 
Boston  about  the  year  1838,  when  comparatively  few 
Orchids  were  known  in  England,  and  those  chiefly  from 
the  importations  of  Messrs.  Loddige,  in  whose  "Botan- 
ical Cabinet "  they  were  first  figured.  Mr.  James  Boott, 
then  resident  in  London,  sent  to  his  brother,  John  Wright 
Boott,  a  collection  of  Orchids. 

Mr.  Boott  had  a  small  greenhouse  in  the  yard  of 
his  house  on  Bowdoin  Square,  which  occupied  the  site 
where  the  Revere  House  now  stands.  He  was  an  en- 
thusiastic lover  of  flowers,  and  cared  for  his  greenhouse 
personally  as  a  recreation  from  business.  During  the 
next  few  years  he  imported  more  Orchids,  and  the  more 
common  species  of  Cattleyas,  Dendrobiums,  and  Epiden- 
drums  were  found  in  his  collection,  which,  however,  con- 
sisted chiefly  of  Orchids  from  the  Western  Continent, 
as  previous  to  1845  comparatively  few  of  the  East  In- 
dian Orchids  had  been  introduced  to  cultivation. 

Mr.  Boott  died  about  1842,  and  bequeathed  his  collec- 
tion of  Orchids  to  John  Amory  Lowell,  who  at  that  time 
resided  upon  the  old  Lowell  estate  on  Heath  Street,  Rox- 
bury,  which  he  had  inherited  from  his  father. 

During  the  next  ten  years,  the  Orchids  remained  in 
the  possession  of  Mr.  Lowell,  who  built  an  Orchid  house 


HISTORY  OF  ORCHID  CULTURE  IN  AMERICA.  131 

for  their  accommodation,  and  increased  the  collection 
by  importations.  The  first  Orchids  we  ever  saw  were 
exhibited  by  Mr.  Lowell  before  the  Massachusetts  Hor- 
ticultural Society,  one  being  an  immense  Dendrobium 
Calceolus,  which  was  a  magnificent  specimen. 

About  1853,  Mr.  Lowell  leasing  his  country  residence, 
the  Orchids  were  sold  to  the  tenant,  by  whom  they  were 
neglected,  and  many  perished.  Some  were  sold,  chiefly 
Oncidiums,  we  believe,  and  still  exist  in  the  greenhouses 
of  the  Misses  Pratt,  at  Watertown. 

The  balance  of  the  collection,  comprising  the  larger 
plants,  was  about  the  year  1854  bought  by  Edward  S. 
Rand,  and  removed  to  his  greenhouses  in  Dedham, 
where  a  house  was  built  for  their  reception. 

Mr.  Rand  was  enthusiastic  in  the  culture  of  these 
plants,  and  added  largely  to  the  collection  by  importa- 
tions from  Messrs.  Hugh  Low  &  Son,  of  Clapton  Nur- 
series, London. 

About  1856,  this  collection  probably  contained  the 
finest  specimen  Orchids  in  the  country ;  among  them  we 
especially  remember  the  grand  plant  of  Dendrobium  Cal- 
ceolus, four  feet  high  and  at  least  three  feet  in  diameter ; 
and  a  plant  of  Cattleya  crispa,  as  large  as  a  small  wash- 
tub. 

About  1865  Mr.  Rand,  selling  his  country  estate,  pre- 
sented his  large  collection  of  stove  and  greenhouse  plants, 
including  all  the  Orchids,  to  Harvard  College  ;  and  they 
were  removed  to  the  greenhouses  at  the  Cambridge  Bo- 
tanic Garden. 

The  greenhouses  at  Cambridge  were  not  suitable  for 
their  cultivation,  and  they  were  crowded  with  other 
plants  ;  the  Orchids  fared  poorly,  and  most  of  the  more 


132  ORCHIDS. 

delicate  perished.  Within  the  past  few  years,  however, 
considerable  attention  has  been  paid  to  Orchids  at  the 
Botanic  Garden,  and  the  collection,  consisting  of  the 
plants  presented  by  Mr.  Rand,  with  additions,  ex- 
changes, and  importations,  has  been  greatly  increased, 
so  that  now  the  Garden  possesses  the  foundation  for  a 
fine  collection.  The  species  represented  are  chiefly 
those  from  the  Western  Continent,  there  being  compara- 
tively few  of  the  East  Indian  Orchids. 

The  large  specimen  of  Dendrobium  Calceolus  had  been 
divided  into  two,  and  on  the  writer's  beginning  his  collec- 
tion of  Orchids,  Dr.  Gray  kindly  gave  him  one  of  these 
plants,  now  a  beautiful  specimen  with  canes  five  feet 
long,  which,  every  spring,  is  a  mass  of  drooping  racemes 
of  fragrant  buff  flowers. 

It  is  a  little  singular  that  one  of  Mr.  Boott's  original 
plants  should  survive  the  vicissitudes  of  thirty-five  years, 
and  to-day  be  represented  by  two  of  as  fine  specimen 
Orchids  as  can  be  found  in  the  country. 

In  1873  the  first  Orchids  were  grown  at  Glen  Ridge, 
and  since  then  the  collection  has  been  largely  increased. 
Owing  to  careful  culture  and  the  perfect  adaptation  of 
the  houses,  the  plants  have  thriven  wonderfully,  and 
there  are  now  in  the  houses  many  very  fine  specimens. 

It  is,  however,  rather  a  selection  than  a  collection  of 
Orchids  ;  all  inferior  species  have  been  discarded,  and 
only  plants  retained  which  are  remarkable  for  beauty  or 
fragrance  of  flower.  Thus  of  the  large  genus  Epiden- 
drum,  comprising  many  hundred  species,  less  than  a 
dozen  are  grown. 

Preference  has  also  been  given  to  winter  flowering  Or- 
chids, as  during  the  months  of  July,  August,  and  Sep- 


HISTORY  OF  ORCHID  CULTURE  IN  AMERICA.   133 

tember,  the  writer's  absence  from  Glen  Ridge  renders  to 
him  Orchids  blooming  in  those  months  less  desirable. 
The  Glen  Ridge  Orchids  are  the  finest  in  New  England, 
and  embrace  plants  of  the  most  desirable  kinds,  though 
for  number  of  specimens  and  for  some  of  individual 
plants,  they  cannot  vie  with  the  magnificent  collections 
of  George  Such  of  South  Amboy,  N.  J.,  and  of  Erastus 
Corning  and  Gen.  John  F.  Rathbone,  of  Albany. 

Of  other  collections  in  the  vicinity  of  Boston,  we  may 
mention  that  of  Gardiner  G.  Hubbard,  of  Cambridge,  in 
which  are  fine  specimens  of  Stanhopeas  and  Cyrtopodium ; 
a  choice  collection  of  Cypripediums  of  William  Gray,  Jr., 
Boston  ;  a  small  sale  collection  of  the  Messrs.  Hovey  at 
Cambridge ;  and  a  very  choice  collection  of  rare  species 
of  Frederick  L.  Ames,  of  Easton. 

In  the  vicinity  of  New  York,  the  culture  of  Orchids 
was  first  attempted  by  Mr.  Thomas  Hogg,  about  the  year 
1850,  or  earlier,  who  at  that  time  had  an  extensive  col- 
lection ;  it  consisted  mainly  of  Stanhopeas,  Cattleyas,  On- 
adiums,  Cycnoches  ventricosum  (a  rare  Orchid  at  present), 
and  Aerides  odoratum,  which  was  its  rarest  plant  then. 
Many  years  earlier,  however,  some  few  Orchids  had  been 
grown,  although  no  collection  was  in  existence.  In  Sep- 
tember, 1840,  the  veteran  florist  Mr.  Isaac  Buchanan 
brought  the  first  Cattleya  Mossice.  from  London,  and  soon 
after  imported  from  Brazil  a  collection  of  Orchids,  a  part 
of  which  were  sent  to  Messrs.  Hugh  Low  &  Son,  of  Lon- 
don. For  the  next  fifteen  years  Mr.  Buchanan  cultivated 
a  few  Orchids,  but  it  was  not  until  the  breaking  up  of 
Mr.  Thomas  Hogg's  collection,  in  1855-6,  that  he  grew  a 
great  number. 

The  distribution  of  Mr.  Hogg's  collection  gave  an  im- 
petus to  Orchid  culture. 


134  ORCHIDS. 

Dr.  James  Knight,  of  New  York,  built  a  small  Orchid 
house,  bought  some  of  Mr.  Hogg's  plants,  and  imported 
an  assortment  from  Messrs  Low,  by  which  means  many 
plants  already  in  cultivation  in  this  country  were  correctly 
named.  Dr.  Knight  was  successful  in  Orchid  culture, 
and  grew  and  flowered  many  in  perfection,  among  others 
the  beautiful  Dendrobium  Devonianum,  one  of  the  loveliest 
of  Orchids,  for  the  first  time  in  this  country. 

In  1856,  Mr.  Buchanan  returning  from  Europe,  brought 
with  him  a  good  assortment  of  the  best  kinds  then  grown, 
which  formed  the  nucleus  of  his  collection,  to  which  he 
has  ever  since  been  adding,  and  from  which  more  Or- 
chids have  been  distributed  than  from  any  establishment 
in  this  country. 

A  portion  of  the  collection  of  Mr.  Hogg  passed  into 
the  possession  of  Cornelius  Van  Voorst,  of  Jersey  City, 
and  another  portion  was  purchased  by  Jesse  Paulmerre,  of 
the  same  city ;  still  another  part  went  to  Mr.  Baker,  of 
New  York,  an  amateur  collector,  who  at  one  time  had 
some  fine  Orchids.  The  collection  of  Mr.  Paulmerre  was 
soon  merged  in  that  of  Mr.  Van  Voorst,  so  that  about 
1857  the  houses  of  Mr.  Van  Voorst  contained  the  finest 
collection  in  the  country.  The  plants  were  under  the  in- 
telligent care  of  Mr.  John  Fleming,  who  brought  to  the 
task  rare  knowledge  and  ardent  love  of  floriculture,  and 
who  developed  some  wonderful  specimens.  To  see  these 
plants  was  worth  a  journey  of  many  miles ;  we  shall  never 
forget  one  visit  when  one  side  of  a  house  was  a  mass  of 
bloom  of  Cattleya  Mossicz  in  its  many  varieties,  and 
another  when  in  mid  winter  a  mass  of  Calanthe  vestita 
grouped  with  Adiantum,  formed  a  picture  of  unparalleled 
beauty. 


HISTORY  OF  ORCHID  CULTURE  IN  AMERICA.  135 

At  the  present  day  these  would  not  be  wonderful,  but 
at  that  time,  probably,  no  Orchid  house  in  the  world  could 
have  shown  a  finer  display.  The  collection  of  Mr.  Van 
Voorst  embraced  about  two  hundred  and  fifty  species, 
among  which  were  nineteen  species  of  Aerides,  forty  Cat- 
tleyas,  fourteen  Qdontoglossums,  ten  Anczctochiluses,  thirty 
Dendrobiums,  sixteen  Lcelias,  and  was  especially  rich  in 
fine  plants  of  Cattleyas,  Aerides,  Saccolabiums,  and  Den- 
drobiums. There  were  specimens  of  Cattleya  crisp  a,  An- 
sellia  africcifia,  and  Aerides  odoratum,  which  two  men 
could  hardly  lift. 

In  1870,  the  whole  of  the  Van  Voorst  collection  was 
bought  by  Mr.  M.  Lienau,  then  of  Jersey  City.  Mr. 
Lienau  was  one  of  the  first  who  sent  Orchids  to  Europe. 
As  a  young  man,  he  was  sent  to  South  America,  as  super- 
cargo in  one  of  his  uncle's  vessels,  and  saw  fine  Orchids 
with  Mr.  Perrin,  of  Rio  Janeiro.  He  bought  of  Mr. 
Perrin  seventy  pounds  worth,  Lczlia  Perrinii  among  the 
number,  and  sent  them  to  his  uncle  in  Germany.  After 
his  uncle's  death,  he  brought  a  share  of  these  plants  to 
Jersey  City,  and  these,  with  the  large  collection  of  Mr. 
Van  Voorst  and  numerous  importations,  formed  the 
largest  and  finest  collection  in  the  country. 

In  1873  Mr.  Lienau  returned  to  Germany,  taking  with 
him  many  of  his  choicest  plants  to  Hamburg,  where  he 
now  resides,  still  an  amateur  in  Orchids.  The  balance 
of  the  Lienau  collection  was  sold  at  auction,  October  4th, 
5th,  and  6th,  1873.  This  was  the  largest  sale  of  Orchids 
ever  made  in  this  country.  There  were  in  all  917  lots, 
among  which  were  136  Cattleyas,  75  Dendrobiums,  30  Cy- 
pripediums,  12  Selenepediums,  41  Stanhopeas,  25-  Aerides, 
40  Odontoglossums,  70  Oncidiums,  28  Vandas,  and  40 


1 36  ORCHIDS. 

Lalias,  besides  large  numbers  of  Lycastes,  Maxillarias^ 
Miltonias,  Catasetums,  JBrassias,  Brasavolas,  Zygopetalums, 
Epidendrums,  and  a  host  of  various  Orchids.  All  these 
were  established  plants,  many  were  splendid  specimens, 
and  there  were  many  plants  collected  by  Roezl,  among 
which  doubtless  existed  many  fine  and  probably  new 
varieties. 

The  dispersion  of  this  collection  was  in  one  view  a 
great  misfortune,  as  many  rare  plants  were  without  doubt 
lost  by  passing  into  the  possession  of  careless  or  igno- 
rant cultivators. 

The  collections  of  Orchids  in  New  York  and  vicinity 
are  not  now  numerous. 

Mr.  Isaac  Buchanan  still  cherishes  the  love  of  his 
earlier  days,  and  has  at  his  greenhouses  in  Astoria  very 
many  choice  plants. 

John  Cadness,  of  Flushing,  Long  Island,  has  a  small 
sale  collection.  Mr.  S.  B.  Dodd,  of  Hoboken,  has  a  nice 
amateur  assortment ;  John  Patterson,  of  Newark,  N.  J. 
has  a  good  private  collection. 

In  Philadelphia,  Robert  Buist,  one  of  our  oldest  florists, 
has  a  small  Orchid  house.  Mention  should  also  be  made 
of  a  small  assortment  grown  by  Caleb  Cope,  in  Philadel- 
phia, about  1850,  which  was  dispersed  after  his  death. 
At  South  Amboy  we  find  the  splendid  collection  of  Mr. 
George  Such,  in  which  still  exist  many  of  the  Van  Voorst 
plants,  as  at  the  Lienau  sale  Mr.  Such  was  a  large  pur- 
chaser. Although  a  zealous  amateur,  Mr.  Such  sells  sur- 
plus or  duplicate  plants,  and  it  is  from  his  Orchid  houses 
that  many  of  our  present  cultivators  have  first  procured 
their  plants.  To  visit  Mr.  Such's  collection  is  enough  to 
make  one  an  Orchid  amateur,  and  we  are  convinced  such 


HISTORY  OF  ORCHID  CULTURE  IN  AMERICA.   137 

a  visit  has  been  the  first  incentive  to  the  construction  of 
many  an  Orchid  house.  Such  magnificent  Cattleyas, 
Aerides,  Vandas,  Dendrobiums,  Ccelogynes,  Lizlias,  Zygo- 
petalums,  and  hosts  of  other  choice  Orchids,  can  be  found 
nowhere  except  in  the  splendid  collections  at  Albany  of 
which  we  make  mention  hereafter. 

Leaving  New  York  by  the  Hudson,  we  find  at  many  of 
the  country  seats  small  collections  of  Orchids.  At 
Tarrytown,  Mr.  Mitchell  has  a  beautiful  Orchid  house 
containing  some  nice  plants.  At  his  charming  country 
seat  Tioronda,  Matteawan,  Gen.  Joseph  Rowland  has 
an  assortment  of  rare  species  under  perfect  culture. 

At  Rhinebeck,  at  the  residence  of  the  late  William  Kel- 
ley,  there  is  a  good  assortment,  containing  fine  plants,  but 
generally  of  old  and  long  known  species. 

In  Albany  exist  the  finest  collections  of  Orchids  in 
the  United  States.  No  lover  of  Orchids,  in  visiting  Al- 
bany, should  fail  to  spare  a  few  hours  for  the  green- 
houses of  Mr.  Louis  Menand,  an  ardent  lover  of  flowers, 
and  especially  of  Orchids.  We  never  fail  to  find  with 
him  choice  and  rare  plants,  which  we  see  nowhere  else. 
With  Mr.  Menand  a  flower  is  not  valued  for  what  it 
will  bring  in  dollars  and  cents  ;  a  florist,  and  growing 
flowers  for  the  market,  he  has  all  the  love  of  an  ardent 
amateur,  and  his  love  for  his  pet  plants,  which  no  money 
can  buy,  and  his  companionship  with  them,  will  be  ap- 
preciated by  all  lovers  of  flowers,  and  is  as  rare  as  it  is 
attractive. 

At  his  country  place  Ta-wass-a-gun-shee,  near  Albany, 
Erastus  Corning,  Esq.,  has  the  most  extensive  collection 
of  Orchids  in  the  United  States.  There  are  about  four 
hundred  species  and  varieties,  and  many  very  fine  sped- 


138  ORCHIDS. 

mens.  Mr.  Corning  began  his  collection  about  1850, 
with  thirty  species  brought  by  him  from  England,  and 
has  added  to  it  ever  since ;  we  find  seventeen  species  of 
Aerides,  thirty-five  of  'Cattleya,  thirty  of  Cypripedium^ 
twenty-eight  of  Dendrobium,  twenty-one  of  Lcelia,  six  of 
MasdevaHia,  twenty-seven  of  Odontoglossum^  twenty-four 
of  Oncidium,  seven  of  Phalcenopsis,  and  twelve  of  Vanda, 
and  among  these  only  the  choicest  kinds,  many  of  which 
are  almost  unpurchasable  in  England.  Among  plants 
specially  worthy  of  notice  as  large  specimens  are  Aerides 
odoratum  purpur ascent,  Angrcecnm  sesquipedale,  Cattleyas 
labiata  and  Schilleriana,  Lcelia  superbiens,  Masdevallia  Har- 
ryana,  Odontoglossum  Dawsonii,  Phalcenopses  grandiflora 
and  Schilleriana,  Vandas  tricolor,  insignis,  and  suavis,  and 
Saccolabium  retusum.  This  collection  owes  its  perfec- 
tion to  the  watchful  care  and  intelligent  culture  of  the 
head  gardener,  William  Gray,  who  unites  to  an  ardent 
love  of  these  plants  much  scientific  knowledge  and 
great  cultural  experience. 

The  Orchid  house  of  Gen.  John  F.  Rathbone,  in  Al- 
bany, contains  some  of  the  finest  plants  in  America. 
Although  in  species  the  collection  of  Mr.  Corning  is  supe- 
rior, there  are,  in  General  Rathbone's,  single  plants  which, 
as  specimens,  are  unsurpassed.  The  Cattleyas,  Vandas, 
Angrcecums,  and  Phalcenopses,  of  this  latter  collection, 
have  no  equals  in  the  country. 

General  Rathbone  in  1860  imported  from  London  his 
first  Orchid,  Vanda  suavis.  He  writes  :  "  I  was  so  de- 
lighted with  the  plant  and  flowers  that  I  caught  the  Orchid 
fever,  which  I  am  happy  to  say  is  now  prevailing  to  con- 
siderable extent  in  this  country,  and  which  I  trust  will 
become  epidemic  ;  I  purchased  each  year  following  a  few 


HISTORY  OF  ORCHID  CULTURE  IN  AMERICA.  139 

plants.  In  1867,  that  I  might  successfully  grow  this 
charming  family  of  plants,  I  built  a  house  exclusively  for 
Orchids ;  and  now  I  have  a  collection  that  will  compare 
favorably  with  any  in  America.  As  to  my  success  in 
flowering,  let  me  briefly  say  that  I  have  flowered  sin- 
gle plants :  Dendrobium  nobile,  476  flowers  ;  Phalcenop- 
sis  amabalis,  85  flowers ;  Phal&nopsis  Schilleriana,  156 
flowers ;  Angrczcum  eburneum,  30  flowers ;  Angrczcum 
sesquipedale,  12  flowers  ;  Odontoglossum  grande,  48  flow- 
ers ;  Ccelogyne  cristata,  216  flowers;  Cyrtochilum  macula- 
turn^  in  flowers  ;  and  numbers  of  Cattleya  Mossice,  with 
from  fifty  to  seventy  flowers  each." 

General  Rathbone's  collection  contains  now  686  plants, 
all  of  choice  kinds,  and  many  in  superb  specimens.  We 
may  mention  ten  species  of  Aerides,  twenty-seven  of 
Cattleyas,  ten  of  Cypripediums,  twenty-five  of  Dendrobiums^ 
fifteen  of  Odontoglossums,  fifteen  of  choice  Oncidiums, 
six  of  Saccolabiums,  four  of  Phalcenopses,  in  splendid  speci- 
mens, and  eight  of  Vandas. 

There  may  be  other  collections  in  the  country  which 
have  not  come  to  our  notice.  Orchids  are  becoming  pop- 
ular, and  it  is  a  common  thing  to  partition  off  the  warm 
end  of  the  greenhouse  and  grow  a  few  of  the  free-bloom- 
ing species,  and  there  is  hardly  a  greenhouse  where  a 
few  Orchids  cannot  be  found,  if  only  Phajus  grandifolius 
and  Cypripe Jht in  insigne. 

The  Orchids  which  have  been  imported  from  England 
have  generally  come  from  Messrs.  James  Veitch  &  Sons, 
King's  Road,  Chelsea,  London,  who  have  a  fine  collec- 
tion, and  Messrs.  Hugh  Low  &  Son  of  Clapton  Nursery, 
London.  Our  importations  have  been. from  the  latter 
house,  which  is  one  of  the  largest  importers  of  Orchids, 


140 


ORCHIDS. 


employing  many  collectors,  and  they  have  sent  us  many 
plants,  which  have  always  arrived  in  fine  order,  both  from 
careful  selection  and  careful  packing. 

We  trust  the  day  is  not  far  distant,  when  amateurs  in 
this  country  will  send  out  collectors,  and  bring  home  Or- 
chids in  quantity. 

The  Orchids  of  Mexico  and  South  America  are  of 
easy  access,  and  by  the  Pacific  Railroad  the  Orchid 
homes  of  the  East  Indies  are  now  very  near  to  us. 


AERIDES  CRISPUM. 


CHAPTER  XX. 

DESCRIPTIVE   LIST. 

A  WORK  on  Orchids  would  be  incomplete  did  it  fail 
to  give  a  descriptive  list  of  the  different  species,  and 
to  point  out  those  most  worthy  of  cultivation.  There  are 
many  Orchids  which  though  curious  have  insignificant 
flowers  and  are  not  worth  a  place  in  a  collection  unless 
mere  botanical  research  or  curiosity  are  the  objects. 
Again,  in  choosing  plants  an  amateur  is  seldom  able  from 
a  catalogue  to  select  those  which  for  brilliancy  of  color 
and  size  or  singularity  of  flower  are  most  desirable,  and 
few  possess  the  knowledge  requisite  to  make  a  good  se- 
lection. 

In  the  following  list  the  finest  plants,  which  for  bril- 
liancy and  abundance  of  flower  or  for  fragrance  are  desir- 
able, are  marked  with  the  letter  A.  Those  which  are  well 
worth  growing,  but  not  as  fine  as  the  first  class,  by  B. 
The  less  attractive  plants,  "C.  Those  which  for  insignifi- 
cant flowers  should  be  rejected,  R. 

A  small  collection  of  choice  Orchids  will  give  more 
pleasure  than  a  large  house  full  of  more  common  species ; 
and  it  should  be  remembered  that  a  good  plant  requires 
no  more  care  and  occupies  no  more  room  than  a  poor 
one.  The  general  treatment  needed  for  each  plant  is 
noted,  and  more  especially  any  peculiar  culture  which  in- 
dividual varieties  may  require. 

Where  it  has  been  possible  the  work  where  any  species 


142  ORCHIDS. 

or  variety  is  figured  is  indicated,  that  any  one  having  ac- 
cess to  a  Botanical  Library  may  ascertain  the  appearance 
and  study  the  description  of  the  plant  in  a  more  extended 
form  than  we  have  been  able  to  transfer  to  these  pages. 

Acanthophippium.     Blume.     Terrestrial. 

Name  obscure  ?  ffyiinria.,  a  saddle  cloth.     Xenophon. 
B.  Acanthophippium  bicolor.    Ceylon  .  B.  R.,  1730. 

Maud,  Bot,  4,  200. 

Flowers  roundish,  of  a  fine  orange  color  tipped  with 
purple  and  deep  red. 

B.  Acanthophippium  javanicum.  Batavia.  B.  R.,  32,  47. 

B.  M.,  4492. 
Blume,  Orch.,  49. 
Lem.  Jard.,  35. 
M.  O.  P.,  i. 

Petals  and  sepals  pale  yellow,  striped  and  marked  with 
purple.  The  lip  is  narrow  and  is  of  peculiar  form  and 
furnished  with  many  recurved  teeth  ;  the  ground  color  is 
pale  yellow  tinged  with  purple. 

C.  Acanthophippium  striatum.  Lindley.  Nepaul, 

B.  R.,  1838,  68. 

Perianth  pure  white  at  the  base,  striped  with  delicate 
purple ;  the  lip  richly  marked  with  purple. 

R.  Acanthophippium  sylhetense.     Sylhet  .    .    G.  &  S.,  177. 
The  perianth  is  creamy  white,  tinted  with  rose. 

The  flowers  are  produced  plentifully  at  the  base  of  the 
pseudo-bulbs  on  short  peduncles.  The  plants  should  be 


DESCRIPTIVE  LIST.  143 

grown  in  well-drained  pots,  in  a  rich  compost  of  peat  and 
leaf  mould,  with  a  mixture  of  broken  potsherds.  They 
should  be  kept  in  the  coolest  part  of  the  house,  almost 
dry  during  the  resting  season.  As  soon  as  growth  be- 
gins, water  lightly,  increasing  the  supply  according  to  the 
strength  of  the  shoots  ;  if  possible  give  bottom  heat  as 
soon  as  the  plants  begin  to  grow. 

The  flowers  may  by  a  little  management  be  had  at  any 
season  ;  they  are  rather  pretty,  somewhat  fragrant,  and 
remain  a  long  time  in  bloom.  There  are,  however,  so 
many  finer  Orchids  that  except  in  a  large  collection  none 
of  the  species  are  worth  growing. 

Acineta.     Lindley.     Epiphyte. 

Name  from  o/ctVrjTos,  immovable. 

B.  Acineta  Barkeri.     Mexico       .     .     Pax.  Mag.,  14,  145. 

B.  R,  1843,  99- 
I.  H.,  44. 
SYN.  Peristeria  Barkeri ;  Bate  man.     Mexico. 

Flowers  yellow,  in  spikes  about  a  foot  long,  produced 
from  the  bottom  of  the  basket,  blooms  in  summer,  and 
if  kept  dry  will  last  a  long  time  in  perfection.  There  are 
several  varieties  differing  in  intensity  of  color. 

A.  Acineta  Humboltii.   Venezuela    .     .     B.  M.,  4156,  var. 
SYN.  Peristeria  Humboltii.  Fl.  des  Ser.,  992. 

Anguloa  superba.  Lindley.      B.  R.,  1843,  18. 

M.  O.  P.,  i. 

Flowers  large,  deep  chocolate  spotted  with  crimson. 
The  spikes  are  produced  in  the  same  manner  as  in  the 
former  species  but  about  a  month  earlier  ;  they  last  only 
a  short  time  in  perfection. 


144  ORCHIDS. 

A.  Acineta  longiscapa.     Venezuela. 

A  species  bearing  great  resemblance  to  Acineta  Hum- 
boltii,  but  with  smaller  flowers  and  blooming  in  winter. 

Flowers  large,  on  a  long  slender  pendulous  spike,  ten 
to  twenty  in  number,  very  fragrant.  A  free  blooming 
plant  of  easy  culture.  This  species  is  not  found  in  Eu- 
ropean catalogues,  but  is  not  rare  in  American  collec- 
tions. 

There  are  other  species.  Acineta  densa,  from  Costa 
Rica,  is  remarkable  for  a  close  spike  of  deep  yellow 
flowers,  and  is  probably  a  variety  of  Acineta  Barkeri ;  fig- 
ured in  Floral  Magazine,  pi.  16. 

Acineta  erythroxantha,  cryptodonta,  and  sella-turcica,  are 
figured  in  Reich.  Xen.,  pi.  70. 

These  plants  should  be  grown  in  baskets  •  they  send 
their  flower-stems  down  through  the  bottom,  and  care 
should  be  taken  that  nothing  arrests  the  downward 
growth  of  the  bud.  All  species  are  evergreen,  with  short 
pseudo-bulbs  and  leaves  about  a  foot  high. 

They  require  a  liberal  supply  of  water  at  the  roots 
during  the  growing  season. 

Aoranthus.     Lindley.     Epiphyte. 

Name  from  a-fip,  the  air,  and  &?0(fc,  a  flower. 
C.   Acranthus  arachnitis B.  M.,  6034. 

This  is  a  curious  plant  from  Madagascar.  The  foliage 
is  broad,  green ;  the  flowers  on  very  long  peduncles,  of 
very  peculiar  shape,  yellowish  green. 

The  plant  may  be  grown  oh  a  block  or  in  a  pot,  with 
fresh  sphagnum  and  good  drainage.     It  requires  the  hot- 
test house. 
Acranthus  grandiflorus  is  figured      .     .     .     .     B.  R.,  817. 


DESCRIPTIVE  LIST. 


'45 


Acropera.     Lindlcy.     Epiphyte. 

Name  from  &Kpos,  the  end,  ir^pcc,  a  pouch. 

A.  Acropera  armeniaca.     Nicaragua    .    B.  M.,  tab.  5501. 

Bat.  2d  Cen.,  116. 

Flowers  very  large,  rich  apricot  color,  in  long,  pendent 
racemes  all  summer.  A  rapid  grower,  of  easy  culture, 
and  by  far  the  best  of  the  genus.  As  yet  it  is  a  rare 
plant. 

B.  Acropera  Batemanni. 

A  species  resembling  that  last  described,  but  not  so 
desirable. 

C.  Acropera  luteola.     Mexico. 

SYN.  Acropera  lutea. 

Flowers  orange-yellow,  very  plentifully  produced  in 
hanging  bunches  ;  very  fragrant. 

C.  Acropera  Loddigesii.     Mexico  .     .     .     .     B.  M.,  3563. 
SYN.  Maxittaria  Gatteoti. 

Flowers  pale  yellow  marked  with  purple. 

There  are  also  the  sub-varieties,  Acropera  aurantiaca, 
Loddigesii  aurea,  fusca,  purpurea,  which  differ  only  in 
intensity  of  color. 

This  species  is  very  common  and  is  a  pretty  free  grow- 
ing and  free  flowering  plant  of  easy  culture. 

These  plants  are  of  easiest  cultivation.  The  flowers 
are  more  curious  than  beautiful,  and  are  plentifully  pro- 
duced in  pendent  bunches.  Grow  in  pots  or  baskets, 


146  ORCHIDS. 

giving  abundant  waterings  during  the  formation  of  the 
bulbs.  If  grown  in  pots  elevate  the  plant  well  above  the 
rim. 

Ada.     Lindley.     Epiphyte. 

A  complimentary  name. 

Ada  aurantiaca.     New  Granada    .     .     B.  M.,  5435. 

Bat.  2d  Cen.,  113. 
I.  H.,  3,  107. 

A  beautiful  cool  Orchid,  native  of  high  latitudes  in 
New  Granada.  Foliage  evergreen,  broad,  drooping. 
The  flower  spike  terminal  about  ten  inches  long,  droop- 
ing; flowers  clear  orange-yellow,  somewhat  distantly 
placed  on  the  spike,  never  opening  fully.  It  is  a  free- 
growing  plant,  requiring  an  airy  situation  and  not  close 
heat.  With  us  it  has  done  best  when  placed  near  the 
door  of  the  Orchid  house,  where  the  frequent  opening 
made  a  change  of  air.  Pot  in  peat  and  moss,  with  good 
drainage,  and  never  allow  it  to  get  dry.  It  is  a  good 
plan  to  have  it  grow  in  live  sphagnum. 

If  well  grown  it  freely  produces  its  beautiful  flowers  at 
all  seasons,  which,  from  their  rich  and  rare  color,  are 
very  effective.  There  is  but  one  species,  and  the  plant 
is  not  common. 

Aeranthes. 

A  name  signifying  air  plant,  formerly  given  to  some 
species  of  Angrcscum. 


DESCRIPTIVE  LIST.  147 

Aerides.     Loureiro.     Epiphyte. 

Name  from  a-fip,  the  air. 
A.  Aerides  affine.     Sylhet     ....     Wallich. 

SYN.  Epidendrum  geniculatum.       B.  R.,  1841. 

B.  M.,  4049,  as  A. 

roseum. 
SertO.,  15. 
War.  Orch.,  21. 

A  free  flowering  but  slow-growing  plant.  Foliage  light 
green,  a  foot  long  •  flowers  white  and  pink,  spotted  with 
purple,  blooming  on  long  spikes  in  June  and  July,  and 
lasting  three  or  four  weeks  in  perfection.  Unfortunately 
it  is  destitute  of  fragrance. 

Aerides  affine  superbum  and  ntajus  are  fine  varieties, 
with  larger  and  richer  colored  flowers. 

Aerides  ampullaceum.     SYN.  of  Saccolabium  ampullaceum. 
Aerides  Brocket.     SYN.  of  Aerides  crispum. 
Aerides  cormitum.     SYN.  of  Aerides  odoratum. 

A.   Aerides  crispum.     Bombay      .     .     Pax.  Mag..  9,  145. 
SYN.  Aerides  Brookei.  B.  R.,  1841,  126. 

Fl.  des  Ser.,  i,  15. 
I.  H,  123. 
B.  R.,  1842,  55. 

The  finest  species.  The  stem  is  purple,  foliage  dark 
green,  ten  inches  long.  The  perianth  of  the  flower  is 
white,  delicately  tinted  with  purple  toward  the  middle  ; 
the  labellum  is  striped  with  pale  purple,  shading  to  the 


ORCHIDS. 

richest  and  loveliest  hues.    Flowers  in  June  and  July,  and 
lasts  two  or  three  weeks  in  perfection. 

The  length  of  the  flower  spikes  and  size  of  the  flowers 
distinguishes  it  from  other  species.  This  species  should 
never  be  allowed  to  get  entirely  dry. 

A.  Aerides  Lindleyamim.    Coonoors     .    Wight,  Ic.,  1677. 
A  very  fine  .variety,  spike  long  and  branching;  sepals 
and  petals  white  ;  lip  large,  rich  rose. 

A.    Aerides  Warneri.     Bombay. 

A  variety  of  more  slender  habit,  with  smaller  foliage. 
Flowers  white,  with  rosy  spots. 

A.   Aerides  cylindricum B.  M.,  4982. 

SYNS.  Cymbidium  cylindricum.  Wight,  Ic.  1744. 

Epidendrum  subulatum. 
Aerides  vandarum. 

A  singular  and  rare  species,  with  long  terete  stems 
resembling  Vanda  teres.  Flowers  large,  solitary  or  in 
pairs,  from  the  axils  of  the  leaves  white  or  blush,  the 
base  of  central  lobe  touched  with  yellow. 

A.   Aerides  Domini anum. 

A  garden  hybrid  between  Aerides  affine  and  FieldingiL 
Flowers  rich  rose  color.  A  rare  plant. 

Aerides  Fieldingii.     India Jen.  Or.,  20. 

One  of  the  finest  Orchids  in  cultivation ;  commonly 
known  as  the  Foxbrush  Aerides.  The  plant  grows  three 
or  four  feet  high,  and  produces,  in  great  profusion,  long 
branching  spikes  of  white  rosy-spotted  flowers,  often 
clear  bright  rose.  Blooms  in  May  and  June. 


DESCRIPTIVE  L/ST.  149 

Aerides  Huttoni.     See  Aerides  Thibautianum. 

B.   Aerides  japonicum .     B.  M.,  5798. 

A  dwarf,  stiff-growing  species ;  leaves  about  seven 
inches  long  and  one  inch  broad  ;  flower  spikes  six  inches 
long.  Flower  greenish  white,  with  dark  violet  blotch. 

Aerides  guttatum.     See  Saccolabium  guttatum. 

A.   Aerides  Larpenta.     East  Indies. 

SYN.  Aerides fakatum. 

A  fine  species.  Flowers  cream  color,  spotted  with 
light  rose,  in  June.  Foliage  rich  and  green. 

A.   Aerides  Lobbii.     Moulmein I.  H.,  559. 

A  free  growing  and  blooming  species,  of  which  there 
are  many  varieties.  Flower  spikes  long  and  slender; 
flowers  rosy  pink  and  white.*  One  of  the  best  of  the 
genus.  Blooms  in  June. 

A.  Aerides  maculosum.     Bombay       .     Lem.  Jard.,  54. 

B.  R.,  1845,  58. 

Pax.  Mag.,  12,  49. 

A  dwarf,  slow-growing  species.  Leaves  close  and  com- 
pact ;  flowers  from  among  the  upper  leaves  in  clusters ; 
lip  large  ;  crimson  sepals,  and  petals  pale  rose,  spotted 
with  purple.  A  strikingly  beautiful  plant. 

A.  Aerides  Schroderi.  Bombay  .  .  Card.  Mag.,  2,  121. 

Pes.,  33. 

Apparently  a  natural  hybrid,  between  Aerides  crispum 
and  Aerides  maculosum. 

A  fine,  free  growing  plant,  with  dark  green  foliage. 


150  ORCHIDS. 

Flowers  delicate  white,  tinged  with  lilac  and  spotted  with 
rose ;  lip,  rose. 

A.   Aerides  McMorlandi. 

A  rare   species,  producing  long  branching  spikes  of 
peach  and  white  flowers. 

A.   Aerides  margaritaceum.     East  Indies. 

A  pretty  species  with  spotted  leaves.     Flowers  pure 
white. 

A.  Aerides  Mendeli.     East  Indies. 

A  rare  species,  with  flowers  the  size  and  shape  of  Aer- 
ides Larpentcz,  but  pure  white,  tipped  with  rose. 

Aerides  mitratum.     Moulmein B.  M.,  5728. 

A  rare  species,  allied  to  Aerides  cylindricum.     Flowers 
in  short  spikes,  white,  with  purple  lip. 

A.  Aerides  nobile.  Moulmein.  .  .  War.  Orch.,  i,  n. 
A  fine  species,  probably  a  variety  of  Aerides  suavissi- 
mum,  blooming  from  June  to  September.  Spikes  two  or 
three  feet  long,  often  branched;  flowers  white,  shaded 
and  spotted  with  rose. 

A.  Aerides  odoratum.     India,  China,  and 

Cochin  China  .     B.  R.,  1485. 
SYNS.  Aerides  cornutum.  B.  M.,  4139. 

Limodorum  latifolium.  Maund,  Bot., 

Epidendrum  Flos-aeris.  4,  180. 

Fl.  Cab,  75- 
Lindley,  Rox- 
burg,  1485. 

Foliage  light  green,  blossoms  white,  stained  and  shaded 


DESCRIPTIVE  LIST.  \$\ 

with  pink ;  very  fragrant.  Blooms  in  June  and  July,  the 
flowers  remaining  three  weeks  in  perfection. 

Variety  majus  is  a  larger  growing  plant,  with  longer 
spikes  of  bloom. 

Variety  purpurascens  has  flowers  of  darker  pink  and 
broader  foliage. 

A.  Aerides  quinquevulnerum.   Philippines.    Pax.  Mag.,  8, 

241. 

Sert.  O.,  30. 
Jen.  Orch.,  30. 

The  petals  and  sepals  are  white,  spotted  with  purple ; 
at  the  end  of  each  a  spot  of  deep  violet  purple ;  the  top 
of  the  labellum  is  green,  the  sides  are  pink,  and  the  cen- 
tre is  deep  crimson ;  foliage  light  green,  about  one  foot 
long. 

Blooms  in  July  and  August,  and  lasts  about  two  weeks. 
There  are  two  varieties,  one  with  lighter-colored  flowers 
than  the  other. 

Aerides  Farmeri. 

A  rare  variety  with  long  spikes  of  white  flowers. 

A.  Aerides  roseum.     India  ...     I.  H.,  88. 

Pax.  Fl.  G.,  60. 

B.  M.,  4049,  as  qffine. 

Lem.  Jard.,  200. 

A  fine  dwarf  species ;  leaves  a  foot  long,  spotted  with 
brown.  Flowers  rose-colored,  with  crimson  spots,  in  June 
and  July.  This  species  requires  less  moisture  than  the 
other  kinds. 

This  species  is  sometimes  confounded  with  Aerides 
affine.  A  ready  distinction  is  found  in  the  jagged  ex- 


152  ORCHIDS. 

tremities  of  the  leaves  of  the  former,  of  which  there  is 
no  sign  in  Aerides  roseum. 

Aerides  roseum  superbum. 

A  fine  variety  with  much  larger  and  more  highly  col- 
ored flowers. 

Aerides  rubrum.    Madras  Hills. 

A  pretty  species  with  dark  green  foliage  and  pink  flow- 
ers on  short  erect  spikes. 

A.  Aerides  suavissimum.    Malacca  .     .     Pax.  Fl.  G.,  66. 

Lem.  Jard.,  213. 

Foliage  ten  inches  long,  light  green  spotted  with  small 
brown  spots,  sepals  and  petals  white ;  the  lip  has  a 
blotch  of  yellow  in  the  centre  edged  with  white ;  racemes 
long  branched. 

Blooms  in  July,  August,  and  September,  lasting  in  good 
condition  three  weeks. 

Flowers  delightfully  fragrant. 

Aerides  tesselatum.     See  Vanda  Roxburghii. 

B.  Aerides  testaceum.      Ceylon     .     .     Fl.  des  Ser.,  1452. 

SYN.  Aerides  WightiL  B.  M.,  5138. 

Flowers  orange-yellow  ;  lip  beautifully  particolored. 
There  are,  however,  many  varieties,  varying  from  sulphur 
to  white.  In  some  the  flower  is  pearly  white  with  pink 
centre,  as  in  a  plant  which  has  flowered  beautifully  with 
us  for  the  last  two  years. 

The  habit  of  the  plant  is  dwarf.  It  grows  freely  on  a 
block  of  cork  without  moss. 

A.  Aerides  Thibautianum.     Java. 

A  handsome  species  with  long  spikes  of  rosy  flowers 


DESCRIPTIVE  LIST.  153 

with  bright   amethyst  lip.     Also  known  as  Saccolabium 
Huttoni. 

B.  Aerides  Veitchianum.     India. 

A  pretty  little  species  with  dark  green  leaves  covered 
with  small  spots ;  flowers  white  and  pink. 

A.  Aerides  mrens.     Java      .     .     .     B.  R.,  1844, 41- 

Maund,  Bot.,  14, 187. 

A  beautiful  species,  desirable  for  its  light  green  foliage ; 
the  flowers  are  peach  color  or  creamy  white  spotted  with 
purple,  very  fragrant. 

Blooms  in  May  and  June,  lasting  a  long  time  in  per- 
fection. 

Aerides  mrens  Dayanum.     East  Indies. 

A  very  fine  variety,  white  and  pink  flowers  on  a  long 
spike. 

The  varieties  purpurascens,  grandiflorum,  and  super- 
bum,  from  Java,  are  all  desirable. 

This  species  is  the  earliest  to  bloom ;  the  flowers  are 
deliciously  fragrant  and  very  freely  produced. 

Aerides  Wightianum.     See  Aerides  testaceum. 

Aerides  Williamsii.    India      ....     War.  Orch.,  i,  21.' 

A  rare  species,  with  close,  long,  dark  green  foliage; 

flowers  in  immense  long  drooping  spikes,  pink  and  white. 

These  plants  are  all  peculiarly  beautiful,  uniting  rich 
evergreen  foliage,  graceful  habit,  and  elegant  flowers  of 
exquisite  fragrance.  The  stem  of  the  plant  is  straight  or 
slightly  bent,  with  leaves  attached  on  opposite  sides ;  the 
plants  have  large  fleshy  roots  shooting  horizontally  from 
the  lower  part  of  the  stem.  The  racemes  of  flowers  are 


154  ORCHIDS. 

one  to  three  feet  in  length,  often  branched.  They  are  of 
easy  growth. 

They  should  have  a  good  supply  of  heat  and  moisture 
in  the  growing  season,  which  is  from  March  to  the  latter 
part  of  October.  At  this  season  the  day  temperature 
should  range  from  70  to  80  ;  the  night  temperature  in 
March  and  April,  65  to  70,  and  afterward  70  to  75. 

The  plants  may  be  grown  in  baskets,  in  pots,  or  on 
blocks.  Sphagnum  moss  and  broken  potsherds  are  the 
best  of  potting  materials.  They  should  never-  be  allowed 
to  become  wholly  dry,  as  the  roots  are  liable  to  shrivel 
and  the  bottom  leaves  to  fall  off.  They  require  but  a 
short  season  of  rest,  and  the  moss  should  always  be  kept 
damp,  but  during  the  resting  season  no  water  should  be 
allowed  to  rest  at  the  base  of  the  leaves. 

They  are  propagated  by  cutting  them  in  pieces,  having 
a  root  attached  to  each  piece ;  some  are,  however,  easier 
to  increase  than  others.  No  collection  of  Orchids  can  be 
complete  without  some  of  these  charming  plants. 

Aerobion. 

An  old  name  of  Angrcecum. 

Aganisia.    Lindley.    Demarara.    B.  R.,  26, 32. 

Name  from  ayavts,  lovely. 

A.  Aganisia  pulchella  is  a  very  pretty  and  rare  Orchid. 
The  root  stock  is  creeping,  producing  at  intervals  of 
about  two  inches  small  pseudo-bulbs,  each  supporting  a 
single  dark  green  leaf.  The  flowers  are  borne  on  a  short 
erect  scape  from  the  base  of  the  bulb  ;  they  are  white 
with  yellow  blotch,  with  red  eye  in  centre  of  the  lip.  It 
may  be  grown  either  in  a  pot  with  moss  and  peat,  or  on 


DESCRIPTIVE  LIST.  155 

a  block,  but  requires  at  all  seasons  plenty  of  heat  and 
water.     Syringe  the  roots  freely  in  the  growing  season. 

Ansectochilus.    Blume.    Terrestrial. 

Name  from  avoiKTJs,  open,  and  xe^os>  lip- 

These  beautiful  foliaged  plants  are  not  of  easy  growth, 
and  are  far  oftener  lost  than  preserved  in  good  condition. 

They  require  a  short  season  of  rest,  during  which  water 
must  be  less  freely  given,  and  want  of  attention  in  this 
respect  results  in  the  loss  of  the  plants.  The  stem  and 
leaves  should  have  plenty  of  light  (not  sun),  and  air,  yet 
the  plants  must  be  grown  under  bell  glasses,  but  these 
should  be  tilted  so  as  to  admit  air  and  the  condensed 
moisture  be  wiped  off  several  times  a  day. 

They  are  somewhat  subject  to  the  attacks  of  green  fly, 
red  spider,  and  thrips,  for  which  slight  fumigation  must 
be  given. 

In  Chapter  X.  we  have  given  lists  of  the  best  species, 
with  notes  of  our  own  experience  in  their  culture. 

Some  of  the  species  are  figured  as  follows  :  — 

A.  Dawsonianus Fl.  des  Sen,  1800. 

Jen.  Orch.,  43. 

A.  Lobbii Fl.  des  Ser.,  519. 

A.  Lowii Fl.  des  Ser.,  370, 

as  Cheirostylis. 

A.  Reinwardtii Blume,  Orch.,  10. 

Bel.  Hort.,  1861,  18. 

A.  Roxburghii  ......     Blume,  Orch.,  12. 

Bel.  Hort,  1861,  18. 


ORCHIDS. 

A.  setaceus B.  M.,  1208, 

Fl.  des  Ser.,  2,  15.  var.  4123. 

B.  R.,  2010. 

A.  Ordiana Jen.  Orch.,  43. 


Angrsecum.     Du  Petit   Tkouars.     Epiphyte. 

Name  from  the  Indian  name  Angrec. 

A.  Angrczcum  bilobum.     Cape  Coast  Castle.    B.  M.,  4159. 

SYN.  Angracum  apiculatum.  B.  R.,  27, 35. 

A  lovely  small-growing  Orchid  with  long  drooping  ra- 
cemes of  snow-white  flowers,  tipped  with  pink,  and 
slightly  fragrant. 

The  leaves  are  cloven  at  the  point,  whence  the  name. 
This  species  should  have  plenty  of  moisture  at  the  roots ; 
grow  on  a  block  or  in  a  basket.  Blooms  in  autumn. 

B.  Angr&eum  caudatum.     Sierra  Leone   .     .   B.  M.,  4370. 

B.  R.,  1844. 

A  desirable  species  with  greenish-yellow,  long  tailed 
flowers  ;  lip  pure  white.  It  is  rather  curious  than  beauti- 
ful, but  remains  long  in  bloom,  and  is  always  a  conspicu- 
ous plant.  Blooms  all  summer. 

B.  Angrcecum  Chailluanum.     Sierra  Leone.    B.  M.,  5589. 
A  rare  species,  allied  to  and  somewhat  resembling  that 
last  described.     Flowers  white,  .with  long,  greenish  tail, 
in  pendulous  spikes. 

B.  Angrmum  titratum.     Madagascar     .     .     B.  M.,  5624. 
A  pretty  species  with  pale  yellow   flowers,  of    dwarf 
growth. 


DESCRIPTIVE  LIST. 


157 


C.  Angrczcum  distichum.     Sierra  Leone      .     B.  M.,  4145. 

B.  R.,  1781. 

Flowers  snowy  white  with  yellow  lip.  A  charming  lit- 
tle plant  with  compact  foliage,  unlike  any  other  Orchid. 
It  is  not  showy,  but  very  curious.  Should  be  grown  on  a 
block  with  moss. 

A.  Angrizcum  eburneum.  Madagascar.    B.  R.,  1522. 
SYNS.  Limodorum  eburneum.  B.  M.,  4761. 

Acrobion  eburneum.  Bat.  2d  Cen.,  in. 

B.   M.,  5170,  var. 

This  is  a  fine  Orchid  with  light  green  leaves  eighteen 
inches  long ;  the  flowers  greenish  white ;  lip  of  ivory 
whiteness.  The  flowers  are  produced  in  upright  spikes, 
and  when  the  plant  is  strong  very  abundantly.  They 
have,  at  night,  the  fragrance  of  Narcissus  poeticus.  The 
plant  is  of  stately  growth,  and  ornamental  when  not  in 
bloom.  Lasts  three  months  in  full  beauty. 

A.  Angrcecum  eburneum  virens. 

A  very  pretty  variety  with  greenish-white  flowers,  on 
more  slender  spikes.  A  very  free  bloomer  in  mid-winter. 

A.  Angr&cum  Ellisii.     Madagascar      .     Fl.  Mag.,  2,  191. 

A  rare  Orchid ;  leaves  ten  inches  long  by  two  inches 
broad ;  dark  green  on  the  upper  side,  paler  below. 

Flower-spikes  two  feet  long,  arching,  bearing  from 
eighteen  to  twenty-four  flowers ;  pure  white  and  very  fra- 
grant; tail  six  inches  long,  light  cinnamon  color.  The 
profile  of  the  flower  is  an  exact  resemblance  of  a  cocka- 
too. 


158  ORCHIDS. 

Angr&cum  falcatum.    China  and  Japan.    B.  R.,  283. 

SYN.  Limodorum  falcatum.  Sert.  Bot.,  vol.  7, 

as  Limodorum. 
B.  M.,  2097. 

A  pretty  little  plant  with  narrow,  dark  green  foliage. 
Flowers  pure  white,  fragrant,  with  long  tail  and  large  for 
the  size  of  the  plant.  With  us  this  species  grows  freely 
in  a  block  in  the  cool  house. 

B.  Angrcecum  pelluddum.     Sierra  Leone      .     B.  R.,  30,  2. 

A  very  pretty  plant  resembling  a  Phalcenopsis  in  growth, 
with  drooping  racemes  of  delicate,  crystalline,  snow-white 
flowers. 

May  be  grown  in  a  basket. 

B.  Angrcecum  pertusum.     Sierra  Leone      .     B.  M.,  4782. 
This  species  is  in  growth  very  much  like  an  Aerides. 
The  pure  white  flowers  are  produced  in  March,  in  close, 
drooping  spikes,  and  are  very  graceful  and  elegant. 

A.  Angrcecum  sesquipedak.  Madagascar.  War.  Orch.,  31. 

Bat.  2d  Cen.,  151.  I.  H.,  475. 

Jen.  Orch.,  3.  B.  M.,  5113. 

This  magnificent  plant  was  brought  by  Rev.  Wm.  Ellis 
from  Madagascar,  where  it  grows  in  great  profusion,  cov- 
ing trees  from  top  to  bottom.  The  stems  are  three  or 
four  feet  high,  the  foliage  a  foot  long,  dark  glaucous 
green ;  flowers  six  inches  in  diameter,  ivory  white,  with 
tail  from  ten  to  eighteen  inches  long.  It  is  a  very  free- 
growing  and  flowering  plant,  blooming  when  very  small. 
We  have  now  (January,  1876)  a  plant  only  a  foot  high, 
with  two  breaks,  producing  seven  spikes  of  bloom.  The 


DESCRIPTIVE  LIST.  159 

flowers  are  powerfully  fragrant,  almost  unpleasantly  so, 
at  night. 

A.  Angracum  superbum.  Madagascar.    Thouars,  Or.  Afri. 
SYNS.  Angrtzcum  virescens   (Lind).      tab.  62,  63,  64. 

Acrobion  superbum    (Sprengel). 

This  species  differs  from  eburneum  in  being  of  stronger 
growth,  the  lip  of  the  flower  is  more  square,  and  the 
flowers  are  larger. 

These  plants  require  the  same  general  treatment  as 
Aerides.  They  must  all,  except  A.falcatum,  be  grown  in 
the  hottest  house,  with  plenty  of  moisture.  If  well 
treated,  they  never  fail  to  flower  freely,  and  are  especially 
desirable  as  they  mostly  bloom  in  mid-winter.  The 
flowers  of  all  last  long  in  perfection. 

There  are  many  other  species,  all  natives  of  Africa, 
but  a  large  portion  have  insignificant  flowers. 

Anguloa.     Ruiz  and  Pavon.     Epiphyte. 

Dedicated  to  Francesco  de  Angulo. 

A.  Anguloa  Clowesii.     Colombia      .  .     War.  Orch.,  33. 

B.  R.,  1844,  63.  Pes.,  17. 

B.  M.,  4313.  M.  O.  P.,  2. 

A  beautiful  species,  with  bright  yellow  sepals  and 
petals,  and  pure  white  lip. 

Blooms  in  June  and  July,  the  flower  lasting  long  in 
perfection,  if  kept  in  a  cool  house. 

Anguloa  macrantha. 

A  rare  variety,  with  bright  yellow  flowers,  spotted  with 
red, 


l6o  ORCHIDS. 

Anguloa  eburnea.     New  Granada.     .     Bat.  2d  Cen.,  159. 
Pseudo-bulbs    dark     colored,    leaves    bright     green. 
Flowers  large,   pure  white,  lip  spotted  with  pink.     By 
some  considered  the  same  as  A.  uniflora. 

A.  Anguloa  Ruckerii.     Mexico     .     .     M.  O.  P.,  3. 

B.  M.,  5384.  War.  Orch.,  2,  10. 

Bat.  2d  Cen.,  144.  B.  R.,  1846,  41. 

A  fine  species,  flowering  at  the  same  time  as  the  pre- 
ceding. Perianth  yellowish-green,  thickly  covered  with 
small  spots  of  deep  crimson.  The  fragrance  of  the 
flower  resembles  Lycaste  aromatica. 

Anguloa  sanguinea  has  flowers  of  rich  blood  color. 

B.  Anguloa  uniflora.     Colombia     .    M.  O.  P.,  i. 

Bat.  2d  Cen.,  159. 
B.  R.,  1844,  60. 
B.  M.,  4807. 

This  species  produces  in  June  and  July  a  single  large 
white  flower,  faintly  marked  with  yellow,  of  an  agreeable 
perfume,  lasting  two  or  three  weeks  in  perfection. 

A  variety  has  white  flowers,  spotted  all  over  with  dark 
brown,  and  is  sometimes  called  Anguloa  virginalis.  It  is 
a  handsome  and  rare  plant. 

The  bulbs  of  these  plants  are  about  three  inches  high, 
with  flag-shaped  leaves  a  foot  or  more  long ;  the  flowers 
are  produced  from  the  base  of  the  bulbs.  They  should 
be  grown  in  pots,  in  fibrous  peat,  with  good  drainage. 
Place  them  during  the  growing  season  in  the  East  Indian 
house,  with  moderate  heat  and  moisture ;  afterwards  re- 
move to  a  cooler  house.  They  should  have  a  long  rest, 


DESCRIPTIVE  LIST.  l6j 

during  which  they  should  be  kept  rather  dry  until  growth 
begins.  They  are  propagated  by  dividing  the  bulbs  just 
before  they  begin  to  grow. 

They  require  large  pots  and  moderate  heat,  excess 
soon  killing  them. 

In  England  they  have  been  grown  to  great  perfection 
under  the  shade  of  vines  in  a  grapery,  single  plants  hav- 
ing produced  sixty  flowers.  They  are  very  showy  plants, 
but  wholly  wanting  in  delicacy  and  grace. 

Ansellia.     Lindley.     Epiphyte. 

A.  Ansellia  africana.    Sierra  Leone.    Pax.  Mag.,  13,  241. 

B.  R.,  1846,  30. 
B.  M.,  4965. 

A  fine  plant,  growing  three  feet  high.  The  flowers 
proceed  from  the  top  of  the  bulb,  with  sixty  or  seventy 
flowers  on  a  spike. 

The  plant  blooms  in  January,  and  keeps  in  perfection 
for  months  ;  it  is  one  of  the  finest  plants  for  winter 
blooming. 

It  requires  the  heat  of  the  East  Indian  house,  and  may 
be  grown  on  wood,  but  is  far  better  grown  in  a  large 
pot  in  rough  peat  with  good  drainage ;  the  roots  should 
be  well  watered  two  or  three  times  a  week,  but  the  young 
shoots  should  not  be  wet.  Propagated  by  dividing  the 
bulbs  after  they  have  finished  their  growth.  The  color 
of  the  flowers  is  pale  yellow,  with  deep  purple  spots.  A. 
africana  gigantea  is  a  fine  variety. 

Ansellia  lutea.     Natal. 

A  variety  with  light  yellow  flowers,  of  more  delicate 
habit,  sometimes  called  A.  natalensis. 


1 62  ORCHIDS. 

Aporum.     Blume.     Epiphyte. 

Name  from  air6pv£,  a  running  shoot,  referring  to  the  growth  of  the 
plant. 

The  following  are  the  species,  which  possess  little  to 
recommend  them  :  — 

Aporum  anceps.     Manilla B.  R.,  1259. 

SYN.  Dendrobium  anceps.  B.  M.,  3608. 

Lodd.  Cab.,  1895. 

Aporum  indivisum.    Java.       A.  lobatum.    Java. 
A.  incrassatum.    Java.  A.  Serra.     Singapore. 

A.  leonis.     Lind.  A.  sinuatum.     Lind. 

Arachnis.     Blume.     Epiphyte. 

Name  from  Arachne,  who  was  turned  into  a  spider. 

B.  Arachnis  moschifera. 

Is  a  rare  and  peculiar  plant,  resembling  in  growth 
a  Renanthera.  The  flowers  are  large,  creamy  white  or 
lemon,  and  resemble  a  spider;  they  have  a  delicate 
musky  odor,  and  continue  long  in  perfection.  The  old 
spike  continues  to  produce  flowers  from  the  point  for 
a  long  time.  Native  of  Java. 

This  plant  should  be  potted  in  peat  and  sphagnum,  with 
good  drainage,  but  is  best  grown  in  a  basket,  and  also 
does  well  on  a  block. 

Arpophyllum.     La  Llave.     Epiphyte. 

Name  from  aptrfj,  a  scimeter,  and  $v\Xov,  a  leaf. 
B.   Arpophyllum  cardinale.     Guatemala.       .     .     Pes.,  45. 

SYN.  Ccslia  squarrosa. 

A  very  pretty  species,  with  spikes  of  rosy  flowers,  with 
deep  red  lip.  Flowers  in  summer. 


DESCRIPTIVE  LIST.  163 

B.  Arpophyllum  giganteum.     Mexico  and 

Guatemala.    War.  Orch.,  39. 

Flowers  in  compact  spikes,  from  the  top  of  the  bulbs  ; 
dark  purple  and  rose,  resembling  little  shells.  The 
foliage  is  drooping,  dark  evergreen. 

We  have  found  this  plant  difficult  to  bloom.  It  is  a 
free  grower ;  its  blooming  season  is  spring. 

C.  Arpophyllum  spicatum.     Mexico     .     .     .     B.  M.,  6022. 
Flowers  dark  red  on  an  upright  spike  in  winter. 

Arpophyllum  squarrosum  =  Arpophyllum  cardinale. 

These  plants  are  all  of  easy  culture  in  the  Mexican 
house.  They  should  be  grown  in  pots,  in  peaty  loam, 
and  require  frequent  watering. 

All  are  graceful  in  growth,  and  the  pretty  flowers  last 
long  in  perfection.  Propagated  easily  by  division.  They 
need  generous  culture,  as  the  bulbs  do  not  flower  unless 
large. 

Arundina.     Blume.     Terrestrial. 

Name  from  arundo,  a  reed. 

C.  Arundina  bambusifolia.    Nepaul ;  Chittagong. 
SYNS.  Cymbidium  bambusifolia. 

Bktia  graminifolia. 
Flowers  delicate  rose  with  rich  crimson  purple  lip. 

C.  Arundina  densa.     Singapore      .     .     B.  R.,   1842,  38. 

Perianth  rose  with  brown  lip  striped  with  yellow,  of  an 
agreeable  perfume. 

This  species  should  always  have  a  moist  atmosphere. 


164  ORCHIDS. 

These  plants  should  be  grown  in  pots,  in  the  East 
Indian  house,  with  plenty  of  heat  and  moisture. 

Aspasia.     Lindley.     Epiphyte. 

From  ao-Trafouat,  to  cling  to. 

C.  Aspasia  epidendroides.    Colombia     .     .     Fl.  Cab.,  8. 
SYN.  Aspasia  fragrans.  B.  M.,  3962. 

The  sepals  are  yellow  and  brown,  the  petals  light  pur- 
ple blending  in  the  green  of  the  outside,  the  lip  white 
with  purple  in  the  centre. 

This  species  needs  little  heat,  and  should  have  plenty 
of  air. 

B.  Aspasia  lunata.  Rio  Janeiro.   Lindley.   B.  R.,  1844,  49. 

SYN.  Aspasia  odorata.  Reich.  Xen.,  34. 

Perianth  greenish  yellow  with  dots  of  vivid  yellow  barred 
with  dark  brown,  lip  white  with  a  crescent  violet  spot  in 
the  middle. 

Aspasia  lunata  superba  is  a  fine  variety. 

C.  Aspasia  variegata.     Panama     .     .     .     .     B.  R.,  1907. 

B.  M.,  3679. 

Flowers  greenish,  variegated  with  dark  brown  :  lip 
white  tinted  with  rose  with  a  deep  purple  spot.  Very 
fragrant  in  the  morning. 

The  plants  should  be  grown  in  baskets  or  on  wood 
with  plenty  of  moss.  They  also  succeed  in  well  drained 
pots,  are  all  of  easy  culture,  and  bloom  freely.  • 

Auliza. 
Auliza  ciliare  is  Epidendrum  dliare. 


DESCRIPTIVE  LIST.  1 6$ 

B. 

Barkeria.     Knowles  and  Wescott.     Epiphyte. 

Dedicated  to  George  Barker. 
A.  Barkeria  elegans.     Mexico     .     .     .     Pes.,  10. 

B.  M.,  4784. 
I.  H,  23. 
Fl.  Cab.,  49. 
Fl.  des  Ser.,  959. 

Perianth  delicate  lilac  rose ;  lip  horn-shaped,  white 
ground  with  purple  spots,  violet  at  the  base,  marked  with 
golden  yellow. 

A  rare  plant,  of  difficult  culture. 

A.  Barkeria  Lindleyana.  Costa  Rica.     Bat,  28. 

B.  R.,  1842,  5. 
Pax.  Mag.,  13, 193. 
B.  M.,  6098,  as  Ep- 

idendrum. 
Jen.  Orch.,  14. 

Flowers  rich  purple  with  a  blotch  of  white  in  the  centre 
of  the  lip.  Blooms  in  September  and  October,  lasting  a 
long  time  in  good  condition. 

A.  Barkeria  melanocaulon.     Costa  Rica. 

Flowers  lilac  pink,  with  a  spot  of  green  in  the  centre  -, 
blooms  from  June  to  September,  continuing  long  in  per- 
fection. 

A.  Barkeria  Skinnerii.  Guatemala    .     Pax.  Mag.,  15,  i. 

SYNS.  Epidendrum  Skinneri.  B.  M.,  4094. 3951. 

Epidendrum  clavatum.  B.  R.,  1870,  1881. 


1 66  ORCHIDS. 

Flowers  deep  rose,  produced  from  November  to  Feb- 
ruary, on  a  spike  one  and  a  half  feet  long. 

This  plant  is  usually  known  as  a  Barkeria,  but  is  clearly 
an  Epidendrum,  since  "  the  column  is  wingless  and  adnate 
to  the  labellum." 

A.  Barkeria  Skinnerii  superba.    Venezuela. 

Fl.  Mag.,  185. 

War.  Orch.,  38. 

A  very  fine  variety,  stronger  in  growth,  with  a  longer 
spike,  sometimes  branched,  and  more  brilliant  flowers. 

A.  Barkeria  spectabilis.    Guatemala.     Bat,  33. 

B.  M.,  4094. 
Pax.  Mag.,  10,  169. 
Fl.  des  Ser.,  124. 

Flowers  brilliant  rosy  lilac  dotted  with  deep  crimson, 
lip  white  at  base.  Blooms  in  June  and  July,  lasting  three 
or  four  weeks  in  perfection. 

There  is  a  wonderful  variety  in  imported  plants  of  this 
species,  scarce  two  being  exactly  alike,  and  all  beautiful. 

These  plants  lose  their  leaves  during  the  resting  sea- 
son. The  flowers  appear  from  the  top  of  the  slender 
bulbs,  on  many  flowered  peduncles.  They  are  best  grown 
on  flat  blocks  without  any  moss,  the  fleshy  roots  clinging 
to  the  block ;  keep  in  the  Mexican  house,  and  give  plenty 
of  air  during  the  growing  season,  and  water  once  or  twice 
a  day  ;  during  the  resting  season  give  water  only  once  or 
twice  a  week.  Grow  them  near  the  glass  in  plenty  of 
light  and  air,  but  little  sun.  All  are  very  free  bloomers. 


DESCRIPTIVE  LIST.  \6f 

Batemania.     Lindley.     Epiphyte. 

Dedicated  to  James  Bateman. 

C.  Batemania  Beaumontii.     Para. 

A  dwarf-growing  plant,  with  light  green  foliage,  flowers 
large,  light  green  marked  with  brown.  Known  also  as 
Gakottia,  which  see. 

A.  Batemania  Burtii.    Costa  Rica    .     B.  M.,  6003. 

Fl.  Mag.,  2,  101. 

War.  Orch.,  2,  35. 

A  very  showy  and  rare  plant,  closely  allied  to  Bate- 
mania meleagris.  It  is  a  magnificent  Orchid,  both  in  lux- 
uriance of  foliage  and  beauty  of  flower.  Sepals  and 
petals  reddish  brown  with  yellow  spots  and  bases;  lip 
white  and  brownish  purple,  with  curious  ciliated  appen- 
dage. Flowers  three  inches  in  diameter  on  single  stems. 

C.  Batemania  Colleyi.     Demerara    .    .     .     B.  M.,  3818. 

B.  R.,  1714. 

Flowers  purple  inside,  dashed  with  green  on  the  out- 
side j  the  lip  is  white  marked  with  purple  and  red. 

B.  Batemania  grandiflora.    New  Granada. 

B.  M.,  5567. 

Bat  2d  Cen.,  172. 

A  very  pretty  species.  The  flower-spike  comes  up  with 
the  young  growth,  bearing  several  green  and  brown  flow- 
ers, with  a  white  lip  with  orange  base. 

A.  Batemania  meleagris.   Brazil   .     .  Reich.  Xen.,  i,  66. 

Maund,  Bot,  3, 146. 
B.  R.,  1839,  J4- 


1 68  ORCHIDS. 

A  very  showy  species,  with  large  yellow  and  brown 
flowers  in  summer.  Lip  white  rayed  with  reddish  purple. 
Generally  known  as  Huntleya  meleagris. 

There  are  about  half  a  dozen  species  of  this  genus,  all 
with  radical  light  green  leaves  and  showy  flowers.  They 
should  be  grown  in  pots  in  sphagnum,  with  good  drainage 
and  plenty  of  water  in  the  growing  season. 

The  intermediate  house  is  the  best  place  for  them.  As 
they  have  no  pseudo-bulbs,  they  must  not  become  dry, 
but  care  must  be  taken  not  to  overwater  when  they  are  at 
rest. 

Bifrenaria.     Lindley.     Epiphyte. 

From  bis,  double,  and  frenum,  a  bridle. 

C.  Bifrenaria  atropurpurea.     Rio  Janeiro. 

SYN.  Maxillaria  atropurpurea.      B.  C.,  1877. 

Lodd.  Cab.,  1877. 
Flowers  dark  purple,  of  a  pleasant  fragrance. 

C.  Bifrenaria  aurantiaca.     Demerara    .     .     B.  M.,  3597. 

B.  R,,  1875. 
Flowers  yellowish-orange,  marked  with  brown. 

C.  Bifrenaria  aureo  fulva.     Brazil    .     .     .     B.  M.,  3629. 
SYN.  Maxillaria  stenopetala  and  aureo     B.  R.,  1875. 
fulva.  Fl.  Cab.,  83. 

Flowers  large,  orange,  with  bronze  lustre. 

A.  Bifrenaria  Hadwenii.     Rio  Janeiro.    Fl.  des  Ser.,  731. 

B.  M.,  4629. 
Lem.  Jard.,  232. 
Perianth  green,  marked  with  deep  brown ;  the  lip  white, 


DESCRIPTIVE  LIST.  169 

beautifully  lighted  with  deepest  rose.     Known,  also,  and 
correctly,  as  Scuticaria. 

Bifrenaria  Harrisonics.     See  Maxillaria  Harrisonia. 

C.  Bifrenaria  inodora.      Brazil     .     .     .     Reich.  Xen.,  94. 
Flowers  large  green,  with  bright  violet  lip. 

R.  Bifrenaria  racemosa.     Brazil     .     .     Lodd.  Cab.,  1318. 
SYN.  Maxillaria  racemosa.  B.  R.,  1566. 

B.  M.,  2789. 
Flowers  small,  yellowish-green,  crimson  lip. 

R.  Bifrenaria  vitellina.     Brazil    .     .     .     B.  R.,  1839,  12. 

SYN.  Maxillaria  vitellina. 

Small,  deep  yellow  flowers ;  the  lip  has  a  brown  spot  in 
the  centre. 

These  plants  are  grown  in  pots  like  Maxillaria,  to 
which  family  they  are  closely  allied,  and  to  which  they 
were  formerly  given. 

Some  of  the  species,  however,  do  well  on  blocks  or  in 
baskets.  They  require  moderate  heat  and  watering,  and 
not  full  sun-light. 


Bletia.     Ruiz  and  Pavon.     Terrestrial. 

Dedicated  to  Louis  Blet. 

C.  Bletia  acutipetala.    Carolina    ....     B.  M.,  3217. 
Flowers  pale  rose ;  lip  purplish  rose,  yellowish  at  the 
base.     Sometimes   considered  the   same  as  Bletia  verc- 
cunda. 


1^0  ORCHIDS. 

B.  Bletia  campanulata.     Mexico ;  Peru. 

Flowers  deep  purple,  white  centre.  Blooms  at  different 
seasons,  lasting  a  long  time  in  perfection. 

C.  Bletia  coccinea.     Mexico. 
Flowers  deep  red. 

C.  Bletia  florida.     Trinidad B.  R.,  1401. 

SYNS.  Cymbidium  floridum. 
Gyas  florida. 

Bletia  pallida.     Lodd.  Cab.,  629. 
Flowers  pale  flesh  color  ;  lip  white,  striped  with  yellow. 

R.  Bletia  gracilis.   Mexico     ....     Lodd.  Cab.,  1977. 

B.  R.,  1681. 

The  perianth  is  yellowish  brown ;  the  lip  flesh-color 
veined  with  crimson  on  the  upper  part ;  the  other  parts 
of  the  flower  green. 

R.  Bletia  Guincensis.     Sierra  Leone. 
Flowers  small  purple. 

R.  Bletia  Havanensis. 
Flowers  apricot  color. 

B.  Bletia  hyacinthina.    China  ...     Lodd.  Cab.,  1968. 
SYNS.  Limodorum  striatum.  B.  M.,  1492. 

Epidendrum  striatum.  Sert.  Bot.,  7. 

Cymbidium  striatum. 
Cymbidium  hyacinthinum. 
Gyas  humilis. 

The  flowers  are  beautiful  rose  purple,  shading  to  lilac ; 
the  lip  pale  red,  marked  with  deep  crimson. 

This  species  should  be  grown  in  the  greenhouse. 


DESCRIPTIVE  LIST.  \J\ 

Bletia  hyadnthina  albo  striata.     Japan. 

This  variety  is  like  the  species,  except  that  all  the 
nerves  are  white,  which  makes  a  pretty  variegation. 

B.  Bletia  Parkinsonii.    Mexico     .     .     .     .     B.  M.,  3736. 
Flowers  small,  rosy ;  lip  marked  with  red  and  yellow. 

C.  Bletia  patula.     St.  Domingo     ....     B.  M.,  3518. 
Flowers  dark  purple,  with  white  lip.     Blooms  in  March 

and  April. 

C.  Bletia  Shepherdii.     Jamaica     .     .     B.  M.,  3319.  * 

Pax.  Mag.,  2,  146- 

Flowers  purple,  with  yellow  marking  down  the  centre. 
Blooms  in  winter,  on  a  long  spike,  which  keeps  in  perfec- 
tion three  or  four  weeks. 

B.  Bletia  Sherrattiana.     New    Granada     .     B.  M.,  5646. 
A  very  pretty  species,  with  large  rose-colored  flowers. 

Bletia  TankervillicK.     See  Phajus  grandifolins. 

C.  Bletia  verectmda.    West  Indies     .     .     B.  M.,  930. 

SYNS.  Limodorum  altum.  B.  M.,  116. 

Limodorum  verecundum.  Pax.  Mag.,  146- 

Limodorum  tuberosum. 
Limodorum  trifidum. 
Limodorum  purpureum. 
Cymbidium  verecundum. 
Cymbidium  altum. 
Gyas  verecunda. 

Sepals  rose,  petals  purple,  lip  purple  with  yellow  rays 
and  stripes. 

Bletia  Woodfordii.     See  Phajus  maculatus.     B.  M.,  2719. 


ORCHIDS. 

These  plants  are  easily  grown  if  kept  from  frost.  The 
foliage,  which  is  long  and  narrow,  proceeding  from  round 
flat  bulbs,  is  deciduous.  They  should  be  grown  in  loam 
and  leaf-mould,  with  good  drainage.  They  need  plenty 
of  water  when  growing,  and  not  much  heat,  and  during 
the  resting  season  very  little  moisture.  Give  a  long  rest. 

In  potting,  it  is  best  to  plant  several  tubers  in  a  pot,  as 
thus  they  make  more  show  when  in  bloom. 

Bolbophyllum.    Du  Petit  Thotiars.    Epiphyte. 

Name  from  /3oA;8os,  a  bulb,  and  <j>v\\ov,  a  leaf. 

C.  Bolbophyllum  barbigerum.     Sierra  Leone.    B.  M.,  5288. 

A  dwarf  species,  with  greenish  brown  flowers,  the  lip 

covered  with  dark  hair,  so  loosely  attached  at  base  as  to 

move  by  the  slightest  breath ;  remains  long  in  perfection. 

B.  Bolbophyllum  Henshallii.  Java  .  Card.  Mag.,  269. 
Flowers  large,  solitary,  deep  yellow,  marked  with  purple 
and  spotted.  Bloom  in  summer,  lasting  long  in  beauty. 
Known  also  as  Bolbophyllum  Lobbii  and  Sarcopodium 
Lobbii. 

B.  Bolbophyllum  maculatum.     East  Indies. 

A  pretty  species,  of  easy  culture,  with  spotted  flowers. 

Bolbophyllum  reticulatum.   Borneo.     .     Bat.  2d  Cen.,  190. 

B.  M.,  5605. 

Flowers  in  pairs,  white,  with  purple  stripes  ;  lip  spotted 
with  purple.  A  pretty  plant,  and  the  best  of  the  genus. 

C.  Bolbophyllum  saltatorium.     Africa     .     .     B.  R.,  1970. 
Flowers  greenish  brown,  produced  at  different  seasons. 

Bolbophyllum  Siamense.     Siam. 

Flowers  pale  yellow,  striped  with  purple. 


DESCRIPTIVE  LIST.  1.73 

These  plants  are  small,  and  usually  more  curious  than 
beautiful.  They  are  grown  on  small  blocks  with  a  little 
moss,  or  in  pots,  in  the  warmest  parts  of  the  house  j 
they  need  much  heat  and  moisture.  The  following  are 
species :  — 

Bolbophyllum  apiferum,  bicolor,  bracteolatum,  calamaria 
(B.  M.,  4088),  Careyamim  (B.  M.,  4166),  cupreum,  cocrin- 
eum  (B.  R.,  1964),  cylindricum,  Dayanum  (B.  M.,  6119), 
flavidum^  leopardinum,  lemniscatum  (B.  M.,  5961),  re- 
curvum,  setigerum^  sordidum. 

Bollea.     Reichenbach.     Epiphyte. 

This  new  genus  contains  only  two  species,  Bollea  Pa- 
tint  (Fl.  Mag.,  2,  147)  and  Bollea  Lalindei.  Both  are  na- 
tives of  New  Granada,  and  are  showy  plants,  with  radi- 
cal foliage,  from  the  base  of  which  the  flowers  proceed, 
drooping,  on  single  stalks. 

They  are  pink,  with  deeper  shading,  and  bright  yellow 
lip,  somewhat  resembling  a  Huntleya  in  shape. 

They  require  to  be  grown  in  the  intermediate  house,  in 
pots,  somewhat  elevated  above  the  rim,  that  the  flowers 
may  show  to  advantage,  in  moss  ;  never  to  dry  up,  but 
not  to  be  over-watered. 

Bollea  violacea.     See  Huntleya  violacea. 

Brasavola.     Lindley.     Epiphyte. 

Indicated  to  Antonio  M.  Brasavolas. 
B.   Brasavola  acaulis.     Central  America. 

A  species  with  rush-like  foliage,  and  large  creamy 
white  flowers  in  autumn  ;  a  compact  growing  and  desira- 
ble plant. 


ORCHIDS. 


C.  Brasavola  cucullata.     West  Indies    .     R.  Brown. 

SYN.  Epidendrum  cucullatum.  B.  M.,  15,  543. 

Cymbidium  cucullatum  (Schwartz). 
Flowers  ochre-yellow,  with  white  lip,  very  fragrant. 

A.  Brasavola  Digbyana.     Honduras  .     B.  M.,  4474. 

B.  R.,  1846,  53. 
Fl.  des  Ser.,  237. 

A  species  much  resembling  a  Cattleya  in  habit. 
Flowers  white,  six  to  seven  inches  across  ;  lip  white, 
streaked  with  purple,  and  beautifully  fringed  ;  solitary  ; 
produced  from  top  of  bulb  during  the  winter  ;  exhaling  a 
delicious  perfume. 

Brasavola  Gibbsiana. 

A  rare  plant,  described  by  Williams.  Spikes  three- 
flowered  ;  leaves  broad  and  thick  ;  flowers  large,  white, 
spotted  with  chocolate. 

B.  Brasavola  glauca.     Mexico     .     .     .     B.  M.,  4033. 

B.  R.,  1840,  44. 
Bat,  1  6. 

Flowers  pale  green,  with    large  white  lip,  with   pink 
mark  on  upper  part  ;  very  fragrant.      Care   should   be 
taken  not  to  water  the  flower-stalk  before  the  appearance 
of  the  bud,  as  it  is  easily  injured. 
Blooms  in  February  and  March. 

Brasavola  lineata.     Guatemala      .     .     .     .  *  B.  M.,  4734. 
A  plant  with  long  pendulous  terete  foliage;  flowers 
large  ;  sepals  and  petals  creamy  white  ;  lip  pure  white  \ 
fragrant  at  night.     Grow  on  a  block  with  moss. 


DESCRIPTIVE  LIST. 


175 


C.  Brasavola  nodosa.     Jamaica    .     .     .     .     B.  M.,  3229. 
SYNS.  Epidendrum  nodosum  (Lin.).          B.  R.,  1465. 
Cymbidium  nodosum  (Schwartz). 

Flowers  large ;  petals  and  sepals  yellowish  white  ;  lip 
snow  white  •  very  fragrant. 

A  very  common  species,  often  sent  from  Jamaica. 
When  the  plant  is  large  it  is  very  showy. 

C.   Brasavola  venosa.     Honduras     .     .     B.  M.,  4021. 

B.  R.,  1840,  39. 
Flower  greenish  ;  lip  white  ;  very  fragrant. 

The  following  varieties,  though  less  showy  than  those 
enumerated,  produce  pretty,  fragrant  flowers  :  — 
Brasavola  angustata. 
B.  cordata.     B.  R.,  1914;  B.  M.,  3782. 
B.  cuspidata.     B.  M.,  3722. 
B.  elegans.     B.  M.,  3098. 
B.fragrans.     I.  H.,  180. 
B.  Martiana.     B.  R.,  25,  5. 
B.  Perrinii.     B.  R.,  1564. ;  B.  M.,  5761. 
B.  subulifolia. 
B.  tuberculata.     B.  M.,  2878. 

These  plants  may  be  grown  in  baskets,  but  do  best  on 
blocks,  with  a  little  moss. 

They  should  be  grown  in  the  warmest  house,  and  are 
very  ornamental  when  the  plants  are  strong  enough  to 
produce  plenty  of  flowers. 


ORCHIDS. 


Brassia.     Brown.     Epiphyte. 

Named  for  Brass,  a  botanist. 

C.  Brassia  brachiata.     Guatemala    .     .     B.  R.,  1847,  29. 
SYNS.  Brassia  Wrayce    .     .     .     .     M.  O.  P.,  2. 

Onddium  Wraycz  ....     Pes.,  31. 
The  sepals  and  petals  are  very  long  and  narrow,  green- 
ish yellow,  with  brown  spots  ;  the  lip  is  large,  yellow^ 
marked  with  green.     Flowers  from  May  to  August. 

C.  Brassia  caudata.     West  Indies    .     .     B.  R.,  832. 
SYNS.  Epidendrum  caudatum  (Linn.).  B.  M.,  3451. 
Malaxis  caudata  (Willd).  Sert.  Bot.,  7. 

Hook.  Ex.,  179. 

Flowers  green,  petals  longer  than  the  sepals,  often 
reaching  five  or  six  inches;  lip  yellow,  spotted  with 
brown. 

Brassia  Gireondiana.     Costa  Rica    .     Reich.  Xen.,  i,  32. 
A  pretty  species,  producing  spikes  of  large  bright  yel- 
low flowers,  spotted  with  red. 

C.  Brassia  Lanceana.     Demerara     .     B.  M.,  3577,  3794. 

B.  R.,  1754. 

Flowers  greenish  yellow,  marked  with  brown  ;  very 
fragrant  ;  grow  in  the  warmest  house. 

B.  Brassia  Lawrentiana.     Jamaica  .     B.  M.,  5748. 

M.  O.  P.,  i. 

B.  R.,  1841,  18. 

A  fine  fragrant  Orchid,  blooming  from  June  to  August. 
Flower  yellow  and  green,  spotted  with  brown  ;  the  lip 
yellow,  shading  to  white  at  the  base.  There  are  many 
varieties  of  this  handsome  species. 


DESCRIPTIVE  LIST.  177 

C.  Brassia  macro stachia.    Jamaica     .     .     .     Sert.  O.,  6. 
Flowers  clear  yellow,  delicately  marked  with  brown; 
lip  chocolate. 

C.  Brassia  maculata.     Jamaica  .     .     .     Pax.  Mag.,  6,  5. 

B.  M.,  1691. 

Perianth  greenish  yellow,  marked  with  reddish  brown  ; 
lip  white,  marked  with  purple.  Flowers  in  May  and 
June. 

C.  Brassia  odorata.     Guiana. 

Flowers  green,  delicately  marked  with  brown  ;  lip  white, 
dotted  with  green ;  very  fragrant. 

B.   Brassia  verrucosa.     Mexico Bat.,  22. 

Upper  part  of  flowers  pale  green ;  lip  white,  marked 
with  green  warts. 

Blooms  in  May  and  June. 

A  variety,  major,  has  larger  and  lighter-colored  flowers. 

Brassia  Wrayce.     See  Brassia  brachiata  .     B.  M.,  4003. 

The  following  are  species  :  — 

Brassia  angusta.  B.  Henchmani. 

B.  bidens.  B.  Hendersoni. 

B.  cochleata  B.peruviana. 

B.  guttata. 

These  plants  should  be.  grown  in  pots  or  baskets ;  in 
the  latter  the  long  flower-stalks  show  to  greatest  advan- 
tage. 

Soil,  rough  fibrous  peat,  with  good  drainage ;  may  be 
grown  in  the  stove  or  the  cooler  house.  In  the  growing 

12 


1 78  ORCHIDS. 

season  water  freely,  but  at  other  times  only  give  enough 
moisture  to  keep  the  bulbs  from  shriveling. 

Propagated  by  dividing  the  plants  when  they  begin  to 
grow. 

Bromheadia.     Lindley.     Epiphyte. 

In  honor  of  Sir  Edward  F.  Bromhead. 

C.  Bromheadia  palustris.     Sumatra      .     .     B.  R.,  30,  18. 

B.  M.,  4001. 

Flowers  dull  white;  lip  pale  yellow  and 'violet,  purple 
tipped. 

Grow  in  pots,  in  moss ;  East  Indian  house. 

Broughtonia.     Broivn.     Epiphyte. 

In  honor  of  the  botanist  Broughton. 

Broughtonia  liladna  of  Gard.  Mag.,  201,  and  Lem.  Jard., 
is  Laliopsis  domingensis. 

A.  Broughtonia  sanguinea.     Jamaica  .     Lodd.  Cab.,  793. 
SYNS.    Satyricum  parasiticum          B.  M.,  3076. 
(Brown).  B.  M.,  3536. 

Broughtonia  focdnea. 
Dendrobium  sanguineum  (Schwartz). 
Epidendrum  sanguineum  (Schwartz). 

Flowers  crimson.  The  flowers  are  produced  from  the 
top  of  the  bulb,  during  the  summer,  and  last  long  in  per- 
fection. Propagated  by  division. 

These  plants  should  be  grown  on  blocks  with  a  little 
moss,  and  plenty  of  light  and  sun.  It  is  a  lovely  plant, 
which  is  too  little  grown. 


DESCRIPTIVE  LIST.  179 

Burlingtonia.     Lindley.     Epiphyte. 

Dedicated  to  the  Countess  of  Burlington. 
Burlingtonia  Batemanii.     Brazil. 

A  handsome  species,  with  drooping  spikes  of  flowers 
which  are  white  with  a  beautiful  mauve  lip. 

Burlingtonia  Candida.   Demerara  .     .     .     B.  R.,  1927-29. 

Fl.  Mag.,  548. 

Flowers  in  long  pendulous  racemes,  like  a  Bignonia 
in  shape,  snow  white;  lip  touched  with  yellow,  with  a 
charming  citron-like  fragrance.  Flowers  freely  twice  a 
year.  The  roots  of  this  species  should  never  be  allowed 
to  get  dry.  Perhaps  identical  with  Burlingtonia  fra- 
grans. 

B.  Burlingtonia  decora.    Brazil    .    .     B.  M.,  5419,  var. 

B.  M.,  4834. 

Bat.  2d  Cen.,  no. 

Lem.  Jard.,  188. 

Fl.  des  Ser.,  716. 

Flowers  pink,  spotted  with  crimson,  in  erect  racemes. 
A  pretty  plant. 

A.  Burlingtonia  fragrans.   Rio  Janeiro.    B.  R.,  1927, 1929. 
Flowers  large,  snow  white ;  lip  white  with  a  golden  yel- 
low line  in  the  centre.     Blooms  in  June  and  July ;  very 
fragrant,  scented  like  jonquils. 

B.  Burlingtonia  Knowlesii. 

Resembles  Burlingtonia  venusta  in  habit ;  flowers  white 
in  long  racemes,  tinged  with  pinkish  lilac.  Blooms  in  the 
autumn,  continuing  a  long  time  in  perfection. 


180  ORCHIDS. 

B.  Burlingtonia  maculata    .     .     .     .          M.  O.  P.,  i. 

B.  R.,  1839,  44- 

A  fine  species,  throwing  a  flower-stalk  with  fifteen  to 
twenty  flowers  of  delicate  yellow  marked  with  dark  brown. 
There  are  varieties  with  upright  and  with  slender  droop- 
ing flower-stalks. 

B.  Burlingtonia  rigida.    Brazil     .     .     Pax.  Mag.,  8,  193. 

Sert.  O.,  36. 
Fl.  des  Ser.,  i,  2. 

Flowers  in  a  bunch  at  the  end  of  the  stalk ;  white,  veined 
with  purple  j  lip  white,  fragrant. 

C.  Burlingtonia  rubescens.     Peru. 
Flowers  white,  marked  with  rose. 

C.  Burlingtonia  venusta.     Bahia     ....     I.  H.,  188. 

Sert.  O.,  2. 

The  flowers  much  resemble  Burlingtonia  fragrans,  but 
are  smaller  and  without  fragrance. 

The  plants  of  this  genus  are  all  small,  of  compact 
growth,  with  beautiful  evergreen  foliage.  They  should 
be  grown  in  baskets  with  sphagnous  moss  and  pot- 
sherds, and  a  good  supply  of  heat  and  moisture  while 
growing ;  they  also  succeed  well  on  blocks  with  a  little 
moss. 

Burlingtonia  maculata  should  be  grown  in  a  pot.  They 
require  but  little  rest,  and  should  not  be  allowed  to  get 
dry  at  the  root.  Propagated  by  division. 


DESCRIPTIVE  LIST.  l8l 


c. 

Calanthe.     Brown.     Terrestrial. 

Name  from  Ka\6s,  beautiful,  and  &v8os,  a  flower. 
B.  Calanthe  bicolor.     Java. 

Flowers  brilliant  yellow  inside,  orange  red  outside. 

B.  Calanthe  curculigoides.     Malacca ;  Singapore. 

B.  R.,  1847-8. 
B.  M.,  6104. 

A  rare  and  beautiful  species.  Flowers  on  a  large,  long 
spike,  bright  orange.  Foliage  dark  green,  plaited.  Grow 
in  constant  heat  of  East  Indian  house. 

B.  Calanthe  discolor.  Java M.  O.  P.,  3. 

B.  R.,  1840,  55- 

Flowers  violet  red,  lip  white  with  lilac  markings  round 
the  base.  A  very  floriferous  species. 

A.  Calanthe  Dominiana      .......     B.  M.,  5042. 

A  garden  hybrid  between  Calanthe  furcata  and  Calanthe 
Masuca.  Sepals  and  petals  lilac ;  lip  deep  purple. 

C.  Calanthe flavicans.     Mauritius. 

Sepals  white  and  twice  the  size  of  the  pale  rose  petals ; 
lip  bluish  with  a  dark  line  down  the  centre. 

Calanthe  furcata.     East  Indies. 

A  well  known  free-flowering  species,  blooming  on  tall 
spikes,  and  producing  an  abundance  of  creamy  white 
flowers  in  summer. 


1 82  ORCHIDS. 

B.  Calanthe  Masuca.   Nepaul    .     .    .     M.  O.  P.,  2. 

B.  M.,  4541. 
B.  R.,  1844,  37. 
Lem.  Jard.,  62. 
Bat.  2d  Cen.,  139. 

Sepals  white  outside,  deep  violet  inside,  petals  lilac  ; 
lip  heart-shaped,  violet  purple.  The  flowers  are  large, 
produced  on  a  spike  two  feet  long,  in  June,  July,  and 
August,  lasting  six  weeks  in  perfection. 

Distinguished  from  Calanthe  purpurea  by  the  raceme 
being  open  instead  of  close,  the  lip  broad  instead  of  nar- 
row, and  the  spur  longer  than  the  pedicel,  instead  of 
shorter. 

Calanthe  Masuca  grandiflora  is  a  very  fine,  strong-growing 
variety. 

Calanthe  Sieboldti.     Japan.       Revue  Horticole,  1855,  20. 
A  distinct  species,  which  may  be  grown  in  a  cool  house. 
Foliage  dark  green,  flowers  yellow,  on  erect  spikes. 

A.  Calanthe  Veitchii.     Garden  hybrid.     Bat.  2d  Cen.,  106. 

B.  M.,  5375. 

Jen.  Orch.,  48. 

Fl.  Mag.,  280. 

This  is  a  true  hybrid  between  Calanthe  vestita  and 
Limatodes  rosea.  Flowers  beautiful  rose  color,  of  differ- 
ent shades,  on  spikes  often  three  feet  long,  and  continu- 
ing in  bloom  for  months. 

It  is  a  deciduous  plant,  like  its  parents,  producing  the 
flower  spike  from  the  base  of  the  matured  bulb  in  No- 
vember. For  winter  decoration  this  plant  has  no  equal. 


DESCRIPTIVE  LIST.  183 

B.  Calanthe  veratrifolia.     Java     .     .     .     Lodd.  Cab.,  958. 
SYNS.  Flos  triplicatus.  (Rumph.)        B.  R.,  720. 
Orchis  triplicate  (Willimet.)    B.  M.,  2615. 
Limodorum  veratrifolium.  (Will a.) 
Ambly glottis  ft av  a.  (Blume.) 

Flowers  snow  white  ;  lip  olive-green  with  blood-red 
centre.  The  flower-spikes,  which  are  produced  from  May 
to  July,  are  often  two  feet  long.  The  plant  should  have 
plenty  of  air,  but  should  be  grown  in  heat 

A.  Calanthe  vestita.     Moulmein  .     .     B.  M.,  467 1. 

B.  R.,  720. 

Pax.  Mag.,  16,  129. 

Fl.  des  Ser.,  816, 
1308. 

Lem.  Jard.,  333. 

War.  Orch.,  29. 

Flowers  produced  from  October  to  February,  on  long 
drooping  spikes  rising  from  the  base  of  the  silvery  green 
bulbs  when  the  latter  are  destitute  of  leaves.  The  sepals 
and  petals  are  snow  white;  lip  white  with  a  blotch  of 
rich  crimson  or  yellow  (according  to  the  variety)  in  the 
centre,  or  pure  white. 

The  varieties  are  known  as  rubro  oculata,  cuprea,  luteo 
oculata,  nivalis,  and  Turneri.  Of  these,  that  with  the  red 
eye  is  the  more  common,  and  the  pure  white  the  rarest. 
Turneri  is  a  late  bloomer,  with  large  white  flowers  with 
red  eye.  A  collection  can  hardly  have  too  many  of  these 
charming  plants.  The  only  defect  they  have  is  the  want 
of  foliage  in  the  blooming  season  ;  but  this  want  is  easily 
supplied  by  placing  them  among  ferns,  thus  forming  a 


184  ORCHIDS. 

combination  which  for  grace  and  beauty  is  unsurpassed. 
We  have  large  pans  of  this  plant,  which  are  a  constant 
pleasure  all  through  the  dull  months  of  winter. 

For  house  decoration  this  plant  is  unrivaled,  the  flow- 
ers remaining  in  perfection  for  many  weeks,  and  for  cut 
flowers  there  is  nothing  better.  A  little  weak  liquid 
manure  is  beneficial  to  the  bulbs  when  growing ;  for  the 
stronger  we  can  grow  the  bulbs,  the  better  the  flower. 
After  blooming,  let  the  bulbs  rest  awhile  till  the  shoots 
show  at  the  base,  then  repot  and  grow  them  in  good  heat. 

The  foliage  of  these  plants  is  evergreen,  except  Calan- 
the  vestita  and  Calanthe  Veitchii.  They  generally  make 
their  growth  after  the  flowers  have  faded.  They  should 
be  grown  in  large  pots,  with  loam,  leaf  mould,  and  rotten 
dung  j  the  plant  should  be  set  about  level  with  the  brim 
of  the  pot ;  good  drainage  should  be  provided. 

Grow  in  the  Indian  house,  and  never  allow  the  plant 
to  get  dry  during  the  growing  season.  They  need  but 
little  rest,  during  which  period  the  soil  should  be  kept 
damp,  except  Calanthe  vestita  and  Calanthe  Veitchii,  which 
must  be  kept  dry.  Propagated  by  division.  They  are 
very  subject  to  the  attacks  of  brown  and  white  scale. 

All  the  species  are  best  grown  in  pots  ;  the  varieties  of 
Calanthe  vestita,  however,  do  well  in  baskets. 

Camaridmm.     Lindley.     Epiphyte. 

Name  from  /canape,  an  arched  roof. 

Camaridium  ochroleucum B.  R.,  844. 

See  Cymbidium. 


DESCRIPTIVE  LIST.  1 8$ 

Camarotis.     Lindley.     Epiphyte. 

Name  from  Kapdpa,  an  arched  roof;  alluding  to  the  shape  of  the  lip. 
B.  Camarotis  obtusa.     East  Indies. 
Flowers  pale  rose,  with  yellow  lip. 

B.  Camarotis  purpurea,     Sylhet     .     .     Pax.  Mag.,  7,  25. 

Sert.  O.,  19. 

Perianth  lilac-purple  ;  lip  deep  purple ;  flower  spikes 
produced  from  the  side  of  the  stem,  in  pendulous  ra- 
cemes, in  March  and  April.  It  is  a  neat-growing,  free- 
flowering,  and  attractive  plant. 

These  plants  should  be  grown  in  the  Indian  house,  in 
a  moist  heat,  on  blocks,  in  pots  or  baskets,  in  moss.  The 
plants  should  always  have  heat  and  moisture  at  the  roots 
and  need  very  little  rest. 

Catasetum.     Richard.    Epiphyte. 

Name  from  icard  (down),  and  o-era,  a  bristle. 

C.  Catasetum  atratum.     Brazil    .     .     .     .     M.  O.  P.,  3. 

B.  R.,  24,  63. 
B.  M.,  5202. 

Perianth  purple-brown,  petals  marked  with  brown,  the 
lip  dull  green  broken  with  yellow  ;  a  floriferous  species. 

C.  Catasetum  cattosum.     La  Guayra  .     .     .     B.  M.,  4219. 

B.  R.,  27,  5. 
M.  O.  P.,  5. 

Perianth  dull  reddish-brown ;  lip  green,  with  a  yellow 
swelling  and  a  spot  of  same  color. 


1 86  ORCHIDS. 

C.  Catasetum  cornutum.     Demerara   .     .     M.  O.  P.,  5. 

B.  R,  27,  5. 

Flowers  green,  marked  with  dark  purple ;  lip  light- 
green,  marked  with  darker  shade  ;  very  floriferous. 

C.  Catasetum  integerrimum.  Guatemala  B.  M.,  3823. 

M.  O.  P.,  i. 

Large  flowers  with  powerful  odor ;  perianth  marked 
with  purple  ;  lip  yellow,  richly  marked  inside. 

This  species  should  have  plenty  of  moisture  at  the 
period  of  the  formation  of  the  flower-buds. 

C.  Catasetum  Naso.     Caracas B.  M.,  4792. 

B.  M,  2559. 

Perianth  almost  white;  delicately  shaded  with  greenish- 
yellow,  plentifully  spotted  with  crimson-purple.  The  lip 
is  lengthened  into  the  shape  of  an  elephant's  trunk. 

C.  Catasetum  tridentatum.     Brazil     .     B.  M.,  2559,  3329. 
SYNS.    Catasetum  macrocarpum      Hook.  Ex.,  90,  91. 

(Richard).  B.  R.,  840. 

C.  Claveringii  (Lodd.  Sert.  Bot,  7. 

Cab.,  1344). 

C.floribundum  (Hooker). 

Sepals  yellowish-green ;  petals  green,  more  or  less 
marked  with  purple,  and  sometimes  wholly  purple;  the 
tip  of  the  lip  egg-yellow,  inner  part  spotted.  This  plant 
v  tries  much  according  to  its  vigor. 

The  flowers  of  this  genus  are  remarkable  for  singular- 
:ty  of  form,  and  some  are  very  beautiful.  The  same 
plant  will  frequently  produce  what  seem  to  be  totally  dif- 


DESCRIPTIVE  LIST.  1 87 

ferent  flowers,  and  there  is  no  genus  of  plants  so  given 
to  "  sports." 

The  plants  are  not  favorites  with  cultivators,  as  they 
are  generally  wanting  in  richness  of  color,  but  their  cu- 
rious flowers  should  give  them  a  place  in  every  large  col- 
lection of  Orchids.  The  following  are  species  :  — 

Catasetum  abruptum.     B.  M.,  3929. 

C.  barbatum.     M.  O.  P.,  5  ;  B.  R.,  1778. 

SYNS.  Catasetum  proboscidium.    B.  R.,  27,  5. 

C.  spinosum. 

Myanthus  barbatus.     B.  R.,  1778. 

Myanthus  spinosus.     B.  M.,  3802. 
C.  CartonL 

C.  cernmtm.     B.  M.,  5399  ;  B.  R.,  1721. 
C.  citrinum. 

C.  cristatum.     B.  R.,  966  and  1951. 
C.  deltoideum.     B.  R.,  1896. 

SYN.  Myanthus  deltoideus.    B.  R.,  1896;  B.  M.,  3923. 
C.  discolor.    B.  R.,  1735  ;  Reg.  Bot,  83. 
SYNS.  Myanthus  discolor. 

Myanthiis  Bushmani. 

Myanthus  roseo  albus.    Hooker. 
C.  Jimbriatum. 
C.  fuliginosum. 
C.  globiferum.     B.  M.,  3942. 
C.  Herbertii. 
C.  Hookerii.     Liaclley. 
C.  intermedia  variegata. 

C.  laminatum.     Sert.  O.,  38  ;  var.,  B.  R.,  27.  5 ;  M.  O.  P.,  5. 
C.  lanciferuin.     M.  O.  P.,  5. 
C.  Landsbergii. 

C.  longifoliwn.     Sert.  O.,  31  ;  Ref.  Bot.,  82. 
C.  luridum.     B.  R.,  1667  ;  B.  M.,  3590. 
SYNS.  Catasetum  abruptum. 

Anguloa  lurida. 


1 88  ORCHIDS. 

C  maculatum.     B.  R.,  26,  62 ;  Bat.,  2. 

C.  ochraceum. 

C.  planiceps.     M.  O.  P.,  2  ;  B.  R.,  29,  9. 

C  poriferum. 

C.  purum.     B.  M.,  3388. 

C.  Russellianum.     B.  M.,  3777. 

C  seniiapertum.     B.  R.,  1708  ;  Hook.  Ex.,  213. 

C.  saccatum.     Sert.  O.,  41. 

C  sanguineum.    Pes.,  14. 

C  squalidiim. 

C.  trifidum.     B.  M.,  3262;  B.  R.,  1721. 

C.  Trulla.     M.  O.  P.,  4  5  B.  R.,  27,  34. 

C.  tabulare. 

C.  trimerochilum.    I.  H.,  374. 

C.   Wallisii.     B.  M.,  3937. 

These  plants  should  be  grown  in  pots,  in  peat  and 
potsherds,  with  good  drainage.  They  should  have  plenty 
of  light  and  sun  ;  should  be  kept  dry  during  the  resting 
season.  When  the  young  shoots  begin  to  push,  the  water- 
ing should  be  light,  but  as  the  growth  advances  it  should 
be  increased,  and  when  the  bulbs  are  forming  should  be 
copious.  Care  should  be  taken  not  to  wet  the  flower 
stalks,  as  they  easily  damp  off,  and  during  the  flowering 
season  the  soil  should  be  only  moist.  Many  are  very 
large  plants,  and  the  room  they  would  occupy  is  so  much 
better  filled  by  more  showy  plants,  of  more  recent  intro- 
duction, that  few  care  to  grow  Catasetums.  The  flowers 
of  many  species  are  "  uncanny  "  in  appearance  and  un- 
pleasant to  look  at. 


DESCRIPTIVE  LIST.  189 

Cattleya.     Lindley.     Epiphyte. 

Dedicated  to  Wm.  Cattley. 
A.  Cattleya  Acklandice.     Bahia     .     .     Pax.  Mag.,  9,  i. 

B.  R.,  1840,  48. 

Fl.  des  Ser.,  674. 

B.  M.,  5039. 

I-  H.,  565. 

Bat.  2d  Cen.,  119. 

Perianth  olive-green,  marked  with  dark-brownish  yel- 
low ;  lip  velvety  purple,  violet,  or  rose ;  very  fragrant. 
This  species  has  rounder  and  more  fleshy  foliage  than 
others.  A  beautiful  but  rare  species,  which  is  not  very 
free-blooming.  Blooms  in  June  and  July. 

A.  Cattleya  amabilis.     Brazil. 

A  very  beautiful  and  rare  species.  Sepals  and  petals 
pink ;  lip  large,  rich  crimson.  The  plant  makes  two 
growths  a  year,  and  blooms  from  the  one  formed  in  the 
spring,  with  from  three  to  five  flowers  on  the  spike. 
Blooms  in  summer. 

A.  Cattleya  amethystina.  Brazil  .  .  .  Lem.  Jard.,  379. 
A  free  growing  and  blooming  species,  much  resembling 
C.  Loddigesii,  and  like  it  a  summer  bloomer.  It  grows 
about  a  foot  high,  with  strong  pseudo-bulbs,  and  two 
thick  dark  green  leaves.  Flowers  two  to  five,  pink,  with 
amethyst  lip.  Very  pretty,  but  not  as  showy  as  most 
species. 

A.  Cattleya  amethystiglossa B.  M.,  5683. 

War.  Orch.,  2. 
I.  H,  538. 
Stems  one  to  three  feet  high,  with  two  long  leaves  on 


IQO  ORCHIDS. 

the  top ;  flowers  in  fine  heads,  two  to  seven  in  number, 
thick  and  fleshy,  three  inches  in  diameter,  rosy  blush, 
spotted  with  rich  purple  ;  lip  rich,  rosy  violet.  A  magnif- 
icent species,  blooming  freely  from  January  to  March, 
and  often  again  in  the  autumn.  There  are  many  varie- 
ties, all  good.  We  have  now  (January,  1876)  a  magnifi- 
cent plant  in  bloom.  The  flowers  last  four  weeks  in  per- 
fection if  kept  from  damp.  For  rich  color  of  the  lip  this 
plant  has  no  equal. 

Cat t ley  a  amethystiglossa  sulphur ea. 

A  remarkable  variety,  color  pure  lemon,  spotted  with 
purple ;  lip  broad,  rich  cream  color. 

A.  Cattleya  Arembergii.     Bahia. 

Perianth  rose  lilac,  lip  bright  rose,  very  fragrant.  The 
flowers  resemble  in  form  those  of  C.  Harrissoni. 

Cattleya  Bassetti.     SYN.  of  C  spetiosissima. 

A.  Cattleya  bicolor.     Brazil     .     .     .     .     B.  M.,  4909. 

Sert.  O.,  tab.  5. 
Lem.  Jard.,  379. 

A  large  flower,  often  four  inches  across,  with  pale  green 
perianth,  marked  with  brownish  yellow ;  lip  rich  purple 
or  magenta,  with  yellow  or  white  fringe.  Blooms  in  Sep- 
tember, often  having  eight  or  ten  flowers  on  a  spike. 

Cattleya  biflora.     SYN.  of  C.  Lawrenceana  and  Lcelia  cris- 
pilabia. 

Cattleya  Boothiana.     SYN.  of  C.  lobata. 

A.  Cattleya  Brabantitz Fl.  Mag.,  360. 

A  hybrid  between   C.  Acklandice.  and   C.  Loddigesii, 


DESCRIPTIVE  LIST.  191 

dwarf-growing,  sepals  and  petals  pinkish  white,  spotted 
with  purple  ;  lip  white  and  purple.  A  very  handsome, 
but  as  yet  a  rare  plant. 

Cattkya  Brysiana.     See  Lcelia  Brysiana. 

Lem.  Jard.,  275-6. 

A.   Cattkya  bulbosa    ......     B.  R.,  33,  42. 

SYN.  Cattkya  Walkeriana.  Pes.,  41. 

Pax.  Mag.,  15,  49. 
Pax.  Fl.  G.,  3. 

Flowers  violet-rose,  lip  flat,  shovel-shaped,  deep  car- 
mine, the  lateral  lobes  crimson,  bordered  with  carmine. 
This  species  needs  very  little  water  during  the  resting 
season.  It  is  best  grown  on  a  block  with  a  little  moss. 
Flowers  delightfully  fragrant,  scenting  the  whole  house  ; 
they  are  produced  on  a  separate  spike,  without  leaves. 
A  lovely  species. 

A.  Cattkya  Candida.     Brazil. 

Perianth  beautiful  white,  with  violet  shadings  and  a 
yellow  ray  on  the  lip. 

Blooms  from  July  to  November.  The  plant  makes 
two  growths  in  the  year,  and  blooms  from  both,  producing 
three  or  four  flowers  on  a  spike. 

This  plant  is  only  a  light  colored  variety  of  Cattkya 
Loddigesii. 

A.  Cattkya  Chocoensis.  Mexico  .  .  .  .  I.  H.,  3,  120. 
A  very  choice  species,  closely  allied  to  C.  Triancs.  It 
is  one  of  the  most  beautiful  of  Cattkyas.  Plant  about  a 
foot  high,  pseudo-bulbs  long,  crowned  with  one  dark 
green  leaf;  sepals  and  petals  transjD2xe»t  white;  lip 


Of    THE 

UNIVERSIT 

^r 


IQ2  ORCHIDS. 

white,  with  a  slight  orange  marking  in  throat,  and  all 
suffused  with  rosy  light;  exquisitely  fragrant.  A  very 
free-flowering  species,  blooming  from  November  to  Jan- 
uary. Plants  vary  much  in  the  yellow  on  the  lip,  some 
nearly  approaching  C.  Triance. 

A.  Cattleya  citrina.     Oaxaca    .     .     .     Fl.  des  Ser.,  1689. 

Pes.,  9. 
B.  M.,  3742. 

A  species  with  large  yellow  fragrant  flowers,  produced 
one  or  two  together  from  May  to  August. 

This  species  should  be  grown  on  the  under  side  of  a 
block,  the  leaves  hanging  down,  in  the  coolest  house. 

Cattleya  coccinea. 

An  old  name  for  Sophronitis  grandiflora. 

A.   Cattleya  crispa.     Rio  Janeiro  .     .     .     Sert.  Bot,  7. 
SYN.  Lalia  crispa.  Pax.  Mag.,  5,  5. 

B.  R.,  1172. 
B.  M.,  3910. 

Sepals  and  petals  pure  transparent  white,  the  latter 
having  wavy  edges  ;  lip  white  outside,  inside  rich  crimson 
or  violet  stained ;  perfume  delicious.  Flowers  from  July 
to  September.  We  have  plants  producing  forty  flowers 
at  a  time. 

A.  Cattleya  crispa  purpurea. 

Only  differing  from  the  species  in  the  color  of  the  lip, 
being  brilliant  purple. 

A.  Cattleya  crispa  superba    ....     War.  Orch.,  2,  91. 
A  fine  large-flowered  variety,  with  crimson  lip  beauti- 
fully fringed. 


DESCRIPTIVE  LIST. 


Cattkya  domingensis.     See  Lceliopsis  domingensis. 

A.  Cattkya  Dawsoni.  Brazil  ....  War.  Orch.,  16. 
A  beautiful  and  rare  species  intermediate  between  C. 
Jabiata  and  C.  Mossice.  Foliage  very  thick,  dark  green  ; 
flowers  seven  inches  in  diameter  ;  sepals  and  petals  rosy 
blush;  lip  large,  purple,  yellow,  and  rose  throat,  and 
beautifully  fringed.  A  very  rare  plant. 

A.  Cattleya  Devoniensis. 

A  beautiful  garden  hybrid  between  C.  crispa  and  gut- 
fata.  Sepals  and  petals  white,  tipped  with  rose  color  ; 
lip  dark  crimson.  Blooms  in  autumn. 

A.  Cattleya  Dominiana. 

A  beautiful  species,  hybrid  between  Cattkya  maxima 
and  C.  amethystina,  in  habit  resembling  Lczlia  ekgans. 
Sepals  and  petals  white  delicately  shaded  with  blush  ; 
lip  purple,  margined  with  white  ;  interior  deep  yellow. 

A.  Cattkya  Dominiana  alba  ......     F.  M.,  367. 

A  hybrid  from  the  same  source  as  the  last  described  ; 
sepals  and  petals  white,  shaded  with  lavender  ;  lip  pure 
white,  with  deep  lavender  blotch. 

A.  Cattkya  Dominiana  lutea. 

Another  fine  hybrid;  sepals  and  petals  blush;  lip 
white,  marked  with  yellow  and  rose. 

All  these  hybrids  are  as  yet  very  rare. 


194  ORCHIDS. 

A.  Cattieya  Dowiana.    Costa  Rica.       Jen.  Orch.,  33. 

B.  M.,  5618. 

I.  H,  525- 

Fl.  des  Ser.,  1709. 

War.  Orch.,  2,  27. 

Bat.  2d  Cen.,  191. 

A  magnificent  species.  Flowers  five  or  six  together, 
of  a  peculiar  beautiful  nankeen  color  ;  lip  large,  crisped, 
purple  crimson,  with  deep  orange  gold  veins.  In  growth 
this  plant  resembles  C.  labiata ;  it  requires  more  heat 
than  most  of  the  genus. 

A.  Cattieya  Edithiana.     Brazil. 

A  rare  species,  resembling  C.  Mossice  in  growth ;  flowers 
Six  to  seven  inches  in  diameter ;  sepals  and  petals  light 
mauve  ;  lip  mauve,  striped  with  white,  upper  part  buff. 

A.  Cattieya  Eldorado.     Rio  Negro.     Fl.  des  Ser.,  1826. 

Flowers  large,  delicate  white  and  rose  ;  lip  deep  golden, 
margined  with  white ;  violet  tip.  Blooms  in  early  au- 
tumn. 

A.   Cattieya  Eldorado  splendens.     Rio  Negro  .  I.  H.,  3,  7. 
A  very  fine  variety  of  the  last ;   flowers  very  large, 
clear  rose ;  throat  of  lip  deep  orange,  with  circle  of  pure 
white,  and  edge  deep  violet  purple. 

Cattieya  elegans.     See  Lalia  elegans  .     B.  M.,  4700. 

Bat.  2d  Cen.,  156. 
I.  H.,  402 
Pes.,  23. 


DESCRIPTIVE  LIST.  195 

A.  Cattleya  cxoniensis Jen.  Orch.,  i. 

F.  M.,  269. 

War.  Orch.,  2,  36. 

A  garden  hybrid  between  Cattleya  Mossice  and  Lcelia 
purpurata,  in  which  the  beauties  of  both  parents  are 
.preserved.  Sepals  and  petals  delicate  lilac;  lip  deep 
rich  purple,  with  bright  orange  throat ;  the  whole  flower 
beautifully  crisped. 

B.  Cattleya  Forbesii.     Brazil     .     .     .     B.  R.,  953. 

SYNS.  Cattleya  isopetala.  B.  M.,  3265. 

C.  vestalis.  Lodd.  Cab.,  1152. 

Perianth  greenish  yellow ;  lip  white,  with  rays  of  car- 
mine. This  is  the  least  beautiful  of  the  genus,  but  never- 
theless, on  account  of  the  number  of  its  flowers,  which  are 
freely  produced  on  a  strong  plant,  is  worthy  of  cultiva- 
tion. 

A.  Cattleya  Fausta F.  M.,  2,  189. 

This  is  another  of  the  beautiful  hybrids  for  which  the 
establishment  of  Messrs.  Veitch  is  so  famous.  It  is  ex- 
actly intermediate  between  its  parents,  Cattleya  Loddigesii 
and  C.exoniensis. 

Flowers  rich  lilac ;  lip  white,  with  large  yellow  disk, 
t.'pped  with  crimson.  Blooms  about  the  end  of  Novem- 
ber. 

A.  Cattleya  Gigas.    New  Granada  .     .     Jen.  Orch.,  18. 

I.  H.,  3,  178. 

Fl.  Mag.,  2,  144. 

A  magnificent  species  of  recent  introduction.  Flowers 
of  immense  size,  rosy  pink;  lip  very  large  and  broad, 


IQ6  ORCHIDS. 

with  large  white  spots,  and  marked  on  the  side  with  yel- 
low and  white. 

Cattleya  Grahami.     An  old  name  of  Leelia  majaZis. 

A.  Cattleya  granulosa.     Guatemala     .     B.  M.,  5048. 

B.  R.,  1842. 

Fl.  des  Ser.,  199. 

Perianth  greenish  brown,  marked  with  brownish  yel- 
low ;  lip  orange  yellow  at  base,  white  at  tip,  richly  marked 
with  yellow  and  crimson. 

Blooms  in  August  and  September.  This  species  needs 
but  little  heat. 

There  are  many  varieties  of  this  species  which  differ 
only  in  the  markings  of  the  perianth,  and  in  brilliancy  of 
the  color  of  the  lip. 

Cattleya  grandis.     See  Leelia  grandis. 

B.  Cattleya  giiatemalensis F.  M.,  61. 

A  species  much  resembling  in  habit  C.  Skinneri,  with 
large  clusters  of  small  flowers  ;  sepals  and  petals  rosy 
purple  and  buff;  lip  reddish  purple  and  orange.  Not 
very  showy,  but  valuable  for  its  peculiar  colors. 

A.  Cattleya  guttata.     Brazil  ....     Lodd.  Cab.,  1715. 

B.  R.,  1406. 

Flowers  greenish  yellow,  spotted  with  crimson ;  lip 
purple  and  white.  Blooms  in  October  and  November. 
A  free  blooming  and  desirable  species. 

A.  Cattleya  guttata  Russelliana.     Organ  Mountains. 

B.  M.,  3693. 
B.  R.,  1849,  59- 
The  flowers  of  this  variety  are  larger  than  the  species, 


DESCRIPTIVE  LIST.  197 

but  less  spotted ;  the  lip  is  short  and  tipped  with  deep 
violet  red. 

A.  Cattkya  guttata  Leopoldii.     Bahia     ...     I.  H.,  69. 

Pes.,  43- 

Perianth  greenish  bronze,  spotted  with  purple;  lip 
rich  velvety  purple,  very  fragrant ;  spike  often  carrying 
seven  to  nine  flowers. 

A.  Cattleya  Harrisonicz.    Rio  Janeiro.   Pax.  Mag.,  4,  247. 

B.  M.,  1919. 

Flowers  lilac  rose,  with  slight  tinge  of  yellow  on  the 
lip,  which  is  marked  with  violet  purple  at  the  base.  Very 
floriferous,  blooming  from  July  to  October. 

A.  Cattleya  Harrisonicz  alba.     Rio  Janeiro. 
Flower  white,  with  lilac  lip. 

A.  Cattkya  Harrisonicz  violacea.     Rio  Janeiro. 

A  taller  growing  variety,  with  sepals  and  petals  violet 
purple  ;  lip  same  color,  with  yellow  centre.  This  plant 
makes  two  growths  in  the  year,  flowering  on  both  from 
July  to  October. 

A.  Cattleya  hybrida. 

A  garden  hybrid  between    Cattleya  granulosa  and  C. 
Harrisonice. 
Flowers  rose,  with  darker  spottings.     A  pretty  variety. 

A.  Cattleya  intermedia.    Brazil  .     .     Maund,  Bot.,  4,  195. 

B.  R.,  1919- 
Pax.  Mag.,  i,  151. 
Sert.  Bot.,  7. 
A  very  neat  growing  species.     Flowers,  sepals  lilac  or 

rose-colored ;  lip  rich  purple. 


198  ORCHIDS. 

It  is  a  free-growing  plant,  often  producing  seven  or 
eight  flowers  on  a  spike.  Blooms  in  spring. 

There  are  many  varieties  of  this  species.  We  mention 
alba,  with  nearly  white  flowers  ;  pattida  (Pax.  Fl.  G-,  48), 
perianth  violet  and  white  ;  lip  with  rays  of  crimson,  bor- 
dered with  white ;  variegata,  perianth  lilac-purple  ;  lip 
white,  with  yellow  centre  and  red  markings ;  superba, 
perianth  delicate  rose ;  lip  broad,  rich  purple.  This  va- 
riety makes  two  growths  a  year,  but  only  flowers  on  that 
made  in  spring ;  violacea,  perianth  delicate  rose ;  lip  with 
rich  purple  spot  in  centre. 

Cattleya  amethystina  is  by  some  considered  a  form  of 
this  species,  and  the  name  is  also  applied  to  a  white  form 
of  Cattleya  Loddigesii,  and  Lcelia  Perrinii  is  sometimes 
called  Cattleya  intermedia  angustifolia. 

Cattleya  irrorata.     See  Lcelia  irrorata. 

Cattleya  Karwinskii,  an  old  name  of  Cattleya  citrina. 

A.  Cattleya  labiata.     Brazil     .     Lodd.  Cab.,  1956. 

Hook.  Ex.,  157. 

B.  R.,  1859. 

B.  M.,  3998. 

Pax.  Mag.,  4,  121;  7,73. 

Pax.  Fl.  G.,  24. 

Jen.  Orch.,  45. 

Fl.  des  Ser.,  1895. 

One  of  the  finest  species.  Flowers  rose-colored,  with 
rich  crimson  lip  ;  of  a  delicious  fragance.  The  flowers, 
which  are  produced  from  July  to  November,  arc  often  five 
inches  across,  and  three  or  four  on  a  spike. 

The  variations  of  color  in  the  lip  of  this  species  are  al- 


DESCRIPTIVE  LIST.  199 

most  infinite  —  every  shade  of  crimson,  purple,  and  violet, 
with  darker  or  lighter  lines ;  the  whole  flower  lustrous 
and  sometimes  with  a  crystalline  appearance.  The 
flower  lasts  long  in  perfection. 

A.  Cattleya  labiata  atropurpurea.     La  Guayra. 

Perianth  paler  than  the  species,  but  lip  of  deep  purple 
color.     Nearly  allied  to  Cattleya  Mossicz. 

A.  Cattleya  labiata  pallida.    Brazil. 

Sepals   and  petals   light  pink ;   lip  crimson.    A  fine 
variety  blooming  in  August. 

A.  Cattleya  labiata  Pescatorei. 

Sepals  and  petals  light  rose-colored;  lip  rich  crimson. 
A  very  distinct  variety. 

Cattleya  labiata  picta Fl.  des  Ser.,  660. 

Sepals  and  petals  pure  white  j  lip  rich  crimson,  beauti- 
fully fringed. 

Cattleya  Lawrenciana.     SYN.  of  Lalia  crispilabia. 

A.  Cattleya  Lemoniana.     Caracas    .     .     .     B.  R.,  32,  35. 
A  pretty  species  allied  to  Cattleya  Mossia.     Flowers 

pale  pink  with  centre  of  lip  yellow.     A  summer  bloomer. 

Cattleya  Leopoldii.     SYN.  of  Cattleya  guttata. 

Cattleya  Lindleyana.     SYN.  of  Lcelia  Lindleyana. 

B.  M.,  5449. 

B.  Cattleya  lobata.     Brazil. 

SYNS.  Lcelia  lobata. 

Lcelia  Boothiana. 
Cattleya  Boothiana. 


2OO  ORCHIDS. 

Flowers  deep,  uniform  rose  color;  a  shy  flowering 
plant. 

Cattleya  lobata  superba. 
Has  larger  spikes  of  bloom  and  flowers  more  freely. 

A.  Cattleya  Loddigesii.     Brazil    .     Hook.  Ex.,  186. 

SYN.  Epidendrum  Loddigesii.    C.  B.,  37. 

Lodd.  Cab.,  337. 
B.  M.,  2851,  as 

Cattleya  intermedia. 

Perianth  delicate  lilac ;  lip  same  color,  but  a  deeper 
shade,  delicately  marked  with  purple  and  yellow.  Blooms 
in  August  and  September,  producing  many  flowers  on  a 
spike.  When  well  grown  this  is  a  very  showy  plant. 

Cattleya  Lowii.     See  Cattleya  spetiosissima. 
Cattleya  Luddemaniana.     See  Cattleya  spedosissima. 

B.  Cattleya  luteola.     Brazil Reich.  Xen.,  83. 

SYNS.  Cattleya  epidendroides.  B.  M.,  5032. 

C.  Holfordii. 
C.  flavida. 
C.  Meyeri. 
C.  modesta. 
Epidendrum  Cattleya. 

Flowers  yellow,  of  a  lighter  shade  than  Cattleya  citri- 
na,  produced  three  or  four  together. 

A.  Cattleya  McMorlandii.     Brazil. 

The  plant  resembles  Cattleya  Mossia.  Flower  six 
inches  in  diameter  ;  sepals  and  petals  light  rose ;  lip  yel- 
low and  fringed.  Blooms  in  June  and  July. 


DESCRIPTIVE  LIST.  2OI 

A.  Cattleya  marginata.  Rio  Janeiro.  Pax.  Mag.,  10,  265. 

I.  H.,  I93. 

A  beautiful  dwarf  species.  Sepals  and  petals  rosy 
crimson  ;  lip  deep  rose,  bordered  with  white ;  very  fra- 
grant. Should  be  grown  on  a  block  or  in  a  basket. 
Blooms  in  September. 

This  plant  is  by  some  considered  a  Lcelia,  and  by 
others  as  identical  with  Cattkya  pumila.  It  seems  to  us 
to  be  a  very  distinct  species,  differing  in  habit,  in  size 
in  its  two-leaved  pseudo-bulb,  and  in  flower.  There  are 
many  varieties,  all  charming. 

A.  Cattleya  maxima.     Guayaquil  and  Colombia. 

SYN.  Cattleya  Quindos.  Bat.  2d  Cen.,  131. 

B.  R.,  32,  i. 
I.  H,  3,  29. 
B.  M.,  4902. 
Fl.des  Ser.,2136. 

A  tall-growing  species  with  long  channeled  pseudo- 
bulbs.  Flowers  in  mid-winter,  opening  pale  pink,  but 
deepening  daily  in  color ;  lip  variegated  with  deep  crim- 
son net-work,  yellow  at  base.  There  are  varieties  called 
alba  and  violacea,  which  only  differ  in  shades  of  color. 

A.   Cattleya  Mendeli.     New  Granada     .     .     F.  M.,  2,  32. 
A  very  rare  species.     Flowers  large ;  sepals  and  petals 
lavender  blue;  lip  deep  brownish  crimson  and  yellow. 
Probably  allied  to  Cattleya  Triance. 

A.  Cattleya  Mossice.    La  Guayra  .     .     .     B.  R.,  1840,  58. 

B.  M,  3669. 


2O2  ORCHIDS. 

Flower  lilac-rose  ;  lip  richly  marked  with  yellow  and 
purple.  This  is  a  magnificent  species,  the  flowers  often 
being  five  to  eight  inches  across,  and  produced  three 
or  four  on  a  spike.  Blooms  from  March  to  August. 

This  species  is  nearly  allied  to  Cattleya  labiata,  the 
chief  distinction  being  in  the  markings  of  the  lip,  the  lip 
of  labiata  being  comparatively  plain. 

In  a  collection  scarce  two  plants  will  bear  flowers 
alike,  and  there  is  great  opportunity  for  selection,  yet  the 
poorest  are  splendid  flowers. 

In  our  own  collection  we  could  name  almost  as  many 
varieties  as  there  are  plants,  but  it  seems  useless  to  mul- 
tiply names,  and  for  the  same  reason  we  refrain  from  de- 
scribing the  many  varieties  which  appear  in  European 
catalogues.  All  are  worth  growing,  and  the  number  to 
grow  must  only  be  limited  by  the  space  which  can  be 
given  them.  By  a  little  care  they  may  be  in  bloom  from 
May  to  August,  and  as  the  flowers  last  in  perfection  six 
weeks  a  splendid  show  may  be  maintained.  They  do 
well  removed  to  the  parlor  when  in  bloom,  and  fill  the 
whole  house  with  their  exquisite  fragrance. 

Cattleya  Perrinii. B.  R.,  24,  2. 

See  LceZia  Perrinii. 

Cattleya  Pinelli.     SYN.  of  Cattleya  pumila. 

A.  Cattleya pumila.     Rio  Janeiro      .     B.  R.,  30,  5. 
SYN.  Lalia  pumila.  B.  M.,  3656. 

War.  Orch.,  2,  32, 

as  Lcelia. 

Perianth  rosy  lilac  ;  lip  lilac-rose,  with  rich  purple-violet 
spot. 


DESCRIPTIVE  LIST.  203 

A  dwarf  species,  resembling  Cattleya  marginatd;  the 
flowers  are  very  large  in  proportion  to  the  size  of  the 
plant  Grow  on  a  block.  A  very  free  bloomer,  and  a 
charmingly  beautiful  plant. 

Cattleya  pumila  major.     SYN.  of  Lcelia  prcestans 

A.  Cattleya  quadricolor.   New  Granada.    B.  M.,  5504 

Bat.  2d  Cen.,  108. 
I.  H,  514. 

A  beautiful  plant  with  long,  narrow  pseudo-bulbs,  pro- 
ducing its  flowers  on  the  young  growth,  in  early  summer  • 
sepals  and  petals  rosy  white ;  lip  curled,  crimson,  edged 
with  white,  and  yellow  centre. 

Cattleya  Quindos.     See  Cattleya  maxima. 

A.  Cattleya  quinquecolor F.  M.,  511. 

A  hybrid  between  Cattleya  Forbesii  and  Acklandia.  Se- 
pals and  petals  light  olive-green,  spotted  with  brown  and 
chocolate  ;  lip  white,  with  large  yellow  blotch,  veined  with 
rose. 

Cattleya  Regnellii.     SYN.  of  Cattleya  Schilleriana. 
Cattleya  Ruckerii.     See  Cattleya  Triance. 
Cattleya  Russelliana.     See  Cattleya  guttata. 

A.  Cattleya  Schilleriana.     Brazil     .    .    .     B.  M.,  5150. 

Jen.  Orch.,  25-. 

A  species  with  the  growth  of  Cattleya  Acklandia,  and 
the  flowers  of  Cattleya  guttata,  and  a  handsomer  plant  than 
either.  Foliage  marbled  with  black;  flowers  deep  rosy 
mahogany  color;  lip  with  darker  stripes  and  shadinga 


2O4  ORCHIDS. 

edged  with  pink.     Blooms  in  summer  from  the  young 
growth. 

A.  Cattleya  Schilleriana  Regnellii.     Brazil. 

War.  Orch.,  2,  22. 

A  very  fine  variety  with  olive-green  flowers,  spotted 
with  purple  ;  lip  amethyst  shaded  with  purple  and  bor- 
dered with  white  ;  base  yellow.  Blooms  twice  a  year,  in 
June  and  September.  Should  be  grown  on  a  block  and 
kept  warm  and  shaded. 

Cattleya  Schomburgkii.     SYN.  of  Cattleya  superba. 

A.  Cattleya  Sedeniana. 

A  garden  hybrid  between  Cattleya  crispa  and  Cattleya 
granulosa.  A  plant  of  tall  habit,  with  large,  handsome 
flowers.  Sepals  and  petals  light-rose,  shaded  with  green ; 
lip  white  margin,  purple  centre,  with  dark  veins. 

A.  Cattleya  Skinnerii.     Guatemala  .     B.  M.,  4270. 

Pax.  Mag.,  n,  193. 

Bat.,  13. 

B.  M.,  4916. 

Flowers  violet-rose  with  crimson  lip ;  white  centre ; 
very  large.  A  fine  and  easily  grown  variety,  blooming  in 
March,  April,  and  May.  If  well  grown  there  are  often 
twelve  flowers  on  the  spike.  One  of  the  best  of  the 
Cattleyas  for  general  culture. 

A.  Cattleya  speciosissima.     Caracas. 
SYNS.  Cattleya  Bassettii. 
C.  Luddemaniana. 

Evidently  a  form  of  Cattleya  labiata.  Flowers  large, 
rosy  white  ;  lip  amethyst. 


DESCRIPTIVE  LIST.  20$ 

A.  Cattleya  spetiosissima  Lowii.     Venezuela. 

A  very  fine  variety  with  large  lip  with  white  markings 
and  lines  of  yellow. 

A.  Cattleya  superba.     Eng.  Guiana  .     Pax.  Mag.,  9,  265. 
SYN.  Cattleya  Schomburgkii.          Sert.  O.,  22. 

B.  M.,  4083. 
War.  Orch.,  24. 
Fl.  des  Sen,  926. 

Flowers  deep  rose,  with  rich  crimson  lip.  A  beautiful 
but  slow-growing  species,  blooming  in  June  and  July. 

This  species  requires  more  heat  than  the  other  Cat- 
tleyas.  It  should  never  surfer  for  want  of  water. 

A.   Cattleya  superba  splendens.     Rio  Negro    .     I.  H.,  605. 
A  magnificent  variety,  with  larger  flowers.    Sepals  and 
petals  bright  rose ;  lip,  base  white,  violet  rose,  with  golden 
lines. 

A.  Cattleya  Triance.     New  Granada. 

A  beautiful  winter-blooming  Cattleya,  of  which  there 
are  a  vast  number  of  varieties,  all  good.  The  type  has 
white  sepals  and  petals,  which  do  not  expand  fully  ; 
lip  white,  with  yellow  throat  more  or  less  suffused  with 
blush ;  flower  delightfully  fragrant ;  blooms  from  Decem- 
ber to  February,  the  flowers  lasting  four  weeks,  if  kep* 
from  damp.  Fine  varieties  are  figured  in  the  Floral  Mag- 
azine, 2d  series,  pi.  66  and  176. 

A.  Cattleya  Triana  Daisy. 

A  very  fine  variety,  superior  to  any  we  have  seen.  The 
plant  was  sent  us  by  Messrs.  Low,  in  the  large  mass  as 
just  imported,  it  not  having  flowered  in  England. 


2O6  ORCHIDS. 

The  growth  resembles  the  strongest  varieties  of  Cattkya 
Mossier.,  but  the  foliage  is  broader,  more  massive,  and  of  a 
darker  green. 

The  flowers  measure  more  than  five  inches  in  diam- 
eter, are  produced  three  on  a  spike,  and  are  of  great 
substance  ;  petals  rosy  white,  beautifully  crimped,  sepals 
white,  with  lavender  tinge,  both  expanding  fully ;  lip  very 
large,  throat  bright  orange  shading  through  rose  to  white 
and  tipped  with  amethyst,  and  crimped ;  flowers  very  fra- 
grant. 

The  only  plant  is  in  the  Glen  Ridge  collection. 

A.   Cattkya  vehitina.     Brazil. 

A  rare  species,  resembling  Cattkya  bicolor  in  growth, 
with  pale  orange  fragrant  flowers;  lip  velvety,  orange 

streaked  with  violet. 

• 

Cattkya  Wagneri Reich.  Xen.,  13. 

A  very  rare  species,  with  large  flowers  resembling  Cat- 
tkya Mossift.  Sepals  and  petals  white  ;  lip  white  with 
rich  yellow  centre. 

Cattkya  Walker iana.     See  Cattkya  bulbosa. 

Cattkya  Warneri.     Brazil F.  M.,  516. 

War.  Orch.,  8. 

A  species  resembling  Cattkya  labiata  in  growth.  Scapes 
three  to  five  flowered;  blossoms  six  inches  across;  sepals 
and  petals  mauve,  clouded  with  rose,  and  fringed.;  lip 
orange  yellow,  at  base  rosy  crimson. 

Cattkya  Warscewiczii Reich,  Xen.,  3,  i; 

War.  Orch.,  4. 


DESCRIPTIVE  LIST.  2O/ 

This  plant,  and  its  varieties  delicata  and  superba,  seem 
to  be  only  varieties  of  Cattleya  Triance,  which,  as  we  have 
before  remarked,  sports  into  innumerable  forms. 

The  flowers  vary  greatly  in  color,  much  in  form,  and 
the  plants  somewhat  in  habit.  They  are  all  winter  bloom- 
ing, and  it  is  only  a  question  of  preference  whether  to 
regard  Cattleya  Warscewiczii  as  a  variety  of  Cattleya 
Triance,  or  vice  versa. 

Be  this  as  it  may,  we  cannot  have  too  many  of  these 
charming  plants,  and  the  variety  the  several  specimens 
exhibit  will  prove  a  constant  source  of  pleasure. 

This  genus  of  Orchids  are  general  favorites  ;  they  com- 
bine elegance  of  form  and  color  and  agreeable  fragrance 
with  easy  culture  and  profusion  of  flowers.  Most  of  the 
species  should  be  grown  in  pots,  with  good  drainage,  in 
peat  and  moss.  The  plants  should  always  be  elevated 
above  the  rim  of  the  pot.  Cattleya  marginata,  bulbosa 
ritrina,  Regnelli,  and  pumila  should  be  grown  on  blocks 
with  moss,  or  in  baskets.  All  the  species,  except  Cattleya 
citrina  and  granulosa,  should  be  grown  in  the  East  Indian 
house,  with  a  good  supply  of  heat,  but  not  too  much 
water  while  they  are  growing.  Water  at  the  roots  once 
or  twice  a  week  will  be  sufficient  for  those  in  the  most 
vigorous  growth,  and  water  should  never  rest  on  the 
foliage.  Too  much  water  causes  the  bulbs  to  rot.  As 
long  as  the  soil  is  moist,  no  water  is  required ;  when  it 
becomes  dry,  water  the  soil,  not  the  bulbs. 

As  soon  as  the  plants  have  made  their  growth,  they 
should  have  a  long  season  of  rest,  during  which  they 
should  be  kept  cool,  rather  dry,  with  just  water  enough  to 
prevent  them  from  shriveling.  Cattleyas  generally  make 


208  ORCHIDS. 

their  growth  after  flowering,  but  Cattleya  bulbosa  and 
C.  superba  flower  while  making  their  growth.  The  plants 
preserve  their  flowers  in  perfection  for  many  weeks,  if 
kept  in  a  cool,  dry  house.  Propagated  by  division.  The 
foliage  of  Cattleyas  should  be  frequently  sponged,  to  re- 
move any  dust,  and  care  should  be  taken  to  remove  scale, 
to  which  the  plants  are  subject.  The  plants  should  never 
be  syringed. 

Ceratochilus. 
An  old  name  of  Stanhopea. 

Cheirostylis. 

A  genus  to  which  Ancectochilus  Lowii  and  Lobbii  are 
sometimes  referred. 

Chrysobaphus. 

Chrysobaphus  Roxburghii  is  Ancectochilus  setaceus. 

Chysis.     Lindley.     Epiphyte. 

Name  from  xvffts>  a  stream,  or  anything  melted. 

A.  Chysis  aurea.     Venezuela B.  R.,  1937. 

B.  M.,  3617. 

Flower  white,  lined  with  yellow,  marked  with  crimson. 
Blooms  at  different  seasons,  and  often  twice  a  year. 

C.  Chysis  aurea  maculata.    Colombia.     B.  M.,  4576. 

Fl.  des  Ser.,  671. 

Lem.  Jard.,  121. 

Petals  and  sepals  golden  yellow,  with  a  large  orange- 
red  spot  \  lip  white,  with  violet  rays.  A  very  beautiful 
and  well  marked  variety. 


DESCRIPTIVE  LIST.  209 

A.  Chysis  bractescens.    Oaxaca  .     .     .     B.  M.,  5186. 

Fl.  des  Ser.,  675. 

B.  R.,  1841,  23. 

Bat.  2d  Cen.,  138. 

Flowers  large,  white,  with  large  blotch  of  yellow  on  the 
lip  j  very  fragrant.  Blooms  in  April  and  May.  A  beauti- 
ful and  free-flowering  species,  of  easy  culture. 

A.  Chysis  Iczvis.     Oaxaca    ....     I.  H.,  365. 

Bat,  31. 

War.  Orch.,  2,  14. 

Flowers  cream-color,  with  yellow  on  the  lip  ;  produced 
from  base  of  young  growths,  on  long  pendulous  spikes. 
The  finest  of  the  genus,  and  a  very  rare  plant. 

A.  Chysis  Limminghei.     Tobasco      .     .     I.  H.,  240. 

B.  M.,  5265. 
War.  Orch.,  34. 

Petals  white,  heavily  tipped  with  pink ;  lip  beautifully 
marked  with  carmine  and  yellow,  flower  large.  This  may 
be  considered  a  variety  of  Chysis  aurea. 

The  flowers  appear  with  the  young  growth  in  spring, 
and,  while  not  as  large  and  showy  as  in  other  species,  are 
charmingly  pretty. 

Chysis  undulata. 

A  rare  species ;  flowers  orange  yellow,  with  cream- 
colored  lip  lined  with  pink. 

These  plants  are  deciduous,  losing  their  leaves  during 
the  resting  season.     The  flowers  are  produced  with  the 
young  growth.    They  should  have  a  liberal  supply  of  heat 
14 


2IO  ORCHIDS. 

and  moisture  during  the  growing  season,  but  very  little  of 
either  when  at  rest. 

They  may  be  grown  in  pots,  with  peat,  moss,  and  pot- 
sherds, and  with" good  drainage,  or  in  baskets,  in  same 
material,  or  on  blocks  with  moss.  Propagated  by  divis- 
ion, just  as  the  plants  begin  to  grow.  The  swollen 
pseudo-bulbs  are  curious. 

Cirrhcea.     Lindley.     Epiphyte. 

Name  from  cirrus,  a  ringlet  or  tendril. 

B.  Cirrhosa  atropurpurea.     Rio  Janeiro. 
Flower  purple,  with  richer  purple  lip. 

C.  Cirrh&a  Loddigesii.    Brazil B.  R.,  1538. 

Flower  greenish  yellow;  sepals  marked  with  red;  lip 

sharp  and  long,  green,  marked  with  red. 

C.   Cirrhcea  picta.     Rio  Janeiro. 

Flower  clear  yellow,  marked  with  brown  ;  lip  greenish, 
marked  with  red. 

The  flowers  of  these  plants  resemble  insects.  They 
are  of  easy  culture,  very  floriferous,  and  should  be  in 
every  collection.  Treat  like  Acropera.  The  following  are 
species :  — 

Cirrhcea  fusco  lutea.    B.  M.,     C.  rubro  purpurea. 

3726.  C.  saccata. 

C.  bractescens.  SYN.  C.  fusco  httea. 

C.  immaculata.  C  tristis.     B.  R.,  1889. 

C.  lavis.  C.     mridis-purpurea.       Lodd. 

C.  obtusata.    B.  R.,  2005.  Cab.,  1967. 

C.pallida.  C.Warreana.  Lodd.  Cab.,  1999. 
C.  Russelliana. 


DESCRIPTIVE  LIST.  211 

Cirrhopetalum.     Lindley.     Epiphyte. 

Name  from  KippSs,  tawny,  and  ireraXov,  a  petal. 


C.   Cirrhopetalum  auratum.    Singapore.     B.  R.,  1843,  61. 

M.  O.  P.,  4. 

The  flowers  are  fan  -shaped,  yellow  ground,  marked  with 
crimson;  the  upper  sepal  and  the  petals  are  drawn  out 
into  golden  hairs  j  the  lateral  sepals  are  slightly  marked 
with  purple. 

C.  Cirrhopetalum  chinense.    Manilla  .     .     M.  O.  P.,  2. 

B.  R.,  29,  49. 

The  upper  sepal  and  the  petals  are  purple,  the  lateral 
sepals  greenish  yellow.  The  flowers  are  the  largest  of 
the  species.  One  of  the  lobes  resembles  a  chin,  and  has 
a  tongue  which  is  in  perpetual  motion. 

B.  Cirrhopetalum  Cumingii.     Philippines     .     B.  M.,  4996. 
A  pretty  species  ;   flowers  in  regular  circles  ;  sepals 
large,  rich  red. 

B.  Cirrhopetalum  Medusa.    Singapore.    M.  O.  P.,  i. 

B.  R.,  1842,  12. 

B.  M.,  4077. 

Bat.  2d  Cen.,  148. 

The  sepals  and  petals  are  prolonged  into  long  hairs, 
which  give  the  flower  the  appearance  of  a  head  with  the 
hair  hanging  down.  The  interior  of  the  flower  is  marked 
with  violet. 

"*  This  is  a  very  curious  plant.  How  the  slender  hair- 
like  sepals  untwist  themselves  from  the  bud  is  a  mystery. 
It  is  easily  grown,  and  keot  in  the  hottest  part  of  the 


212  ORCHIDS. 

house,  and  never  allowed  to  dry  up,  our  plants  bloom 
freely  every  January. 

Cirrhopetalum  Pahudii.     Java. 

SYN.  Bolbophyllum  Pahudii. 

Flowers  in  an  umbel,  large,  reddish  brown,  with  bright 
red  dots. 

C.  Cirrhopetalum  Thouarsii.     Manilla. 

SYNS.  Bolbophyllum  longiflorum.  B.  R.,  24,  n. 

Cymbidium  umbellatum.  B.  M.,  4237. 

Epidendrum  umbellatum.  M.  O.  P.,  3. 

Zygopetalum  umbellatum. 

The  sepals  are  long ;  the  petals  yellow,  deeply  marked 
with  red,  serrate,  and  bordered  with  hairs. 

The  following  are  other  species  :  — 
Cirrhopetalum  auratum.  C.  Macrai.    B.  M.,  4422. 

B.  R.,  29,  61.  C.  nutans.     B.  M.,  4418. 

C.  ccespitosum.  C.  picturatum. 

C.  candelabre.  C.  umbellatum. 

C.  cornutum.     B.  M.,  4753.        C.  vaginatum. 
C.fimbriatum.     B.  M.,  4391.     C.  Wallichii. 

These  plants  should  be  grown  on  blocks,  or  in  pots, 
with  a  little  moss,  in  the  East  Indian  house.  They  need 
much  heat  and  moisture  in  the  growing  season.  All  the 
species  are  very  curious,  and  as  they  are  small-growing 
and  occupy  but  little  room,  a  few  should  find  place  in 
every  collection.  All  are  rather  scarce  plants. 


DESCRIPTIVE  LIST. 


213 


Cleisostoma.     Blume.     Epiphyte. 

Name  from  /cAeior<fc,  closed,  and  or^no,  a  mouth. 

This  genus  is  chiefly  only  interesting  to  the  botanist, 
though  some  of  the  species  are  pretty  plants  and  of  easy 
culture.  Cleisostoma  Dawsonianus  resembles  a  Renanthera. 
The  flowers  are  yellow  and  brown,  on  branching  spikes. 

Cleisostoma  crassifoliwn  (Pax.  Fl.  G.,  99  ;  Lem.  Jard., 
397),  and  Cleisostoma  ionosmum  (B.  R.,  33,  41),  are  other 
species. 

All  are  natives  of  India,  and  are  of  easy  culture,  re- 
quiring the  same  treatment  as  Aerides. 

Ccelia.     Lindley.     Epiphyte. 

Name  from  /coiAoy,  hollow. 
C&lia  asperata.     See  Ccelogyne  Lowii. 

B.  C&tta  macrostachia.     Mexico     .     .     B.  M.,  4712. 

B.  R.,  1842,  36. 

Lem.  Jard.,  423. 

Fl.  des  Ser.,  900. 

Flowers  small ;  sepals  lively  rose  outside ;  petals  white, 
forming  long  points. 

The  plants  should  be  grown  in  pots,  well  drained,  in 
peat,  moss,  and  potsherds.  They  need  but  little  heat 
during  the  resting  season,  but  a  hot,  moist  atmosphere  in 
growth. 

Ccelogyne.     Lindley.     Epiphyte. 

Name  from  KO/AOS,  hollow,  and  yvvf],  a  woman,  or  stigma. 
Calogyne  asperata.     See  Ccelogyne  Lowii. 


214  ORCHIDS. 

B.  C&togyne  barbata.     Bengal. 

Flower  white ;  lip  white,  striped  with  yellow  and  deli- 
cately tinted  with  violet  at  the  base. 

A.  Coslogyne  cristata.   Nepaul  .     .     .     Pes.,  25. 

SYN.  Cymbidium  strictum.  B.  R.,  1841,  57. 

War.  Orch.,  35. 
Jen.  Orch.,  7. 
Fl.  des  Ser.,  1807. 

Flowers  large,  entirely  white,  with  a  blotch  of  yellow 
on  the  lip ;  produced  on  a  drooping  spike,  six  or  eight 
together,  from  the  bottom  of  the  bulb,  from  January  to 
March. 

This  is  a  magnificent  species,  which  any  one  having  a 
greenhouse  can  grow.  Of  late  years  it  has  been  grown 
in  great  perfection,  and  it  is  as  easy  to  have  plants  a  foot 
or  more  in  diameter,  producing  hundreds  of  flowers,  as  it 
is  to  grow  verbenas.  Give  plenty  of  water  when  growing, 
free  circulation  of  warm  air,  and  not  too  much  heat  3  pot 
in  peaty  loam. 

There  are  varieties  which  differ  only  in  intensity  of 
yellow  on  the  lip. 

This  plant  is  one  of  the  most  beautiful  of  Orchids. 

B.  Ccehgyne  Cumingii.     Singapore.     Fl.  des  Ser.,  8,  764. 

B.  M.,  4645. 
B.  R.,  1840,  29. 
M.O.P.,3. 
Lem.  Jard.,  337. 

Sepals  and  petals  white ;  lip  bright  yellow,  divided  by 
three  white  ridges  tipped  with  deep  orange. 


DESCRIPTIVE  LIST.  215 

B.  Ccelogyne  elata.     Sylhet    .     .    .     B.  M.,  5001. 

B.  R.,  1839,  m-  I5I« 
Flowers  white,  shaded  with  yellow. 

C.  Coelogyne  fimbriata.     China     .     .     Lodd.  Cab.,  1425. 

SYN.  Broughtonia  linearis.  B.  R.,  868. 

Flowers  greenish  yellow ;  lip  flesh-color,  with  two  small 
orange-yellow  crests. 

C.  Cctlogyne  fuliginosa.    East  Indies  .     .     Lem.  Jard.,  7. 

B.  M.,  4440. 

.Flowers  transparent,  creamy  white;  lip  richly  marked 
with  deep  brown,  and  ribbed. 

B.  Ccelogyne  Gardneriana.    East  Indies.    Pax.  Mag.,  6,  73. 

G.  and  S.,  41. 

Flowers  white,  delicately  tinted  with  yellow,  produced 
in  winter,  on  a  drooping  spike.  A  very  pretty  species. 

B.  Ccelogyne  Goweri.     Assam. 

A  pretty  and  rare  species ;  flowers  in  pendulous  ra- 
cemes, white,  with  yellow  blotch  on  the  lip. 

Ccelogyne  hiimilis.     See  Pleione. 

B.  Ctzlogyne  interrupta.     East  Indies. 
Flowers  entirely  white. 

Cozlogyne  Lagenaria.     See  Pleione. 

A.  Ccelogyne  Lowii.    Borneo  .     .     .     Pes.,  7. 

Pax.  Mag.,  16,  225. 

A  large-growing  species,  blooming  in  summer ;  flowers 
ten  or  more,  in  long  drooping  racemes,  very  large,  pale 
yellow  and  chocolate.  A  very  handsome  plant. 


2l6  ORCHIDS. 

C&logyne  maculata.     See  Pleione. 

A.  C&logyne  media.     Khasya. 

A  pretty,  dwarf,  winter-blooming  species,  with  creamy 
white  flowers  ;  lip  yellow  and  brown. 

A.  Calogyne  odoratissima Wight,  Ic.,  1640. 

B.  M.,  5462. 

A  dwarf  species,  producing  pretty,  white,  fragrant  flow- 
ers in  winter. 

B.  Calogyne  ochracea.     East  Indies   .     M.  O.  P.,  2. 

B.  R.,  1846,  69. 
B.  M.,  4661. 
Lem.  Jard.,  342. 
Bat.  2d  Cen.,  145. 

Perianth  brilliant  yellow;  lip  whitish,  with  two  deep 
purple  rays. 

A.  Ccelogyne  pandurata.    Borneo.     .     Reich.  Xen.,  121. 

B.  M.,  5084. 

Fl.  des  Ser.,  2139. 

Bat.  2d  Cen.,  160. 

Flowers  vivid  green,  marked  with  black.  A  very  showy 
plant,  and  very  remarkable  in  color.  Should  be  grown  in 
the  hottest  house. 

Ccelogyne  Parishii.     Moulmein     .     .     .     .     B.  M.,  5323. 
A  species  much  resembling  the  last,  but  smaller  in  all 
its  parts  ;  a  very  pretty  plant,  with  curious  pseudo-bulbs ; 
flowers  green  and  black. 

Calogyne  pracox.     See  Pleione. 


DESCRIPTIVE  LIST.  2 1/ 

C&logyne  Reichenbachiana.     See  Pleione. 
Cxlogyne  Schilleriana.     See  Pleione. 

A.  Caslogyne  spedosa.     Java     .     .     .     .     M.  O.  P.,  5. 
SYNS.  Chilonanthera  spedosa.  B.  R.,  1847,  23- 

Angrcecum  nervosum.  B.  M.,  4889. 

Perianth  yellowish  white ;  lip  grayish  brown  outside, 
yellow  inside.  A  very  pretty,  free  blooming,  and  desirable 
species. 

Ccelogyne  Wallichiana.     See  Pleione. 
The  following  are  desirable  species :  — 

Coslogyne  tiliata. 

C.  corrugata.    Wight,  Ic.,  5,  1639 ;  B.  M.,  5601  ;  Bat.  2d  Cen., 

188. 

C.fiacdda.    B.  R.,  1841,  31 ;  B.  M.,  3318. 
C.fuscescens.     B.  M.,  5494;  Bat.  2d  Cen.,  104. 
C.  lentiginosa.    B.  M.,  5958. 
C.  longicaulis. 
C.  nitida. 

SYN.  C.  ocellata.    B.  M.,  3707. 
C.  ovalis.     B.  R. 
C.  prolifera. 
C.  punctulata. 
C.  rigida. 

C.  testacea.    B.  M.,  4785. 
C.  undulata. 

These  plants  are  evergreen  (the  deciduous  species 
being  now  known  as  Pleione}.  The  flowers  appear  with 
the  young  growth. 

They  should  be  grown  in  well  drained  pots,  with  peat 
and  moss,  in  the  East  Indian  house,  with  abundance  of 


2l8  ORCHIDS. 

water  during  the  growing  season,  but  when  at  rest  should 
be  placed  in  a  cooler  house  with  but  little  water. 

Though  but  few  species  are  generally  grown,  almost  all 
of  the  genus  are  desirable.  The  flowers  last  long  in  per- 
fection, if  kept  from  damp,  and  the  plants  are  so  easily 
grown  they  should  be  in  every  collection.  Of  Ccelogyne 
cristata,  spetiosa,  Gardneriana,  and  Lowii  one  can  scarce 
have  too  many.  All  species  are  propagated  easily  by 
division. 

Colax.     Lindley.     Epiphyte. 

Name  from  /c<*Aa£,  a  parasite. 

A.  Colax  jugosus.     Brazil Reich.  Xen.,  41. 

B.  M.,  5661. 
I.  H,  3,  96. 

A  rare  plant,  with  dark  green  foliage,  and  spikes  of 
two  or  more  cream-colored  and  white  flowers,  with  rich 
purple  stripes. 

These  plants  should  be  potted  in  peat  and  moss,  and 
be  grown  in  moderate  heat. 

Formerly  many  plants  now  known  as  Lycaste  were 
called  Colax,  and  as  such  are  figured  in  early  botanical 
works.  See  Lycaste  aromatica,  Harrisonii. 

Comparettia.     Poeppig  and  Endlicher.     Epiphyte. 

Dedicated  to  Professor  Comparetti. 

R  Comparettia  cocdnea.  Rio  Janeiro.  Maund,  Bot,  4,  186. 

B.  R.,  24,  68. 
M.  O.  P.,  i. 
I.  H.,  472- 
This  delicate  little  plant  has  reddish  leaves,  the  flowers 


DESCRIPTIVE  LIST.  2 19 

are  produced  in  winter  in  little  bunches  on  a  long  stalk, 
color  reddish  scarlet. 

B.  Comparettia  falcata.    Mexico.    B.  M.,  4980. 

P.  and  E.,  i,  44,  tab.  73. 

Flowers  rosy  purple,  the  lip  lightly  veined  with  darker 
tints  of  the  same  color. 

B.  Comparettia  rosea.     Mexico      .     .     Fl.  des  Ser.,  2,  45. 

Pax.,  1843,  i. 

A  species  somewhat  resembling  the  last.  Flowers 
small ;  perianth  rose,  the  upper  part  white,  edged  with 
carmine  ;  lip  deep  rose. 

These  plants  should  be  grown  on  a  piece  of  cork,  with 
a  little  moss.  The  pseudo-bulbs  of  all  the  species  are 
small.  Water  should  be  carefully  given,  and  during  the 
resting  season  the  plants  should  be  kept  almost  dry,  but 
never  allowed  to  dry  up.  The  flowers  last  long  in 
beauty.  They  should  be  grown  in  the  shade. 


Coryanthes.     Hooker.     Epiphyte. 

Name  from  ictpvs,  a  helmet,  and  &vOo$,  a  flower. 

B.  Coryanthes  eximia.     Bahia Portf.,  1847. 

Sepals  and  petals  greenish  yellow,  tipped  with  brown- 
ish purple  ;  lip  forming  a  basin,  purple  outside,  and  pur- 
ple marked  with  yellow  and  rich  purple. 

B.  Coryanthes  Albertinea.     Venezuela.     Fl.  des  Ser.,  755. 

Sert.  Bot,  7,  as 

Gongora. 
M.  O.  P.,  i. 


OKCHIDS. 

Flowers  large,  perianth  yellow,  marked  with  purple; 
basin  lively  purple  outside,  yellowish  green,  regularly 
marked  with  purple  inside. 

A.  Coryanthes  macrantha.     Caracas     .    M.  O.  P.,  29. 

Pax.  Mag.,  5,  31. 

Pes.,  30. 

B.  R.,  1841. 

Flowers  as  large  as  the  last ;  perianth  yellow,  spotted 
with  brown  ;  lip  ochre-yellow,  inside  of  the  basin  marked 
with  pale  crimson.  Blooms  in  May,  June,  July,  and  is 
the  best  of  the  genus. 

B.  Coryanthes  maculata.     Demerara  .   B.  R.,  1793. 

Maund,  Bot.,  228. 

B.  M.,  3102,  3747. 

Perianth  greenish  yellow,  spotted  with  brown  ;  basin  of 
the  lip  marked  with  dull  crimson  inside.  Blooms  in  sum- 
mer. 

B.  Coryanthes  Parkerii.     Demerara  .     .     .     B.  M.,  3747. 
This  species  differs  little  from  the  last,  except  in  the 
color  of  the  spots,  which  are  brownish  purple. 

B.  Coryanthes  Fieldingii.     Lindley  .     Fl.  des  Sen,  364-5. 

Flower  brownish  yellow,  lightly  spotted  with  cinnamon 
yellow. 

The  flowers  of  this  plant  are  very  large,  and  differ 
from  the  other  species  in  having  a  shaggy  fringe  which 
surrounds  the  casque  which  conceals  the  column. 

B.  Coryanthes  spedosa.     Demerara Bat,  36. 

SYN.  Gongora  spedosa.     Hooker. 
Flowers  pale  yellow,  in  April  or  May. 


DESCRIPTIVE  LIST.  221 

The  flowers  of  this  genus  are  among  the  most  curious 
of  Orchids.  The  flowers  have  two  glands,  from  which 
proceed  two  fleshy  horns,  which  continually  distil  a 
honeyed  liquid,  which  falls  into  a  basin  formed  by  the 
lip.  The  flowers  fade  when  this  dropping  stops,  and  sel- 
dom continue  in  perfection  more  than  four  days.  The 
plants  are  evergreen,  producing  the  flowers  on  a  spike 
from  the  bottom  of  the  bulb.  They  should  be  grown  in 
baskets  in  peat  and  moss,  with  plenty  of  water  and  heat 
during  the  growing  season.  Keep  rather  dry  during  rest. 
Propagate  by  division. 

These  plants  are  sometimes  referred  to  Gongora. 


Cycnoches.     Lindley.     Epiphyte. 

Name  from  KVKVOS,  a  swan,  and  av^v,  a  neck. 

A.  Cycnoches  aureum.     Central  America.  Pax.  Fl.  G.,  75. 

Lem.  Jard.,  264. 

A  handsome  species,  with  long  racemes  of  light  yellow 
flowers. 

B.  Cycnoches  barbatum.     New  Granada      .     B.  M.,  4479. 
A  dwarf  species ;  sepals  and  petals  and  lip  greenish 

white,  spotted  with  pink.     Blooms  in  June  and  July. 

B.  Cycnoches  chlorochilum.     La  Guayra  .     .     Sert.  O.,  16. 
Flowers  greenish  yellow ;  lip  pale  yellow,  with  a  large 
spot  of  emerald-green  at  the  base  of  the  column. 

B.  Cycnoches  Egertonianum  ....     Bat,  40. 

B.  R.,  32,  46,  var. 

Flowers  purple,  inside  green,  outside  purplish,   and 
marked  with  rich  violet. 


222  ORCHIDS. 

A.  Cycnoches  Loddigesii.     Surinam     .     Lodd.  Cab.,  2000. 

Fl.  Cab.,  15. 

B.  R,  1742. 

B.  M.,  4215. 

B.  M,  3855. 

Perianth  brownish  green,  marked  with  yellowish  brown ; 
lip  white,  marked  with  red  ;  very  fragrant. 

The  flowers  are  four  inches  across,  and  resemble  the 
expanded  wings  of  a  swan.  Blooms  in  July  and  August, 
continuing  long  in  perfection. 

A.  Cycnoches  leuchochilum.     Guiana  .     .     .     B.  M.,  3853. 
Perianth  greenish  yellow,   marked  with    brown ;    lip 

white,  marked  with  greenish  yellow.     Flowers  very  large 
and  fragrant. 

C.  Cycnoches  maculatum    ....     Maund,  Bot,  4,  156. 

I.  H.,  3,  143. 

Sert.  O.,  33. 

A  small  species,  with  long  flower-spikes,  bearing  a 
profusion  of  pale  brown  flowers,  marked  with  yellowish 
brown. 

B.  Cycnoches pentadactylon.     Brazil.     .     .     B.  R.,  29,  22. 
Flowers  very  large,  yellow  and  brown. 

B.  Cycnoches  ventricosum.  Guatemala.  Maund,  Bot.,  2,  54. 

B.  M.,  4054. 

Bat,  5. 

Flowers  pale,  whitish  yellow;  lip  yellow,  edged  with 
white.  Flowers  fragrant,  in  June,  July,  and  August. 

These  plants  are  all  deciduous,  losing  their  leaves  as 


DESCRIPTIVE  LIST.  22$ 

soon  as  they  have  completed  their  growth  j  the  flowers 
are  produced  nearly  from  the  top  of  the  bulb.  They 
should  be  grown  in  the  East  Indian  house  in  rough, 
fibrous  peat,  with  good  drainage,  and  a  good  supply  of 
water.  When  at  rest  they  should  receive  but  little  water, 
should  be  kept  in  the  cooler  house,  near  the  glass,  in  full 
light.  Care  must  be  taken  not  to  allow  water  to  collect 
on  the  flower  shoots  or  buds,  as  they  easily  damp  off. 
Propagated  by  dividing  the  bulbs  just  as  they  begin  to 
grow. 

Though  not  popular  with  Orchid  growers  they  are  well 
worthy  of  culture,  being  showy,  curious,  lasting  long  in 
bloom,  and  in  some  species  fragrant. 

Cymbidium.     Schwartz.     Epiphyte  and  Terrestrial. 

Name  from  KV/J.&OS,  a  cup  or  boat. 

B.  Cymbidium  aloefoliiim.    East  Indies.  Terrestrial. 

SYN.  Aerides  Eorasii.  G.  and  S.,  165. 

Epidendrum  aloefolium.  Lodd.  Cab.,  967. 

Sepals  and  petals  pale  purple,  marked  down  the  centre 
with  a  dark  line.  The  flower  stalk  is  drooping,  many 
flowered.  A  well  known  Orchid. 

C.  Cymbidium  bicolor.     Ceylon.     Epiphyte. 

Flowers  like  the  last,  but  marked  with  yellowish  brown. 
They  also  differ  in  the  form  of  the  sac,  which  is  at  the 
base  of  the  lip. 

Cymbidium  caniculatum.     Australia  .     .     .     B.  M.,  5851. 
A  pretty  species  with  drooping  racemes  of  deep  purple 
flowers,  with  white  and  pink  lip. 


224  ORCHIDS. 

A.  Cymbidium  Dayanum.     Assam. 

A  distinct  species  resembling  Cymbidium  eburneum,  but 
with  pendulous  flower-spike.  Flowers  yellowish  white 
and  purple.  Requires  the  hottest  house. 

B.  Cymbidium  Devonianum.  Epiphyte.  Pax.  Mag.,  10,97. 
Perianth  creamy  white,  with  purple  rays  ;  lip  rich  crim- 
son purple.     Should  be  grown  in  a  basket  with  rotten 
wood  and  leaf  mould. 

A.  Cymbidium  eburneum,    India.    Terrestrial. 

B.  R.,  33,  67. 

Pax.  Mag.,  15,  145. 

B.  M.,  5126. 

Jen.  Orch.,  16. 

War.  Orch.,  21. 

Bat.  2d.  Cen.,  177. 

Sepals  and  petals  pure  white ;  lip  of  same  color,  with 
yellow  blotch  in  centre,  or  in  the  variety  with  rosy  spots. 
Blooms  in  February  and  March.  This  is  a  very  rare 
Orchid ;  a  good  plant  always  commands  an  extravagant 
price.  Handsome  as  it  is  we  hardly  think  it  worth  the 
money  it  costs,  as  there  are  so  many  more  beautiful  Or- 
chids. 

B.  Cymbidium  ensifolium.     China.    Terrestrial. 

B.  R.,  1976. 
B.M.,  1751. 

Perianth  yellowish  green,  marked  with  brown ;  lip 
marked  with  purple. 

Cymbidium  giganteum,     Nepaul.    Epiphyte. 

Sert.  O.,  4. 

Pax.  Mag/,  12,  241. 

B.  M.,  4844. 


DESCRIPTIVE  LIST.  22$ 

A  large-growing  species  producing,  during  the  winter, 
brown  and  purple  flowers  on  long  spikes.  A  showy  plant, 
worth  growing  where  there  is  room. 

Cymbidium  Hookerianum.     Himalaya  Mountains. 

Bat.  2d  Cen.,  187. 

B.  M.,  5574. 

A  species  resembling  the  last  described  in  growth, 
bearing  large,  green,  straw-color,  yellow,  and  purple 
flowers,  on  long  upright  spikes.  This  plant  requires  very 
little  heat. 

Cymbidium  Huttoni.     Java B.  M.,  5676. 

A  rare  Orchid.  Flowers  in  long  racemes,  brown,  spot- 
ted with  chocolate  ;  lip  green,  with  chocolate  stripes. 

A.  Cymbidium  Mastersii.     India.     Epiphyte. 

B.  R.,  31,  50. 

Pax.  Fl.  G.,  78. 

Lem.  Jard.,  289. 

Flowers  white  with  yellow  centre  in  winter.  This  is  a 
very  beautiful  free-blooming  species,  in  growth  much  like 
Cymbidium  eburneum ;  the  flowers  are  of  long  duration 
and  have  a  delicious  almond-like  fragrance. 

B.  Cymbidium  pendulum.     Sylhet.     Epiphyte. 

B.  R.,  26,  25  ;  30,  24. 

A  large-growing  plant,  producing  spikes,  one  or  two 
feet  long,  of  brown  flowers,  with  a  red  lip  striped  with 
white ;  in  July  and  August. 

A.  Cymbidium  atropurpureum.     Java     .     .     B.  M.,  5710. 
Flowers  on  spikes  nearly  three  feet  long ;  sepals  and 
petals  dark  purple,  margined  at  the  tip  with  green ;  lip 
15 


226  ORCHIDS. 

recurved,  pale  purple  ;  centre  white,  tinted  with  rose  and 
spotted  with  purple. 

B.  Cymbidium  pubescens.     Singapore.     Epiphyte. 

B.  R.,  1841,  38. 

A  species  somewhat  resembling  Cymbidium  bicolor. 
The  flowers  are  small,  of  a  rich  purple,  edged  with  bril- 
liant yellow. 

Cymbidium  sinense.     China  ....     Lodd.  Cab.,  37. 

Sert.  Bot.,  7, 

as  Epidendrum. 

A  plant  long  in  cultivation  but  now  seldom  seen.  The 
flowers  are  dull  colored  and  possess  little  beauty,  but  are 
delightfully  fragrant,  and  for  this  alone  it  should  always 
be  grown. 

A.  Cymbidium  tigrinum.     Moulmein     .     .     B.  M.,  5457. 
A  dwarf  grower  with  roundish  pseudo-bulbs.     Flowers 

three  or  more  on  short  spikes,  greenish  yellow,  spotted 
with  red  ;  lip  large,  white,  barred  with  purple. 

B.  Cymbidium  triste.     Japan.     Terrestrial.     B.  M.,  3648. 
Flowers  yellowish  purple ;  lip  large,  of  rich,  deep  pur- 

pie. 

There  are  more  than  fifty  species  of  this  genus.  The 
following  are  good  species  :  — 

Cymbidium  chloranthum.    B.  M.,  4907. 
C.  dependens.    Lodd.  Cab.,  936. 

SYN.  Cirrhoea  dependens. 
C.  Finlaysonianum. 
C.  Gibsonii. 
C.  iridifolium.    B.  R.,  1839. 


DESCRIPTIVE  LIST.  22/ 

C.  lancifolium.     Hook.  Ex.  5 1  ;  Lodd.  Cab.,  927. 

C.  marginatum.     B.  R.,  1530. 

C.  ochroleuchum.     B.  R.,  4141. 

C.  virescens. 

C.  xiphifolium.     B.  R.,  529. 

Though  these  plants  are  in  many  instances  epiphytal, 
they  succeed  much  better  in  cultivation  if  treated  as  ter- 
restrial Orchids,  and  grown  in  pots,  in  a  rich  compost  of 
lumpy  peat,  through  which  the  large  roots  can  readily 
penetrate.  They  require,  when  in  growth,  an  abundance 
of  water,  a  moist  heat,  and  sun ;  but  when  at  rest  should 
be  kept  in  a  dryer  atmosphere,  but  the  soil  must  never 
dry  up.  They  are  generally  of  large  habit,  with  stately 
foliage.  The  flowers  are  showy  but  generally  not  high- 
colored.  In  a  large  collection  a  good  assortment  should 
be  grown,  but  for  a  small  one  Cymbidium  Mastersii  is  the 
best,  Cymbidium  eburneum  being  still  a  very  rare  plant. 
When  well  grown  the  plants  rapidly  attain  a  large  size 
and  flower  freely  every  year.  All  are  propagated  by  di- 
vision. 

Cypripedium.     Linnceus.     Terrestrial. 

Name  from  Kuirpts,  Venus,  and  ir6?>Lov,  a  little  foot. 
B.  Cypripedium  acaule  (or  humik  of  English  cat- 
alogues).   North  America .     .     .     Lodd.  Cab.,   130. 

M.  O.  P.,  7. 
B.  M.,  192. 

Perianth  pale,  dull  brown  ;  lip  large,  bright  pink,  veined 
,vith  darker  lines,  or  rarely  pure  white.  This  is  our 
most  common  species,  native  of  dry  woods  ;  it  is  hardy, 
but  of  somewhat  difficult  domestication. 


228  ORCHIDS. 

A.  Cypripedium  Argus.  Philippines  .  .  B.  M.,  6175. 
A  very  handsome  species,  allied  to  Cypripedium  barba- 
tum  ;  foliage  with  rich  tesselated  markings  ;  sepal  broad, 
white,  with  many  veinings  of  dark  green  and  purple ; 
petals  greenish  white,  rose-colored  at  tip,  studded  with 
dark  purple  spots  ;  lip  dull  purple  and  white ;  flower  very 
large.  A  rare  plant. 

A.  Cypripedium  barbatum.    Mt.  Ophir.    B.  R.,  28,  17. 

B.  M.,  4234. 
M.  O.  P.,  8. 
Fl.  des  Ser.,  1453. 
Fl.  des  Ser.,  190. 

Sepals  greenish  white,  violet-purple  below  ;  upper  sepal 
white,  rayed  with  purple  j  lip  slipper-shaped,  violet-pur- 
ple ;  foliage  beautifully  spotted. 

This  species  is  easily  distinguished  by  the  purple, 
heavy,  and  shining  warts  which  border  the  upper  margin 
of  the  petals.  It  is  a  very  handsome  species,  free-flow- 
ering and  of  easy  culture. 

A.  Cypripedium  barbatum  nigrum. 

A  showy  variety  producing  very  large  flowers  j  lip  dark 
purple. 

A.  Cypripedium  barbatum  superbum. 

A  variety  with  brighter-colored  flowers  and  more  white 
in  the  sepal. 

There  are  many  other  varieties,  all  good,  among  which 
we  may  mention  giganteum,  Crossii,  majus,  multiflorum, 
and  pictum,  which  only  differ  in  size  of  plant  and  color 
of  flower. 


DESCRIPTIVE  LIST. 


229 


A.  Cypripedium  biflorum.     Mt.  Ophir. 

This  is  one  of  the  barbatum  group,  and  is  by  some  con- 
sidered only  a  variety  of  that  species.  The  flowers  are 
produced  two  on  a  stem,  are  very  bright  in  color,  and  last 
long  in  perfection.  We  have  a  plant  that  for  two  years 
has  never  been  out  of  bloom. 

B.  Cypripedium  Bullenianum.     Borneo. 

A  small-growing  species  with  very  bright  spotted 
foliage,  which  indeed  is  its  chief  merit,  for  the  flowers 
are  dull-colored. 

Cypripedium  Chantinii. 

A  seedling  from  C.  insigne.  Free  growing ;  flower  re- 
sembling its  parent,  but  with  more  white  and  brighter. 
A  rare  plant. 

A.  Cypripedium  caridnum.     Peru .     .     B.  M.,  5466. 

Fl.  des  Ser.,  1648. 

This  plant,  which  is  also  called  Cypripedium  Pearcii, 
is  very  distinct  from  all  others  ;  the  root-stocks  are  creep- 
ing, the  foliage  long  and  grassy.  The  flowers  are  green, 
purple,  and  white,  in  two  to  five-flowered  spikes,  and 
though  small  are  very  pretty. 

This  species  is  very  easily  grown  in  a  cool  house,  and 
is  very  desirable. 

A.  Cypripedium  caudatum.     Lima.     Fl.  des  Ser.,  566. 

War.  Orch.,  2,  i. 
Pax.  Fl.  G.,  9. 
Pes.,  24,  as  Selenipe- 
dium. 


23O  ORCHIDS. 

Foliage  light  green ;  flowers  pale  yellow  and  green, 
produced  several  together  on  a  spike  ;  the  petals  are 
prolonged  into  two  tails,  which  hang  from  each  flower, 
about  twenty  inches  long.  Blooms  in  March,  April,  and 
May. 

This  is  one  of  the  most  extraordinary  of  Orchids. 
When  the  flowers  expand,  the  petals  are  only  about  an 
inch  long,  but  in  a  few  days  they  extend  to  two  feet  in 
length,  so  that  they  trail  on  the  ground,  unless  the  plant 
is  placed  on  a  stand.  The  sepals  and  petals  are  yellow- 
ish brown ;  the  lip  reddish  brown. 

Care  must  be  taken  not  to  over-water  this  plant,  as  it 
makes  but  few  roots  ;  it  does  not  require  much  heat.  It 
blooms  from  the  last  year's  growth  in  early  spring. 

Called  also  Selenipedium  caudatum. 

Cypripedium  caudatum  roseum. 
A  variety  with  brighter  flowers,  and  more  desirable. 

Cypripedium  concolor.     Moulmein      .     B.  M.,  5513. 

I.  H,  429- 
Bat.  2d  Cen.,  153. 

A  dwarf  species,  found  growing  on  limestone  rocks, 
and  of  somewhat  difficult  culture  j  foliage  green  and 
white  on  upper  surface,  reddish  purple  below ;  flowers 
in  pairs,  light  yellow,  speckled  with  crimson,  on  short 
hairy  stems.  Grow  in  the  warmest  house,  with  plenty  of 
moisture,  and  add  bits  of  chalk  to  the  soil. 

Cypripedium  cruciforme.     SYN.  of  C.  Lowii. 

A.  Cypripedium  Dayanum.     Borneo.      Fl.  des  Ser.,  1527. 
A  very  beautiful,  strong-growing  species  of  the  barba- 
tum  growth,  with  elegant  mottled  foliage. 


DESCRIPTIVE  LIST.  231 

Flowers  large  ;  sepals  white  and  green ;  lip  purplish 
green. 

Flowers  in  spring,  and  lasts  long  in  perfection. 

A.   Cypripedium  Dominianum.     Hybrid  .     .     F.  M.,  499. 

A  cross  between  Cypripedium  caridnum  and  C.  cauda- 
tum.  Spike  three-flowered ;  petals  yellowish  green,  very 
long  ;  lip  purple,  green,  and  yellow. 

The  flower  has  the  colors  of  C.  caudatum,  the  shape  of 
C.  caricinum,  and  seems  intermediate  between  the  two. 

A.  Cypripedium  Fairrieanum.  Assam.    Fl.  des  Ser.,  1244. 

Reich.  Xen.,  133. 

B.  M.,  5024. 

Bat.  2d  Cen.,  140. 

A  beautifully  marked  species.  Flowers  pale  yellow, 
lined  with  purple  and  green ;  hood  large,  white,  veined 
with  green  and  purple.  Blooms  in  autumn. 

B.  Cypripedium  guttatum.     Europe  and  North  America. 

Fl.  des  Ser.,  573. 

Flowers  small,  violet  carmine,  spotted  with  white ;  a 
cold  frame  species. 

Cypripedium  grandiflorum.     SYN.  of  C.  superbiens. 

A.   Cypripedium  Harrisianum.     Hybrid.     .     F.  M.,  431. 

A  fine  cross  between  Cypripedium  villosum  and  C.  bar- 
batum,  combining  all  the  good  qualities  of  both  species. 

Flowers  large,  shining,  dark  purple,  brown,  green,  and 
yellow  ;  foliage  long,  mottled.  This  is  a  very  free-grow- 
ing plant,  and  will  make  a  superb  specimen.  It  blooms 
freely  in  November.  We  consider  it  one  of  the  best  of 
the  family. 


232  ORCHIDS. 

A.  Cypripedium  hirsutissimum.    Java.    Fl.  des  Ser.,  1430. 

Bat.  2d  Cen.,  149. 
B.  M.,  4990. 
War.  Orch.,  15. 

Flowers  large,  very  hairy ;  lip  light  green,  with  brown- 
ish shad  ings  ;  hood  greenish,  with  dark  purple  ;  petals 
violet,  with  black  dots. 

A  very  desirable  species.  Blooms  in  spring,  some- 
times producing  two-flowered  spikes. 

B.  Cypripedium  Hookercs.     Borneo    .     B.  M.,  5362. 

Fl.  des  Ser.,  1565. 
Bat.  2d  Cen.,  123. 

Perianth  purplish,  marked  with  green,  and  spotted  with 
black ;  lip  greenish  and  yellowish  purple ;  hood  cream- 
color  and  green  ;  foliage  variegated  and  very  beautiful. 

A.  Cypripedium  insigne.     Sylhet   .     .     Hook.  Ex.,  34. 

Fl.  des  Ser.,  1564. 
B.  M.,  3412. 
Lodd.  Cab.,  1321. 

Perianth  pale  green ;  sepals  large,  white,  marked  with 
brownish  purple  ;  lip  brownish  yellow ;  flowers  solitary, 
nearly  three  inches  in  diameter;  foliage  long,  light 
green. 

This  old  species  is  one  of  the  most  useful  of  plants 
for  house  decoration  or  for  cut  flowers.  It  is  of  free 
growth,  and  soon  forms  a  large  plant.  The  flowers  last 
six  weeks  in  beauty.  We  have  specimens  bearing  forty 
to  sixty  flowers. 


DESCRIPTIVE  LIST.  233 

Cypripedium  insigne  Mauki F.  M.,  57. 

A  variety  with  the  dorsal  sepal  at  least  half  white, 
making  the  flower  much  brighter. 

There  is  also  a  variety  bearing  two  flowers  on  the 
scape. 

A.  Cypripedium  Irapeanum.  Mexico.   B.  R.,  32,  58. 

Fl.  des  Ser.,  3,  186. 

M.  O.  P.,  4. 

Petals  and  sepals  almost  the  same  size,  of  a  brilliant 
yellow,  hairy  •  lip  of  the  same  color,  spotted  with  scarlet. 

C.  Cypripedium  Javanicum.     Java     .     Fl.  des  Ser.,  703. 
Flowers  green  ;  tips  of  the   petals   rosy  and  marked 
with  purple  ;  lip  green,  marked  at  the  base  with  purple. 

A.  Cypripedium  Icevigatum.     Philippines. 

Fl.  des  Ser.,  1760. 
F.  M.,  298. 
B.  M.,  5508. 
Bat.  2d  Cen.,  101. 

Leaves  glossy;  petals  chocolate,  purple,  and  green, 
narrow,  twisted,  five  inches  long ;  lip  yellow,  small ; 
dorsal  sepal  striped  with  purple  j  scape  two  to  four- 
flowered.  This  species  requires  strong  stove  heat.  It  is 
a  very  stately  plant. 

B.  Cypripedium  longifolium.     Costa  Rica  .     B.  M.,  5970. 

SYN.  Cypripedium  Reichenbachianum. 

This  is  not  a  showy  species,  but  is  desirable  as  never 
being  out  of  flower.  The  flowers  are  greenish  white  and 
brown,  many  on  a  spike ;  foliage  long,  dark  green. 


234  ORCHIDS,. 

A.  Cypripedium  Lowii.     Borneo     .     .     Fl.  des  Ser.,  375. 

Card.  Mag.,  297. 

Sepals  pale  yellow,  marked  with  green  at  the  tips,  and 
violet  at  the  base ;  petals  several  inches  long,  pale  yel- 
low, regularly  spotted  with  violet  or  wholly  violet ;  lip 
rich  violet-shining  purple,  edged  with  greenish  yellow. 
Flowers  on  a  spike  of  two  to  five.  A  very  fine  species, 
blooming  in  summer.  In  its  native  habitat  this  species 
grows  on  the  tops  of  high  trees. 

A.  Cypripedium  niveum.     Siam ....     Jen.  Orch.,  28. 

F.  M.,  543. 

I.  H,  3,  83. 

B.  M.,  5922. 

A  very  dwarf  plant ;  foliage  dark  green,  with  minute 
white  spots,  purplish-red  below;  flowers  porcelain  white, 
spotted  with  violet-purple. 

A.  Cypripedium  pardinum.    East  Indies    .     F.  M.,  2,  51. 
A  rare   species ;  foliage   mottled  with   green,  purple 
below ;  flowers  medium  size,  yellowish  green  and  black, 
hairy  on  the  edge  ;  lip  greenish  yellow. 

A.  Cypripedium  Parishii.     Moulmein    .     .     B.  M.,  5791. 
A  species  of  stately  growth,  with  broad  coriaceous,  dull 

green  foliage  ;  flowers  greenish  white  and  purple,  not 
showy,  but  very  enduring.  A  strong  plant  of  this  species 
will  seldom  be  out  of  bloom. 

Cypripedium  Pearceii.     See  Cypripedium  caricinum. 

B.  Cypripedium  purpuratum.     Java    .     B.  M.,  4901 

B.  R.,  1991. 

Fl.  des  Ser.,  1158. 


DESCRIPTIVE  LIST.  235 

Foliage  beautifully  spotted.  The  flowers  resemble 
Cyripedium  barbatum,  except  the  upper  petal  is  whiter. 
It  is  a  dwarf-growing,  pretty  species. 

Cypripedium  Reichenbachianum.    See  Cypripedium  longi- 
folium. 

A.  Cypripedium  Roezlii.    South  America  .     I.  H.,  3,  138. 

F.  M.,  2,  119. 

This  rare  species  is  one  of  the  best  of  the  genus ; 
foliage  long,  arching,  bright  green  j  scape  many-flowered, 
the  blossoms  being  produced  in  succession,  but  only  one 
at  a  time.  Flowers  greenish-brown  and  purple,  medium 
size,  not  very  showy.  This  plant  is  a  perpetual  bloomer. 

Cypripedium  Schlimii.     New  Granada.    Pes.,  34. 

Fl.  des  Ser.,  1917. 

I.  H,  3,  183. 

B.  M.,  5614. 

Bat.  2d  Cen.,  200. 

A  beautiful  little  plant,  bearing  branching  spikes  of 
delicate  flowers.  Sepals  and  petals  white,  inner  surface 
marked  with  rosy  purple  ;  lip  white  and  crimson. 

There  are  several  varieties  of  this  pretty  plant.  It  is 
not  an  easy  plant  to  import  or  to  grow,  and  we  have  never 
seen  it  in  good  condition.  It  requires  moderate  heat  and 
plenty  of  water. 

Cypripedium  Sedeni.     Hybrid      ....     Jen.  Orch.,  4. 

A  cross  between  Cypripedium  longifolium  and  Cypripe^ 
dium  Schlimii.  Flowers  white  and  pink ;  very  beautiful. 
As  yet  a  very  rare  plant. 


236  ORCHIDS. 

A.  Cypripedium  spectabile.     North  America. 

M.  O.  P,  3. 
Lodd.  Cab.,  697. 
B.  R.,  1666. 
Fl.  des  Ser.,  430. 

Perianth  rosy  white  ;  lip  beautiful  deep  rose,  with  white 
markings.  This  is  our  finest  native  species,  and  when  well 
grown  is  very  beautiful.  We  grow  it  out  of  doors  in  a 
Rhododendron  bed  where  it  has  formed  a  tuft  which  pro- 
duces stalks  nearly  three  feet  high,  with  three  or  four 
flowers  on  a  spike.  If  grown  in  a  pot  it  should  be  win- 
tered in  a  cold  frame,  and  brought  into  gradual  heat  in 
spring. 

A.  Cypripedium  Stonei.     Borneo    .     .     I.  H.,  355. 

B.  M.,  5349. 
Jen.  Orch.,  12. 
Fl.  des  Ser.,  1792. 
Bat.  2d  Cen.,  141. 

Petals  light  brown,  spotted  with  chocolate  ;  very  long; 
lip  whitish,  with  red  lines,  marbled  with  light  purple  ; 
hood  white  ;  scape  two  or  three-flowered.  A  magnificent 
species. 

A.  Cypripedium  superbiens.     Assam    .     War.  Orch.,  2,  12. 
SYN.    Cypripedium  Veitchianum.       I.  H.,  429. 

Fl.  des  Ser.,  1966. 

A  free-growing  species  with  beautifully  variegated  fo- 
liage j  lip  beautifully  shaded  with  purple ;  sepals  and 
petals  white,  with  stripes  of  green  and  spots  of  purple. 
A  very  beautiful  plant. 


DESCRIPTIVE  LIST.  237 

A.  Cypripedium  vexillarium.     Hybrid. 

A  cross  between  Cypripedium  barbatum  and  C.  Farriea- 
num.  Sepals  white,  mottled  with  purple,  greenish  at 
base  ;  petals  purple  ;  lip  light  brown,  streaked  with  green. 
A  rare  and  beautiful  plant. 

A.  Cypripedium  venustum.     Nepaul  .     Sert.  Bot.,  7. 

Hook.  Ex.,  35. 

B.  M.,  2129. 

B.  R.,  788. 

War.  Orch.,  2,  24. 

An  old  inhabitant  of  our  greenhouses,  but  none  the 
less  to  be  valued.  Foliage  rich,  shaded  green,  purple 
underneath  ;  flower  greenish  white  ;  lip  yellowish  green  ; 
petals  fringed ;  very  free-flowering,  of  easy  culture,  and 
soon  makes  a  large  specimen.  Blooms  all  winter.  There 
are  varieties  which  differ  slightly  in  color. 

A.  Cypripedium  villosum.    Moulmein.  Fl.  des  Ser.,  1475. 

Pes.,  48. 

War.  Orch.,  2,  30. 
I.  H.,  126. 

One  of  the  best  of  the  genus.  Foliage  long,  light 
green  ;  flowers  very  large,  glossy  amber-brown,  with  pur- 
ple lines  ;  lasting  six  weeks  in  beauty.  Blooms  from 
January  to  May.  This  makes  a  beautiful  specimen. 

All  the  Cypripediums  are  worth  growing,  and  a  selec- 
tion is  indispensable  in  every  collection  of  Orchids. 

The  following  are  species  :  — 

Cypripedium  arietinum.     B.  M.,  1569  ;  Lodd.  Cab.,  1240  ;  M, 
O.  P.,  6. 


238  ORCHIDS. 

C.  cakeolus.     Schwartz.     Lodd.  Cab.,   363  ;    M.  B.,  247 ;  FL 

des  Ser.,  1563. 

C.  candidum.     Willd.     Fl.  des  Ser.,  962. 
C.  japonicum.     Thunberg.     F.  M.,  2,  171. 
C.  macranthum.     Schwartz.     B.   R.,  1534 ;   B.  M.,  2938  ;   I. 

H,  147- 

C.  monteanum.     Douglas. 
C.  parviflomm.     B.  M.,  911  ;  Lodd.  Cab.,  414  ;  B.  M.,  3024  ; 

M.  O.  P.,  I. 

C.  passerinum.     Richardson. 

C.  pubescent.     Lodd.  Cab.,  895  ;  M.  O.  P.,  2  ;  I.  H.,  64. 
C.  ventricosum.     Schwartz.    M.  O.  P.,  5  ;  Sweet,  Fl.  G.,  2,  I. 

The  species  Cypripeditim  acaule,  arietimtm,  calceolus, 
pubescens,  parviftorum,  spectabile  may  be  grown  in  peat, 
earth,  and  sand,  in  the  open  air,  in  a  shady  place.  All 
the  others  are  greenhouse  or  stove  plants.  The  soil 
should  be  peat  with  a  little  silver  sand,  loam,  and  leaf 
mould ;  water  well  during  growth  ;  they  need  but  little 
rest,  and  the  evergreen  species  should  never  be  wholly 
dry.  Propagate  by  division. 

Cyrtochilum.     Kunth.     Epiphyte. 

Name  from  Kvprts,  arched,  and  x€**°*>  lip. 

B.  Cyrtochilum  bictoniense Bat.,  6. 

See  Odontoglossum. 

A.   Cyrtochilum  cornutum.     Mexico. 

Perianth  yellowish  green,  marked  with  dark  purple ; 
lip  sulphur-yellow,  with  red  edges  at  each  side  of  its  base. 

Cyrtochilum  leucochilum.     Guatemala  .     Fl.  des  Ser.,  522. 
Perianth  greenish  yellow,  marked  with  brown  and  pur- 


DESCRIPTIVE  LIST.  239 

pie  j  lip  white.     This  plant  is   often   confounded   with 
Oncidium  leucochilum,  which  it  nearly  resembles. 

B.  Cyrtochilum  maculatum.     Mexico.     Sert.  O.,  25. 

B.  R.,  24,  44. 
B.  M.,  3880,  3836. 
FL  Cab.,  57. 

Flowers  large  ;"  perianth  greenish  yellow,  marked  with 
purple  ;  lip  white,  with  rich  red  spots. 

A.  Cyrtochilum  Russellianum.     Guatemala.     B.  M.,  3880. 
A  beautiful  variety  of  Cyrtochilum  maculatum.    Flowers 

richly  marked  with  purple. 

B.  Cyrtochilum  stellatum.     Rio  Janeiro   .     .     Sert.  O.,  7. 
Perianth  creamy  white ;  lip  of  the  same  color,  striped 

and  spotted  with  rich  purple. 

There  is  a  variety  from  Bahia  with  pure  white  perianth, 
and  of  a  delicious  fragrance. 

Cyrtochilum  flavescens B.  R.,  19,  1627. 

Seems  to  be  a  variety  of  stellatum,  of  a  pale  yellow 
color.  The  two  last  species  have  been  classed  by  Dr. 
Lindley  with  Miltonia. 

These  plants  should  be  grown  in  pots,  in  coarse  peat, 
sphagnum,  and  potsherds,  with  good  drainage. 

Cyrtopera.     Lindley.     Terrestrial. 

Name  from  KvprAs,  arched,  and  ir-fipa,  a  sack. 
A.  Cyrtopera  flav a.     India. 

A  pretty  plant,  resembling  a  Bletia  in  growth.  Flower 
rich  yellow,  with  paler  lip. 


240  ORCHIDS. 

B.  Cyrtopera  sanguined.     Sikkim  .     .     .     .     B.  M.,  6161. 
Flowers  red,  purple,  and  brown,  with  rosy  lip.    A  showy 
plant.  ' 

These  plants  should  be  grown  in  pots,  in  the  East 
Indian  house,  with  plenty  of  water  when  in  growth. 
They  require  the  general  treatment  of  Bletias. 

Cyrtopodium.     Brown.     Epiphyte. 

From  Kvprts,  arched,  and  Trotfy,  a  foot. 

B.  Cyrtopodium  Andersonii.  St.  Vincent.  Lodd.  Cab.,  121. 
SYN.  Cymbidium  Andersonii.  B.  M.,  1800. 

B.  R,  27,  8. 

The  flower  stalks  grow  three  feet  high,  branched,  and 
are  covered  with  fragrant  yellow  flowers  j  perianth  green- 
ish yellow  ;  lip  golden  yellow. 

B.  Cyrtopodium  cupreum.     Brazil. 

Flowers  copper-color,  with  yellow  bracts,  marked  with 
red. 

B.  Cyrtopodium punctatum.     Rio  Janeiro.     Sert.  O.,  12. 
SYNS.  Epidendrum  punctatum.  B.  M.,  3507. 

Cyrtopodium  speciosum. 

Sepals  yellowish  green,  closely  marked  with  red  and 
purple  j  petals  yellow ;  lip  edged  with  rich  purple  ;  bracts 
large,  of  the  same  color  and  marking  as  the  sepals. 

B.  Cyrtopodium  Willmorei.     Venezuela .     .     Fl.  Cab.,  4. 
Flower  stalk  like  Cyrtopodium  Andersonii,  with  many 
flowers  nearly  two  inches  long ;  perianth  greenish  yellow, 
marked  with  brown  ;  lip  yellow,  bordered  with  red. 


DESCRIPTIVE  LIST.  241 

B.  Cyrtopodium  Woodfordii.     Trinidad      .     B.  M.,  1814. 

B.  R.,  1508. 

Flowers  green  ;  lip  purple.  This  species  is  not  easy  to 
bloom,  and  should  be  kept  shaded. 

These  plants  should  be  grown  in  pots  in  a  compost  of 
rich  peat,  moss,  charcoal,  and  potsherds,  with  good  drain- 
age. Just  before  they  begin  their  growth  they  should  be 
potted  and  placed  in  the  cooler  end  of  the  hot-house,  and 
gently  watered ;  the  supply  of  water  and  heat  should  be 
increased  as  the  foliage  grows.  The  plants  should  be 
entirely  dry  during  the  season  of  rest.  The  flower  spikes 
come  up  with  the  young  growth  in  spring. 

D. 

Dendrocoryne. 
SYN.  of  Dendrobium  densiflorum. 

Dendrobium.     Schwartz.     Epiphyte. 

Name  from  8ev$pov,  a  tree,  and  fiios,  life. 

C.  Dendrobium  aduncum.     East  Indies     .     B.  R.,  32,  15. 
Flowers,  produced  in  little  racemes  from  the  nodes  of 

the  stems,  transparent  white ;  column  with  rays  of  red- 
dish purple.     Grow  in  a  pot  in  peat. 

There  is  a  variety,  Dendrobium  aduncum  roseum,  with 
brighter  flowers. 

B.  Dendrobium  aggregatum.     East  Indies. 

SYN.  Dendrobium  Lindleyi.  B.  M.,  3643. 

B.  R.,  1695. 
Pax.  Mag.,  6,  145. 
16 


242  ORCHIDS. 

Flowers  pale  yellow,  in  short  spikes,  in  March  and 
April.  Grow  in  a  pot,  or  on  a  block,  with  peat.  The 
variety  Dendrobium  aggregatum  majus  is  a  larger  plant, 
with  larger  flowers,  and  is  more  generally  grown. 

Dendrobium  Ainsworthii.     Garden  hybrid.     F.  M.,  2,  196. 

A  cross  between  Dendrobium  heterocarpum  and  D. 
nobile,  and  a  very  beautiful  plant.  Pseudo-bulbs  stouter 
than  D.  nobile.  Flowers  produced  in  pairs,  as  in  that 
variety,  very  large ;  sepals  and  petals  white  ;  lip  white, 
with  large  violet-purple  blotch. 

A.  Dendrobium  albosanguineum.  India.  Pax.  Fl.  G.,  57. 

Fl.  des  Ser.,  721. 
Bat.  2dCen.,  173. 
Lem.  Jard.,  203. 
B.  M.,  5130. 

Flowers  very  large,  creamy  white,  with  a  rich  crimson 
blotch  on  the  centre  of  the  lip,  produced  from  the  top 
nodes  of  the  pseudo-bulbs.  Blooms  in  May.  Grow  in  a 
pot  with  moss,  or  in  a  basket,  with  plenty  of  light  and 
heat.  This  is  a  magnificent  and  very  distinct  species. 
Our  plants  are  grown  in  baskets,  suspended  near  the  apex 
of  the  roof,  and  thrive  wonderfully,  and  are  yearly  a  mass 
of  bloom. 

B.  Dendrobium  amtznum.     Nepaul.     Wallich. 

SYN.     Dendrobium   aphyllum    (Rox-     B.  M.,  6199. 
burg).  Fl.  Cab.,  117. 

Flowers  white,  with  a  small  violet  spot  at  the  top  of  the 
segments  ;  lip  yellow-green  at  the  base  inside. 


DESCRIPTIVE  LIST.  243 

B.  Dendrobium  amboinense.   Amboyna.  B.  M.,  4937. 

Fl.  des  Ser.,  1211. 
Bat.  2d  Cen.,  179. 

Flowers  produced  from  the  naked  stem ;  petals  very 
long,  white  ;  lip  egg-yellow,  with  reddish  centre. 

Dendrobium  amethystiglossa.     Philippines  .     B.  M.,  5968. 
A  remarkable  tall-growing  species,  producing  from  the 
old  stems  dense  pendulous  racemes  of  ivory-white  flowers, 
with  amethyst-purple  lip.     Rare  and  handsome. 

A.  Dendrobium  anosmum.     Philippine  Islands. 

Pax.  Mag.,  15,  97. 

Flowers  delicate  lilac ;  lip  deep  purplish  crimson, 
edged  with  pure  white.  This  species  should  be  grown 
in  a  hanging  basket,  or  on  a  block  of  wood,  with  moss, 
and  requires  plenty  of  heat  and  moisture  in  the  growing 
season. 

It  resembles  Dendrobium  superbum  in  growth,  but  is 
smaller,  more  floriferous,  and  the  blossoms  have  no 
rhubarb  scent. 

Sometimes  called  Dendrobium  anosmum  Dayanum,  in 
which  (by  some  called  a  species),  and  also  in  D.  macro- 
phyllum  Dayanum,  we  can  see  no  difference. 

Dendrobium  Aphrodite.     SYN.  of  Dendrobium  nodatum. 
Dendrobium  aureum.     SYN.  of  Dendrobium  heterocarpum. 

Dendrobium  barbatulum.     Bombay. 

Flowers  in  long  pendulous  racemes,  pure  white,  with 
green  spur.  Grow  on  a  block. 


244  ORCHIDS. 

The  plant  generally  grown  under  this  name  is  Dendro- 
bium  Fytcheanum,  a  native  of  Moulmein,  and  a  hand- 
some plant.  In  the  true  barbatulum  the  sepals  are  not 
circular,  the  racemes  are  long  and  pendulous,  and  the 
base  of  the  stems  is  swollen.  The  figure  in  B.  M.,  5918, 
is  the  true  species,  that  of  B.  M.,  5444,  and  Bat.  2d  Cen., 
102,  is  D.  Fytcheanum. 

A.  Dendrobium  Bensonia.     Moulmein    .     B.  M.,  5679. 

F.  M.,  355. 

Jen.  Orch.,  32. 

A  lovely  species  with  white  flowers  ;  lip  with  orange 
disk,  and  two  black  spots  at  the  base.  A  free-growing 
and  very  handsome  plant.  Grow  in  pot. 

Dendrobium  bicolor.     SYN.  of  Dendrobium  Palpebra. 

A.  Dendrobium  bigibbum.  Tropical  northeast  coast  of 
Australia Fl.  des  Ser.,  1143. 

War.  Orch.,  28. 

B.  M.,  4898. 

Bat.  2d  Cen.,  169. 

A  rare  and  beautiful  species,  with  long  slender  stems, 
producing  the  flowers  in  erect  racemes  of  five  or  more 
from  the  ends  of  the  old  stems.  Blossoms  rich  rosy  pur- 
ple, in  autumn.  Grow  in  the  sun,  with  plenty  of  warmth 
and  moisture,  and  never  allow  the  stems  to  shrivel. 

Dendrobium  Boxalli.     Martaban     .     .     F.  M.,  2,  114. 

Jen.  Orch.,  19. 

Habit  semi-pendulous ;  flowers  in  clusters  of  three  from 
the  swollen  joints  of  the  old  stems ;  sepals  and  petals 
white,  tipped  with  purplish  violet ;  lip  with  fine  orange 
disk.  A  rare  plant. 


DESCRIPTIVE  LIST.  245 

B.  Dendrobium  Bullerianum.  Moulmein  .  B.  M.,  5652. 
A  pretty  plant,  with  white  flowers,  tinged  with  rose  ; 
lip  with  a  large  yellow  spot.  It  may  be  described  as 
having  flowers  of  Dendrobium  Devonianum  (but  not  so 
bright),  with  habit  of  D.  crepidatum. 

A.  .Dendrobium  Calceolaria,  or  calceolus,  but  not  of  Rox- 
burg.     India  (in  many  localities). 

Pax.  Mag.,  2,  241,  as  moschatum. 
Hook.  Ex.,  184. 
B.  M.,  3837. 

An  old  inhabitant  of  our  Orchid  houses ;  stems  three 
to  five  feet  high,  clothed  with  evergreen  leaves ;  flowers 
in  racemes  of  five  to  twelve,  from  near  top  of  old  stems, 
which  continue  to  bloom  for  years.  Sepals  and  petals 
bright  yellow;  lip  a  little  darker;  delightfully  fragrant. 
Blooms  in  June,  but  only  lasts  three  days.  Pot-culture 
in  moss  and  peat. 

There  are  several  varieties,  some  more  deeply  marked 
than  others. 

A.  Dendrobium  Cambridgianum.     Northern  India. 

Pax.  Mag.,  6,  265. 
B.  M.,  4450. 

A  deciduous  species  ;  flowers  produced  on  the  young 
growth  in  March  and  April.  Sepals  and  petals  bright 
orange  ;  lip  with  deep  velvety  crimson  blotch,  hairy. 

Grow  in  a  basket,  with  moss.  When  out  of  bloom,  as 
ugly  a  plant  as  one  can  find  ;  when  in  bloom  it  would 
be  difficult  to  find  a  handsomer. 

B.  Dendrobium  capillipes.     Moulmein. 

A  very  dwarf-growing  species,  producing  bright  golden 
yellow  flowers.  Should  be  grown  on  a  block. 


246  ORCHIDS. 

Dendrobium  chlorops.  SYN.  of  Dendrobium  barbatulum. 
A.  Dendrobium  chrysanthum.  Nepaul  .  .  B.  R.,  1299. 
Perianth  yellow;  lip  of  the  same  color,  with  two 
brownish  red  spots,  the  edges  delicately  fringed.  Blooms 
at  different  seasons,  along  the  stem  at  the  same  time  it 
is  making  its  growth.  A  very  beautiful  plant,  which  is 
seldom  out  of  bloom  during  the  summer.  Should  be 
grown  in  a  basket,  to  display  the  pendulous  shoots  to 
best  advantage. 

Dendrobium  chrysotis.    SYN.  of  Dendrobium  Hookerianum. 

Dendrobium  chrysocrepis.     Moulmein      .     .     B.  M.,  6007. 
A  singular  plant,  with  bulging  pseudo-bulbs,  producing 
single  yellow  flowers,  with  rich  orange  lip,  from  nodes  of 
old  bulbs. 

A.  Dendrobium  chrysotoxum.     Moulmein. 

Bat.  2d  Cen.,  124. 
B.  M.,  5053. 

B.  R,  33,  36. 
I.  H.,  164. 

Flowers  pale  yellow,  produced  on  a  spike  from  the  top 
of  the  bulb  during  the  winter. 

Grow  in  a  pot,  with  peat,  or  on  a  block,  in  full  sun- 
light. It  is  a  handsome,  free-growing  plant,  and  soon 
makes  a  specimen.  We  find  it  thrives  better  on  a  block 
than  any  other  Dendrobium. 

Dendrobium  chrysotoxum  superbum. 
Is  a  larger  growing  and  better  variety. 


DESCRIPTIVE  LIST.  247 

Dendrobium  davatum.     India. 

Flowers  from  the  summit  of  the  long  pseudo-bulbs  in 
spikes  of  five  ;  bright  yellow,  with  a  double  rich  crimson 
blotch,  very  large.  A  free  grower,  blooming  in  May. 
Pot  culture. 

B.  Dendrobium  ccerulescens.  East  Indies.  Sert.  O.,  tab.  18. 
Perianth  yellowish  white,  bordering  on  rose ;  points  of 

the  segments  violet ;  lip  has  a  dark  purple-violet  spot  on 
a  yellowish  ground,  edged  with  a  light  lilac  border. 

This  species  should  not  be  confounded  with  Dendro 
bium  nobile. 

A.  Dendrobium  crassinode.  Burmah  .  .  B.  M.,  5766. 
A  remarkable  species,  with  very  handsome  flowers ; 
stems  ten  to  twenty  inches  long,  having  large  swollen 
joints  or  internodes.  Flowers  from  the  upper  nodes, 
very  large,  in  clusters,  pure  waxy  white,  tipped  with  pur- 
ple ;  lip  with  rich  yellow  centre. 

A.  Dendrobium  crepidatum.     India   .     B.  M.,  4933,  5011, 

variety. 
B.  M.,  4933. 
Bat.  2d  Cen.,  129. 

Somewhat  allied  to  Dendrobium  cretaceum,  but  with 
larger  and  more  highly  colored  flowers.  Perianth  white, 
tinged  with  pink ;  lip  orange-yellow,  tipped  with  pink. 
With  us  it  succeeds  best  grown  in  a  basket  suspended  in 
the  apex  of  the  roof,  with  plenty  of  light  and  heat. 

C.  Dendrobium  cretaceum.     Khasia     .     Fl.  des  Ser.,  818. 

B.  R.,  1847,  62. 
B.  M.,  4686. 
Lem.  Jard.,  344. 


248  ORCHIDS. 

Flowers  white ;  lip  marked  with  crimson,  in  June  and 
July.  Grow  in  a  pot  or  basket,  with  peat  or  moss. 

B.  Dendrobium  crumenatum.    Ceylon    .     B.  M.,  4013. 
SYNS.  Angracum  crumenatum  B.  R.,  1839,  22» 

(Rumphius). 

Onychium  crumenatum  (Blume). 
Flowers  white,  tipped  with  rose  ;  lip  yellow,  fragrant. 

A.  Dendrobium  crystallinum.     Burmah. 

A  pretty  plant,  with  fragrant  flowers,  stems  thick  and 
strong ;  flowers  white,  tipped  with  purple,  with  orange 
lip.  Blooms  in  summer. 

Dendrobium  cumulatum.   Moulmein  .     .     .     B.  M.,  5703. 
Stems  one  to  two  feet  long.     Flowers  in  close  clusters, 
from  nodes  of  old  stems,  rosy  pink,  with  white  lip.     A 
rare  plant. 

Dendrobuim  cucullatum.    See  D.  Pierardii.     Sert.  Bot.,  7. 

B.  M.,  2242. 
B.  R.,  748. 

A.  Dendrobium  Dalhousianum.   East  Indies. 

Pax.  Mag.,  ii,  145. 

B.  R.,  1846,  10. 

Fl.  des  Ser.,  698. 

War.  Orch.,  22. 

Flowers  lemon-color,  edged  and  veined  with  rose ;  lip 
marked  with  purple  and  with  two  spots  of  dark  rich  vio- 
let-purple, fringed.  A  beautiful  and  desirable  species. 
Blooms  from  the  old  growth  very  freely  in  April  and 
May.  Grow  in  pot,  with  moss. 


DESCRIPTIVE  LIST.  249 

Dendrobium  Dayanum.     See  Dendrobium  anosmum. 

A.  Dendrobium  densiflorum.     East  Indies. 

B.  M.,  3418,  5780. 

Pax'.  Mag.,  5,  121. 

I.  H.,  101. 

B.  R.,  182,  8. 

Flowers  rich  yellow,  produced  from  the  side  of  the 
bulb  near  the  top,  in  dense  bunches.  Blooms  in  March, 
April,  and  May.  Grow  in  pot,  with  peat.  A  very  fine 
species. 

Dendrobium  densiflorum  album.    East  Indies.    F.  M.,  102. 
A  magnificent  variety;  flowers  pink  and  white,  with 
yellow  lip.     Called  also  Dendrobium  Schroderi. 

A.  Dendrobium  Devonianum.     Khasya  Hills. 

I.  H.,  145. 

Pax.  Mag.,  7,  169. 

B.  M.,  4429. 

Fl.  des  Ser.,  647. 

War.  Orch.,  2,  n. 

Lem.  Jard.,  n. 

This  species  blooms  along  the  stem,  which  is  often  sev- 
eral feet  long.  The  flowers  measure  two  inches  across ; 
the  ground  color  is  white,  the  sepals  tipped  with  violet- 
rose  ;  petals  larger  than  the  sepals,  pink,  with  vivid  violet 
spot  at  their  base ;  lip  white,  with  two  bright  yellow  spots 
at  the  base,  and  a  rich  violet  spot  at  the  tip,  beautifully 
fringed.  Blooms  in  May  and  June.  Grow  in  a  basket, 
in  moss.  Should  have  plenty  of  water,  and  be  freely 
syringed,  as  it  is  very  liable  to  be  attacked  by  red  spider. 


ORCHIDS. 


A.  Dendrobium  dixanthum.   Moulmein.   B.  M.,  5564. 

Bat.  2d  Cen.,  197. 

A  very  pretty  species,  of  upright,  slender  growth,  pro- 
ducing freely  all  summer  its  showy  yellow  flowers.  Grow 
in  pot  or  basket. 

B.  Dendrobium  eburneum.    Moulmein.    B.  M.,  5459. 

Bat.  2d  Cen.,  166. 

A  pretty,  free-blooming  species,  with  ivory-white,  fra- 
grant flowers.  Pot  culture. 

A.  Dendrobium  Falconerii.     Bootan.     Bat.  2d  Cen.,  137. 

B.  M.,  4944  ;  var., 

5058. 
Fl.  des  Ser.,  1197. 

Flowers  very  large,  stem  slender  ;  sepals  pale  purple, 
tipped^  with  violet;  petals  white,  with  deep  violet  tip  ;  lip 
also  violet-tipped,  and  centre  of  deepest  violet,  surrounded 
by  a  deep  orange  band  shading  to  straw-color.  Should 
have  plenty  of  water.  We  grow  this  plant  in  a  basket 
suspended  over  a  lily-tank,  and  syringe  it  twice  a  day. 

B.  Dendrobium  Farmerii.     East  Indies. 

Fl.  des  Ser.,  741.         Bat.  2d  Cen.,  132. 
B.  M.,  4659.  Pax.  Mag.,  15,  241. 

B.  M.,  5451,  var.         Jen.  Orch.,  24. 
Pes.,  4.  Lem.  Jard.,  307. 

Flowers  rosy  white  ;  lip  yellow,  with  greenish-white 
edge.  This  species  grows  and  flowers  like  Dendrobium 
densiflorum,  and  requires  the  same  treatment. 

The  varieties  Dendrobium  Farmerii  album,  aureo-fla,' 
vum,  and  roseum  only  differ  in  intensity  of  color. 


DESCRIPTIVE  LIST.  2$  I 

B.  Dendrobium  fimbriattim.     Nepaul.     Pax.  Mag.,  2,  172. 

Pax.  Fl.  G.,  84. 

I.  H,  151. 

Hook.  Ex.,  71. 

Flowers  deep  golden  yellow,  fringed.  Blooms  in  the 
spring.  Flowers  are  produced  from  the  old  bulbs  for 
years.  Grow  in  a  pot,  with  moss.  The  flowers  last  only 
a  few  days. 

A.  Dendrobium  fimbriatum  oculatum.     Nepaul. 

B.  M.,  4160. 

War.  Orch.,  2,  19. 

Flowers  like  the  last,  but  larger,  with  deep  purple  cres- 
cent in  centre  of  the  lip.  Sometimes  mistaken  and  sold 
for  Dendrobium  Paxtoni,  a  very  different  plant. 

A.  Dendrobium  formosum.     East  Indies. 

Fl.  des  Sen,  226. 
B.  R.,  1839,  64. 
Pax.  Mag.,  6,  49. 

Flowers  large,  white,  the  lip  marked  by  a  bright  orange- 
yellow  band ;  produced  from  top  of  the  stem  ;  very  fra- 
grant, lasting  six  weeks  in  perfection.  Grow  in  moss  or 
peat,  in  a  pot. 

A.  Dendrobium  formosum  giganteum.   Moulmein. 

Fl.  des  Ser.,  1633. 

If  anything  can  be  handsomer  than  the  species,  it  is 
this  variety,  which  differs  only  in  being  of  larger  growth 
and  having  flowers  five  inches  in  diameter. 


252  ORCHIDS. 

D.  Dendrobium  Fytcheanum.     Moulmein. 

B.  M.,  5444. 
Bat.  2d  Cen.,  102, 
both  as  barbatulum. 

A  slender-growing  species,  producing  delicate  clusters 
of  flowers,  which  are  dazzling  white,  with  faint  tinge  of 
crimson  at  base  of  lip.  Should  be  grown  on  a  block, 
with  moss.  See  Dendrobium  barbatulum. 

A.  Dendrobium  Gibsonii.  Khasya  .  Pax.  Mag.,  5,  169. 
A  species  flowering  on  the  ends  of  the  old  bulbs. 
Sepals  and  petals  rich  orange ;  lip  bright  yellow,  with 
two  dark  spots  on  the  upper  part.  Blooms  during  the 
autumn.  Treat  as  Dendrobium  for  mo  sum.  Distinguished 
from  Dendrobium  fimbriatum  by  the  petals  not  being 
toothletted. 

A.  Dendrobium  Griffithianum.     Burmese  Empire. 

A  species  resembling  Dendrobium  densiflornm,  "but 
double  the  size  in  all  its  parts,"  bearing  immense  droop- 
ing spikes  of  richest  golden  yellow.  A  rare  plant. 

B.  Dendrobium  heterocarpum.   Ceylon.   B.  M.,  4708. 

B.  R.,  1844,  62. 

Fl.  des  Ser.,  842. 

Bat.  2d  Cen.,  150. 

B.  M.,  4970,  var. 

Perianth  pale  yellow ;  lip  golden  yellow,  marked  with 
orange-red;  very  fragrant.  This  species  is  also  known 
as  Dendrobium  aureum  in  one  of  its  varieties. 


DESCRIPTIVE  LIST.  2$$ 

A.  Dendrobium  Heyneanum.    Bombay.      Wight,  Ic.,  909. 
A  pretty  species,  with  spikes  of  white  flowers  from  the 
top  of  the  stems  at  different  seasons.     Block  culture. 

A.  Dendrobium  hedyosmum.     Moulmein. 

B.  M,  5515. 

Bat.  2d  Cen.,  155. 

A  plant  allied  to  Dendrobium  formosum.  Flowers 
greenish  white,  changing  to  pure  white  ;  lip  marked  with 
orange  ;  deliciously  fragrant.  A  rare  plant. 

B.  Dendrobium  Hillii.     Australia     .     B.  M.,  5261. 

Bat.  2d  Cen.,  195. 

A  stout-growing  species,  allied  to  and  sometimes  con- 
sidered a  variety  of  Dendrobium  speciosum,  producing 
from  the  tops  of  the  stems  long  clustered  spikes  of 
creamy  white  flowers.  Grow  in  a  pot,  and  do  not  keep 
it  very  warm. 

A.  Dendrobium  Hookerianum.    Assam   .     .     B.  M.,  6013. 

I.  H,  155- 

A  slender-growing  species,  with  tall  stems  ;  flowers 
large,  deep  yellow,  on  slender  spikes,  with  dark  spots  on 
the  disk.  A  beautiful  plant,  commonly  called  Dendro- 
chrysotis. 


A.  Dendrobium  infundibulum.     Moulmein. 

B.  M.,  5446. 

I.  H.,  3,  172. 

Bat.  2d  Cen.,  122. 

Flowers  four  inches  across,  pure  white,  with  deep 
orange  in  the  centre  of  the  lip.  A  lovely  plant,  allied 


254  ORCHIDS. 

to  Dendrobium  formosum,  and  almost  its  equal.     Known 
also  as  D.  moulmeinense. 

Dendrobium  Jamesianum.     Moulmein. 

A  rare  species  with  pure  white  flowers  resembling 
Dendrobium  formosum,  but  smaller;  lip  cinnabar  red. 
Blooms  in  spring  and  summer.  Pot  culture. 

Dendrobium  japonicum.     See  Dendrobium  moniliforme. 

A.  Dendrobium  Jenkinsii.    India  .     .     B.  R.,  25,  37. 

War.  Orch.,  2,  28. 

A  fine  dwarf  evergreen  species  about  two  inches  high. 
Flowers  very  large  for  the  size  of  the  plant ;  pale  buff, 
edged  with  yellow.  Blooms  in  mid-winter.  Grow  on  a 
bare  block  of  wood  suspended  from  the  roof. 

C.  Dendrobium  yohannis.     Australia    .     .     B.  M.,  5540. 
A   species   with    twisted    petals,   brown    and    yellow, 
streaked  with  orange  and  fragrant.     May  be  grown  in  a 
cool  house. 

C.  Dendrobium  Kingianum.     East  Indies. 

Pax.  Mag.,  12,  97. 

B.  R.,  1845,  61. 

B.  M,  4527. 

Lem.  Jard.,  143. 

Flowers  small ;  perianth  pale  purple  ;  lip  beautifully 
marked  with  blood  red. 

B.  Dendrvbium  lasioglossum.     Burmah  .     .     B.  M.,  5825. 
Stems  pendulous ;  flowers  produced  with  the  foliage  on 

the  young  growth,  white  with  purple  markings. 


DESCRIPTIVE  LIST.  2$$ 

A.  Dendrobium  Linawianum.    India.    B.  M.,  4153. 

SYNS.  Epidendrum  moniliforme    Maund,  Bot.,  4194. 

(Linn).  B.  R.,  1314. 

Limodorum  moniliforme.  Pax.  Mag.,  3,  77. 
Flowers  rosy-red  and  white,  produced  at  the  side  of  the 
two  year  old  bulb,  during  the  winter.  Grow  in  a  basket 
or  in  a  pot,  with  peat  and  moss.  Commonly  known  as 
Dendrobium  moniliforme,  which  is  the  proper  name  of 
Dendrobium  japonicum. 

A.  Dendrobium  lituiflorum.     India      .     B.  M.,  6050. 

War.  Orch.,  2,  3. 

A  pendulous  species,  with  flowers  resembling  Dendro- 
bium nobile,  but  larger  and  deeper  colored;  lip  white, 
purple  edged.  A  showy  and  rare  species. 

A.  Dendrobium  Lowii.     Borneo    .     .     Bat.  2d  Cen.,  189. 

B.  M.,  5303. 

Flowers  two  inches  across,  in  dense  racemes,  yellow, 
with  six  red  lines  on  the  lip,  with  long  crimson  fringes. 
Allied  to  Dendrobium  formosum.  A  very  beautiful  and 
rare  plant. 

A.  Dendrobium  luteolum.     Moulmein.    Bat.  2d  Cen.,  185. 

B.  M.,  5441. 

Flowers  pale  primrose,  with  a  few  reddish  streaks  on 
the  lip,  measuring  two  inches  across. 

A.  Dendrobium  McCarthia.     Ceylon.     B.  M.,  4886. 

Bat.  2d  Cen.,  158. 

A  very  beautiful  plant,  producing  bright,  cherry-red 
flowers,  which  last  long  in  perfection;  lip  white  and 


ORCHIDS. 

purple.     It  is  a  free  grower  and  produces  abundance  of 
flowers. 

A.  Dendrobium  macranthum.    Manilla.   Fl.  des  Ser.,  757. 

B.  M.,  3970. 

Sert.  O.,  35- 

Pes.,  40. 

Pax.  Mag.,  8,  97., 
as  macrophyllum. 

A  pendent  species  of  large  growth.  Flowers  produced 
two  or  three  together  from  nodes  of  stems,  after  the 
leaves  have  fallen  ;  rosy,  pinkish  purple,  very  large,  with 
a  strong  scent  of  sweet  rhubarb.  Blooms  in  spring  and 
lasts  long  in  perfection.  Should  be  grown  in  a  basket. 
We  have  seen  this  plant  with  hundreds  of  flowers,  and 
no  finer  sight  could  be  wished. 

Dendrobium  macranthum  giganteum  .  .  War.  Orch.,  26. 
Flowers  five  or  six  inches  in  diameter,  rosy,  with  purple 
eye.  A  large-growing  variety.  This  plant  is  commonly 
found  under  the  name  of  Dendrobium  macrophyllum,  which 
is  a  very  different  plant,  and  a  native  of  Java.  It  is  also 
called  Dendrobium  superbum.  The  variety  Dayanum  is 
Dendrobium  anosmum. 

Dendrobium  macranthum  Huttoni. 

A  magnificent  and  very  rare  variety,  with  pure  white 
sepals  and  petals,  and  deep  purple  lip. 

Dendrobium  macrophyllum.     Java      .     .     .     B.  M.,  5649. 

A  distinct  species  with  clavate  stems  bearing  three  or 

four  leaves.     Racemes   of   flowers  erect;  sepals  yellow 

shaded  with  green ;  petals  white ;  lip  yellowish  green, 


DESCRIPTIVE  LIST.  2$? 

streaked  with  purple.  Also  known  as  Dendrobium  Veitch- 
ianum.  The  plant  usually  grown  as  Dendrobium  mac- 
rophyllum,  is  Dendrobium  macranthum. 

Dendrobium  moniliforme.     Japan  .     .     .     .     B.  M.,  5482. 

SYN.  Dendrobium  japonicum. 

A  species  growing  about  a  foot  high,  with  pure  white, 
fragrant  flowers,  with  purple  spots  on  the  lip.  A  cool 
house  plant.  The  plant  usually  grown  under  this  name 
is  Dendrobium  Linawianum. 

A.  Dendrobium  moschatum.    Pegu  .     M.  B.,  241. 
SYN.  Epidendrum  moschatum.      B.  M.,  3837. 

Maund,  Bot.,  i,  37. 

Flowers  orange-yellow,  marked  with  creamy  white ;  lip 
yellow,  with  rich  crimson  rays  or  chocolate.  Grow  as 
Dendrobium  Calceolaria,  with  which  it  is  often  con- 
founded. 

A.  Dendrobium  nobile.     China  .     .     .     Pax.  Mag.,  7.  7. 

Sert.  O.,  tab.  3. 

B.  M.,  5003,  z'ar. 

Sepals  and  petals  rosy  white,  with  purple  tips ;  lip 
white  or  yellowish,  with  large  crimson  spot  in  the  centre  ; 
margined  with  lilac.  Blooms  in  winter  and  spring.  Grow 
in  pot  or  basket,  in  moss  or  peat,  or  on  a  block.  This  is 
one  of  the  most  useful  plants  for  winter  decoration  and 
for  cutting.  It  is  of  easy  culture  and  makes  fine  spec- 
imens. There  are  many  varieties,  which  differ  in  mode 
of  growth,  size,  and  color  of  flower.  The  best  are 
Dendrobium  pendulum,  majus,  and  intermedium. 


258  ORCHIDS. 

B.  Dendrobium  nodatum.     Moulmein.    Fl.  des  Ser.,  1582. 

B.  M.,  5470. 

Flowers  primrose,  with  orange  lip  marked  with  purple. 
A  very  pretty  but  not  a  free-blooming  species,  though  very 
easy  to  grow. 

B.  Dendrobium  Palpebrcs.     Moulmein. 

A  species  somewhat  resembling  Dendrobium  densi- 
florum  in  habit.  Flowers  white,  with  deep  yellow  stain 
at  base  of  the  velvety  lip,  which  is  fringed  at  the  base 
with  long  hairs. 

A.  Dendrobium  Parishii.     Moulmein.     B.  M.,  5488. 

Bat.  2d  Cen.,  126. 

Jen.  Orch.,  39. 

A  dwarf  plant  with  thick  drooping  stems.  Flowers  two 
together,  dark  purple  and  rose.  Blooms  in  summer.  A 
handsome,  free-growing  plant.  We  find  basket  culture 
suits  it  best. 

B.  Dendrobium  Paxtonii.    Khasya     .     Pax.  Mag.,  6,  169. 
Flowers  orange-yellow ;  lip  with  dark  spot  at  the  base, 

and  fringed.  Blooms  at  different  seasons  on  a  spike  from 
near  the  top  of  the  old  bulb.  Treat  as  Dendrobium  no- 
bile.  Differs  from  D.  chrysanthum  in  having  petals  ser- 
rated and  surface  and  margin  of  lip  hairy. 

B.  Dendrobium  Pierardii.    East  Indies.    Hook.  Ex.,  9. 
SYN.  Dendrobium  cucuttatum.  Lodd.  Cab.,  750. 

B.  M.,  2584. 
B.  R.,  1756. 


DESCRIPTIVE  LIST.  259 

Flowers  rosy  white ;  lip  yellowish.  Treat  as  Dendro- 
bium  macranthum.  Flowers  in  winter  and  spring. 

Dendrobium  Pierardii  latifolium. 

Flowers  twice  as  large  as  the  species,  in  April  and 
May. 

A.  Dendrobium  primulinum.     India. 

A  free-growing,  deciduous,  pendulous  species.  Flowers 
white  and  pink,  very  delicate,  in  two  rows  along  the  stem, 
in  spring.  Grow  in  basket. 

Dendrobium  primulinum  giganteum. 

A  variety  with  larger  flowers  and  stouter  growth. 

B.  Dendrobium  pulchellum.     Sylhet.     Maund,  Bot,  i,  5. 

Lodd.   Cab.,  1935. 

B.  M.,  5037. 

Sepals  white,  marked  with  yellowish  green  ;  petals  rosy ; 
lip  beautifully  fringed,  with  an  orange  blotch  in  the  cen- 
tre. Flowers  show  in  February  or  March,  after  the 
leaves  have  fallen.  A  free  bloomer. 

Dendrobium  pulchellum  purpureum. 

Only  differs  from  the  species  in  the  spot  on  the  lip 
being  purple.  These  plants  do  best  on  blocks,  without 
any  moss. 

B.  Dendrobium  Ruckeri.     Manila     .     .     B.  R.,  1843,  60. 
Perianth    beautiful  nankeen-yellow,  almost  white  out- 
side ;  lip  deep  orange,  bordered  with  white. 

B.  Dendrobium  sanguinolentum.     India  .     B.  R.,  1843,  6. 
The  bulbs  and  leaves  are  violet-colored ;  the  flowers 


26O  ORCHIDS. 

are  produced  from  the  ends  of  the  old  bulbs  for  years ; 
sepals  and  petals  fawn  color,  tipped  with  deep  violet,  and 
a  scarlet  spot  in  the  middle.  Blooms  during  the  summer 
and  autumn.  Grow  in  pot  or  basket,  with  moss  or  peat. 
Dendrobium  sanguinolentum  superbum  has  larger  creamy- 
white  flowers,  tipped  with  dark  purple. 

Dendrobium  Schroderi.     See  Dendrobium  densiflorum. 

C.  Dendrobium  secundum.     Malacca     .     .     B.  R.,  1291. 

B.  M,  4352. 
Sert.  Bot,  7. 
A  pretty  little  pink-flowered  species. 

A.  Dendrobium  senile.     Moulmein      .     B.  M.,  5520. 

Bat.  2d  Cen.,  147. 

A  very  small   grower;  stems  and  leaves  all  covered 
with  white  hairs ;  flowers  large,  in  pairs,  bright  yellow. 
Grow  on  a  block.     A  very  curious  and  pretty  plant. 

C.  Dendrobium  spetiosum.     New  South  Wales. 

B.  M.,  3074. 
B.  R.,  1610. 

A  common  plant  of  easy  culture  \  flowers  from  ends  of 
pseudo-bulbs  in  erect  spikes,  yellowish  white.  Does  well 
in  a  cool  house.  Pot  culture. 

B.  Dendrobium  sulcatum.     Khasya  .     .     B.  R.,  1838,  65. 
Resembles  Dendrobium  densiflorum. 

Flowers  yellow  in  racemes  from  near  the  top  of  the 
flat  furrowed  pseudo-bulbs.  Pot  culture. 

Dendrobium  superbum.     See  Dendrobium  macranthum. 


DESCRIPTIVE  LIST.  26 1 

B.  Dendrobium  Tattonianum.     Australia    .     B.  M.,  5537. 
A  little   plant,  only  growing  a  few  inches  high,  with 
long   flower-stem ;   flowers   yellowish   white,  with  blush 
lip.     Pot  culture. 

A.  Dendrobium  taiirinum.     India    .     B.  R.,  1843,  2&- 

Fl.  des  Ser.,  1904. 
Pax.  Mag.,  10,  217. 

A  tall  species ;  sepals  pure  white ;  petals  reddish 
brown  ;  lip  violet-white.  Pot  culture. 

B.  Dendrobium  tetragonum.     Moreton  Bay.    B.  M.,  5956. 
A  remarkable    plant,   with  long  pendent  stems,   pro- 
ducing from  the  apex  a  single  flower ;  sepals  and  petals 
greenish  white ;  lip  white,  with  crimson  marks.     Block 
culture. 

Dendrobium  thyrsiflorum.     Moulmein. 

Allied  to  Dendrobium  densiftorum.  Flowers  white  and 
yellow,  in  dense  clusters.  Pot  culture. 

B.  Dendrobium  tortile.     Java B.  M.,  4477. 

Blooms  like  Dendrobium  nobile,  and  requires  the  same 
treatment.  Flowers  pale  yellow,  almost  white,  produced 
in  May  and  June. 

Dendrobium  tortile  roseum. 

White  flowers,  shaded  with  rose,  very  handsome.  Bas- 
ket or  pot  culture. 

B.  Dendrobium  transparens.     India    .     .     B.  M.,  4663. 

Pax.  Fl.  G.,  27. 
Lem.  Jard.,  68. 


262  ORCHIDS. 

Blooms  in  the  same  way  as  Dendrobium  nobile.  Flowers 
pale,  transparent,  pinkish  lilac,  with  blotch  of  deep  crim- 
son in  the  middle  of  the  lip.  Blooms  in  June  and  July. 
Grow  in  a  pot,  with  peat  and  moss ;  it  also  does  well  on 
a  block. 

B.  Dendrobium  triadenium.     India    .     .     .     B.  M.,  5285. 

B.  R.,  33,  i. 

Flowers  pink  and  white,  produced  on  a  small  spike, 
from  the  side  of  the  old  bulb,  in  panicles  of  ten  or  twelve, 
at  different  seasons.  Grow  in  pot,  with  peat. 

Dendrobium  Veitchianum.     See  Dendrobium  macrophyllum. 

B.  Dendrobium  Wallichianum.     India. 

This  species  resembles  Dendrobium  nobile,  but  has  taller 
bulbs,  darker  foliage,  ayd  richer-colored  flowers.  Blooms 
at  the  same  time,  and  requires  similar  treatment.  By 
some  it  is  considered  only  a  variety  of  that  species,  and 
by  others  as  the  same  as  Dendrobium  cozrulescens. 

Dendrobium  Wardianum.     Assam      .     Jen.  Orch.,  2. 

War.  Orch.,  2,  19. 

A  rare  plant,  with  long,  pendulous,  knobby  stems ; 
flowers  three  inches  in  diameter,  white  and  purple ;  lip 
rich  orange,  white,  and  crimson. 

Should  be  grown  in  a  basket.  With  us  it  blooms 
freely,  and  lasts  long  in  beauty.  One  of  the  finest  of 
Dendrobiums. 

B.  Dendrobium  Williamsoni.     Assam. 

An  upright  grower.  Flowers  large,  ivory-white,  with 
large  blood-red  spot  in  centre  of  lip.  Pot  culture. 


DESCRIPTIVE  LIST.  263 

B.  Dendrobium  xanthophkbium.     Moulmein. 

SYN.  Dendrobium  marginatum.       Bat.  2d  Cen.,  105. 
Flowers   in   pairs   on  old   stems ;   sepals   and  petals 
white ;   lip  spotted  with   orange,   bordered  with  white. 
Block  or  pot  culture. 

The  following  are  species  :  — 
Dendrobium  aciculare. 
D.  album.     See  Camaridium. 
D.  czmuhim.     B.  M.,  2906. 
D.  amplum.     Lindley.     Pax.  Mag.,  7,  1 2 1. 
D.  aqueum.     B.  R.,  29,  54  ;  B.  M.,  4640. 
D.  brcvifolium. 
D.  calamiforme. 
D.  caniculatum. 
D.  compressum.     B.  R.,  30,  53. 
D.  cupreum.    B.  R.,  1779. 
D.  cucumerinum.    B.  R.,  59,  37  ;  B.  M.,  4619 ;  Lem.  Jard., 

358. 

D.  denudans. 

D.  discolor.     B.  R.,  27,  52. 
D.  elongatum. 
D.  herbaceum. 

D.  lingua 'forme.     Hook.  Ex.,  n. 
D.  longicornu.    B.  R.,  1315. 
D.  macrostachium.     B.  R.,  1865. 
D.  plicatile. 
D.  revolutum. 
D.  feres. 
D.  undulatum. 
D.  vaginatum. 

This  family,  entirely  from  the  East  Indies,  is  one  of  the 
most  beautiful  of  orchidaceous  plants.     The  species  with 


264  ORCHIDS. 

long  stiff  bulbs  are  best  grown  in  pots,  well  drained,  in 
peat;  moss,  charcoal,  and  potsherds ;  they  should  gen- 
erally have  large  pots. 

The  species  with  drooping  bulbs  should  be  grown  in 
baskets  in  moss  or  peat. 

Those  with  short  bulbs  should  be  grown  on  blocks, 
with  moss  during  the  growing  season,  but  bare  when  at 
rest. 

To  flower  these  plants  well,  they  must  have  a  good 
season  of  rest  and  growth. 

They  should  be  grown  in  the  East  Indian  house,  with 
plenty  of  heat  and  moisture,  and  water  at  the  roots  dur- 
ing growth ;  the  moss  or  peat  should  then  never  be 
allowed  to  dry.  After  they  have  finished  growing,  give 
them  a  good  season  of  rest,  moving  them  into  a  cooler 
house,  and  only  give  water  enough  to  keep  the  bulbs  from 
shriveling.  They  generally  grow  after  the  flowers  have 
faded.  The  plants  are  propagated  by  division  or  from 
plants  which  form  on  the  old  pseudo-bulbs,  as  we  have 
described  in  the  chapter  on  propagation.  If  these  plants 
are  kept  growing  they  will  give  plenty  of  shoots  but  few 
flowers. 

Of  all  the  many  Dendrobiums,  and  new  species  are  dis- 
covered each  year,  there  is  hardly  one  which  is  not  worth 
growing,  though  some  are  not  very  showy. 

Dendrochilum.     Blume.     Epiphyte. 

Name  from  SevSpov,  a  tree,  and  xe*^°*>  a  Hp» 
B.  Dendrochilum  filiforme.     Manilla. 

A  pretty,  low-growing  plant,  with  neat  foliage,  and 
graceful,  drooping,  yellowish  flowers,  in  summer. 


DESCRIPTIVE  LIST.  26$ 

A.  Dendrochilum  glumaceum.     Philippines. 

B.  M.,  4853. 

Bat.  2d  Cen.,  134. 

A  very  elegant  plant,  and  one  of  the  most  graceful  of 
Orchids,  of  neat  habit,  so  that  when  out  of  bloom  the 
foliage  is  attractive.  The  flowers  are  in  close  drooping 
spikes,  coming  out  of  the  young  foliage,  whitish  and  deli- 
ciously  fragrant.  Blooms  in  February  and  lasts  long  in 
beauty.  We  consider  this  plant  one  of  the  most  desira- 
ble of  Orchids.  Our  specimen  plant  is  a  foot  in  diame- 
ter, and  is  a  mass  of  graceful  pendent  spikes. 

Other  varieties  are,  Dendrobium  aurantiacum,  longifo- 
lium,  latifolium,  oculatum,  and  pallicliflavens,  all  natives  of 
the  East  Indies. 

These  plants  require  plenty  of  water  when  in  growth, 
less  when  at  rest,  but  must  never  be  dry  •  the  pseudo-bulbs 
are  small,  and  if  allowed  to  shrivel  the  plants  would  be 
lost.  All  the  species  should  be  grown  in  pots  in  rather 
strong  soil,  peat  and  moss,  with  a  preponderance  of  the 
former,  and  good  drainage.  They  require  the  warmest 
house. 

The  following  genera  are  to  be  recommended  to  those 
desiring  a  great  variety  :  — 

Dichcea.     Lindley.     Epiphyte. 

Name  from  5lxn>  in  two,  alluding  to  arrangement  of  the  leaves. 
Dichosa  dubia.  D.  graminoides. 

D.  glauca.  D.  ochracea. 


266  ORCHIDS. 


Dicrypta.     Lindley.     Epiphyte. 

Name  from  5/s,  double,  and  KpvTrTu,  to  conceal,  alluding  to  structure 
of  the  pollinia. 

Dicrypta  crassifolia.  D.  discolor. 

D.  bicolor.  D.  iridifolia. 

Dienia.     Lindley.     Epiphyte. 

Name  from  Si's,  two,  and  rivia,  a  strap,  alluding  to  attachment  ofpollen 

masses. 
Dienia  cordata. 

Dinema.     Lindley.     Epiphyte. 

Name  from  Sis,  two,  and  v«a>,  to  spin,  alluding  to  the  two  thread-like 

horns  of  the  column. 
Dinema  paleaceum.    Lindley. 
D.  polybulbon.     Lindley.     B.  M.,  4067. 

Dipodium.     Brown.     Terrestrial. 

Name  from  Sis,  two,  and  irovs,  a  foot,  referring  to  the  threads  of  the 

pollinia. 

Dipodinm  pnnctatum.     B.  R.,  23,  1980.     Maund,  Bot.,  2,66. 
D.flavum.    See  Cyrtoperaflava. 

Disa.     Bergius.     Terrestrial. 

Origin  of  name  unknown. 

A.  Disa  grandiflora.     Cape Pes.,  18. 

B.  M.,  4073.  Sert.  Bot,  7. 

Sert.  O.,  49.  Jen.  Orch.,  40. 

F.  M.,  69,  223.  B.  R.,  926. 

Large  flowers,  of  deep  scarlet  crimson ;  petals  tipped 


DESCRIPTIVE  LIST.  267 

with  white  and  green,  pale  yellow  inside.  The  soil  for 
this  plant  should  be  rich  fibrous  peat  and  loam.  It 
should  have  but  little  heat,  and  never  be  allowed  to  dry 
off.  We  have  treated  more  fully  of  this  plant  in  the  early 
part  of  this  book.  The  great  trouble  in  its  culture  ap- 
pears to  be  want  of  water  j  if  there  is  good  drainage  it 
can  hardly  have  too  much  water.  It  does  not  need  much 
heat,  and  should  be  grown  with  a  good  circulation  of  air, 
and  not  full  sun. 

Disa  grandiflora  superba  is  a  very  showy  variety,  figured 
in  Warner's  Orchids,  36. 

The  genus  is  a  large  one,  exclusively  South  African 
and  Abyssinian.  Some  of  the  species  are  attractive, 
many  having  rosy  flowers,  while  in  others  there  is  a 
charming  mixture  of  blue,  white,  green,  and  purple. 

Disa  Barelli,  figured  in  F.  M.,  2,  104,  is  a  showy 
species.  Other  species  are  Disa  bracteata,  B.  R.,  324; 
D.  cormcta,  B.  M.,  4091  ;  D.  prasinata,  B.  R.,  210 ;  D.  pul- 
chella,  scutellifera,  fasciata,  melaleuca,  and  spathulata. 


Drymoda.     Lindley.     Epiphyte. 

Name  from  Spvpds,  a  forest. 

This  genus  contains  the  smallest  Orchids  ;  the  pseudo- 
bulbs  are  less  than  an  inch  in  diameter,  and  the  whole 
plant  is  infinitesimal. 

Drymoda  picta.     Moulmein Sert.  O.,  8. 

B.  M.,  5904. 

Foliage  none  ;  flowers  in  long  scapes  from  the  minute 


268  ORCHIDS. 

bulbs ;  very  bright  purple  and  white.   Very  curious.  Grow 
on  a  block  in  East  Indian  house. 


E. 

Epidendrum.     Linnceus.     Epiphyte. 

Name  from  tiri,  upon,  and  Stvopov,  a  tree. 
C.  Epidendrum  aeriforme.     Rio  Janeiro. 

Perianth  green,  tinted  with  brown ;  lip  white   or  rosy 
flesh  color  ;  flowers  in  a  panicle. 

C.  Epidendrum  alatum.     Guatemala     .    •.     Bat.,  18. 

B.  R,  33,  53- 

Perianth  greenish  yellow  ;  lip  marked  with  purple. 
There  are  many  varieties,  of  which  majus  is  the  best. 

Epidendrum   aloefolium.      An   old   name  of    Cymbidium. 
See  B.  M.,  u,  387. 

B.  Epidendrum  alifolium.     Guatemala     .     .     .     Bat.,  25. 
A  pendulous   species,  with   narrow,   pointed    leaves; 

flowers  large,  greenish  yellow  and  brown,  with  pure  white 
lip,  produced  during  the  summer.  Grow  in  a  basket  in 
moss. 

Epidendrum  amabile.     See  Epidendrum  dichromum. 

C.  Epidendrum  asperum.     Mexico. 

Perianth  brownish  yellow  ;  lip  yellow,  veined  with  red. 

Epidendrum  atropurpureum.     See  Epidendrum  macrochi- 
lum. 

B.  Epidendrum  aurantiacum.     Guatemala  .     .     Bat,  12. 
This  species  nearly  resembles,  in  its  bulbs  and  growth, 


DESCRIPTIVE  LIST.  26$ 

Cattkya  Skinnerii ;  the  flowers,  which  are  bright  orange, 
with  crimson  stripes  on  the  lip,  are  produced  from  a 
sheath  at  the  top  of  the  bulb  in  March,  April,  and  May. 
There  is  a  variety  which  never  expands  its  flowers,  and 
another  of  which  the  color  is  very  dark. 

A.  Epidendrum  bicornutum.  Trinidad.   Pax.  Mag.,  5,  245. 

B.  M.,  3332- 
Jen.  Orch.,  21. 

Flowers  large,  white,  and  very  fragrant ;  blooms  in 
April  and  May. 

This  is  a  beautiful  species ;  may  be  grown  on  a  block 
or  in  a  pot.  The  flowers  are  the  largest  of  the  genus. 

C.  Epidendrum  biforatum.     Rio  Janeiro. 

Flower  greenish,  with  white  lip.  The  flowers  are  in 
panicles  and  are  very  fragrant. 

C.  Epidendrum  Boothianum.     Cuba  .     .     .     B.  R.,  1838. 
Flowers  yellow,  with  brownish  red  transverse  bands. 

A.  Epidendrum  Brasavolce.     Central  America. 

B.  M.,  5664. 

A  very  showy  plant,  with  large  flowers  ;  sepals  and 
petals  long,  orange-yellow  ;  lip  white,  tipped  with  mauve ; 
spike  long,  many-flowered,  lasting  long  in  beauty.  Allied 
to  Epidendrum  prismatocarpum,  but  a  far  handsomer 
plant. 

C.  Epidendrum  calocheilum.     Guatemala    .     B.  M.,  3898. 
Perianth  yellow,  slightly  greenish,  tipped  with  purple  j 
lip  crimson,  veined  and  edged  with  yellow. 

Epidendrum  caudatum.     SYN.  of  Brassia  caudata. 


2/0  ORCHIDS. 

C.  Epidendrum  dliare.     Guatemala    .     .     Lodd.  Cab.,  9. 

B.  R,  784. 

B.  M.,  463- 

Perianth  greenish  yellow;    lip   white,   cut   into    long 
fringes. 

Epidendtum  dliare  minor. 

Only  differs  in  the  size  of  the  flowers,  which  are  more 
fragrant.     This  is  a  common  free-blooming  species. 

B.  Epidendnim  cinnabarinum.  Bahia  .  B.  R.,  1842,  25. 
Perianth  cinnabar-red ;  lip  orange-yellow,  fringed ; 
flowers  produced  in  panicles,  in  May,  June,  and  July. 
It  differs  from  Epidendrum  Schomburgkii  in  the  shade  of 
the  flowers,  which  are  deeper  crimson. 

B.  Epidendrum  cnemidophorum.    Guatemala.  B.  M.,  5656. 
Flowers  light  yellow  and  brown  inside,  pure  white  out- 
side ;  lip  white,  shaded  with  rose,  deeply  divided.     A  tall- 
growing  plant. 

A.  Epidendrum  Cooperianum.     Brazil    .     .     B.  M.,  5654. 
A    tall-growing    species;    flowers    in    large    terminal 

racemes  ;  brownish  yellow,  with  large,  rose  lip. 

C.  Epidendrum  crassifolium B.  M.,  3543. 

Flowers  rose-colored,  in  April,  May,  and  June.    Proba- 
bly  the    same    as    Epidendrum    ellipticum.      Very   free- 
blooming,  indeed  seldom  out  of  bloom  if  the  plant  is 
large. 

B.  Epidendrum  criniferum.    South  America.    B.  M.,  6094. 
Sepals   and  petals  yellow,  spotted  with  rich  brown; 

lip  white,  with  red  marking. 


DESCRIPTIVE  LIST.  2/1 

C.  Epidendrum  cochleatum.    Guatemala.     Lodd.  Cab.,  22. 

B.M.,  152,  572. 

Sert.  Bot,  7. 

Sepals  and  petals  long,  narrow,  of  a  greenish  yellow; 
the  lip  rounded  in  the  shape  of  a  shell,  and  greenish 
white,  striped  with  yellow  and  purple. 

Epidendrum  cochleatum  majus,  from  Mexico,  has  the 
flower  and  bulbs  larger.  A  very  common  Orchid. 

C.  Epidendrum  coriaceum.     Demerara   .     .     B.  M.,  3595* 
The  stalk  bears  seven  or  eight  flowers  about  an  inch 
across,  white,  marked  with  deep  red. 

A.  Epidendrum  cuspidatum.     Tropical  America. 

B.  R.,  783. 

A  very  pretty  plant,  producing  in  September  a  five- 
flowered  spike  of  large  white  flowers,  with  fringed  lip, 
which  scent  the  whole  house  by  their  fragrance.  Epiden- 
drum  ciliare  is  often  sold  for  this  plant.  The  true  plant 
is  very  rare.  The  figure  in  the  Botanical  Register  has 
yellow  flowers,  a  color  the  flowers  assume  before  fading. 

A.  Epidendrum  dichromum.     Bahia  .     .     .     B.  R.,  1843. 
Flowers  large,  perianth  clear  rose ;  lip  deep  crimson ; 
very  fragrant.     The  flowers  of  this  species  vary  much  in 
size  and  color. 

A.  Epidendrum  dichromum  amabile   .     B.  M.,  5491. 

Bat.  2d  Cen.,  112. 

A  very  beautiful  variety,  with  large  flowers,  color  pink 
or  white  ;  lip  purple. 


2/2  ORCHIDS. 

B.  Epidendrum  eburneum.    Panama  .     .     .     B.  M.,  5643. 
A  species  growing  two  feet  high.     Flowers  in  terminal 
spike,  pure  white,  with  large  ivory  lip. 

B.  Epidendrum  erubescens.     Mexico    ....     Bat,  32. 
A  very  distinct  plant,  of  creeping  habit,  making  bulbs 

at  intervals  on  the  woody  root-stock.  Flowers  of  two 
shades  of  mauve.  Grow  on  long  blocks  of  wood,  in  a 
cool  house,  with  plenty  of  moisture. 

A.  Epidendrum  evectum.     New  Granada    .     B.  M.,  5902. 
A  very  fine  species,  of  tall  growth,  producing  from  the 

tops  of  the  bulbs  long  dense  spikes  of  rich,  rosy  purple 
flowers,  with  beautifully  fringed  lip.  The  whole  spike 
much  resembles  an  orchis,  but  is  looser. 

C.  Epidendrum  fragrans.    Jamaica  .     Pax.  Mag.,  2,  217. 

B.  M.,  1669. 
Lodd.  Cab.,  1039. 

Flowers  green,  lip  striped  with  red.     Only  desirable 
for  its  fragrance. 

B.  Epidendrum  Frederici  Guilielmi.     South  America. 

Reich.  Xen.,  51. 
I.  H.,  3,  48.  * 

A  tall  species,  producing  showy  flowers.     Sepals  and 
petals  claret  color,  contrasting  finely  with  the  pure  white 

HP. 

C.  Epidendrum  glumaceum.    Brazil    .     .     M.  O.  P.,  9. 

B.  R.,  1840,  6. 

Flowers  white,  sepals  marked  with  yellow  and  striped 
with  violet. 


DESCRIPTIVE  LIST.  273 

B.  Epidendrum  Hanburyanum.     Mexico. 

Perianth  purplish  brown  ;  lip  rose,  with  crimson  veins. 
Flowers  large ;  vanilla-scented. 

B.  Epidendrum  Ibaguense.    Ecuador   .     .     .     F.  M.,  390. 
Flowers  in  rich  terminal  clusters,  scarlet-orange,  with 

deep  yellow  lip.     A  winter  bloomer. 

C.  Epidendrum  ionosmum.    Brazil    .     .     B.  R.,  1838,  87. 
Flowers  dull  red ;  lip  striped  with  lilac ;  violet-scented. 

C.  Epidendrum  lacertinum.   Guatemala.    Fl.  des  Ser.,  376. 
Perianth  brilliant  green  ;  lip  tinted  with  purple. 

C.  Epidendrum  lancifolium.     Mexico    .     B.  R.,  1842,  50. 
Flowers  resemble  those  of  Epidendrum  cochleatum,  but 
are  larger ;  lip  pale  yellow  :  slightly  fragrant. 

A.  Epidendrum  macrochilum.     Guatemala. 

Bat,  17. 

B.  M.,  3534. 

Pes.,  26. 

Pax.  Mag.,  u,  243. 

Flower  large ;  perianth  greenish  brown  ;  lip  large,  pure 
white,  with  purple  spot  at  the  base.  Blooms  from  March 
to  June.  Called  also  Epidendrum  atropurpureum. 

A.  Epidendrum  macrochilum  roseum    .     Fl.  des  Ser.,  372. 

I.  H,  541. 

Perianth  deep  violet ;  lip  very  large,  deep  rose.    A  very 

beautiful  plant.    Epidendrum  macrochilum  atropurpureum 

has  dark  purple  lip.     This  species  lasts  three  months  in 

bloom,  is  delightfully  fragrant,  and  is  the  best  of  the  family. 

18 


274 


ORCHIDS. 


A.  Epidendrum  myrianthum.     Guatemala. 

B.  M,  5556. 

Bat.  2d  Cen.,  163. 

A  rare  plant,  but  very  beautiful.  Flowers  in  dense 
branching  spikes,  magenta  color,  somewhat  reminding  us 
of  the  lilac,  but  far  more  beautiful. 

A.  Epidendrum  nemorale.     Mexico.     Bat.  2d  Cen.,  135. 

B.R.,  1844,51. 
B.  M.,  4606. 
Pax.  Mag.,  13,  101. 
all  as  verrucosum. 

A  very  desirable  species.  Pseudo-bulbs  about  four 
inches  long,  with  long  drooping  panicles  of  rosy  flowers  ; 
lip  striped  with  violet. 

A.  Epidendrum  nemorale  majus    .     .     .     War.  Orch.,  13. 
A  fine  variety,  with  larger  panicles  and  deeper  colored 

flowers.     This  is  a  very  graceful  plant. 

B.  Epidendrum  oncidioides.     Central  America. 

B.  R.,  1623. 

Flowers  very  fragrant ;  perianth  deep  yellow  and  brown  ; 
lip  deep  yellow.  Bears  some  resemblance  to  Onddium 
luridum. 

B.  Epidendrum  paniculatum.    Peru    .     .     .     B.  M.,  5731. 
Stems  three  feet  high.     Flowers  in  large  drooping  pan- 
icle, branched,  pale  rose-color. 

C.  Epidendrum  papillosum.     Oaxaca     .     .     B.  M.,  3631. 
Flowers  large,  greenish  yellow ;  lip  white,  with  three 

deep  violet  stripes. 


DESCRIPTIVE  LIST.  2?$ 

B.  Epidendrum  phoeniceum.     Cuba.     Pax.  Mag.,  9,  87. 

Sert.  O.,  46. 
Fl.  des  Ser.,  47,  306. 

Perianth  rich  violet-purple;  lip  large,  pale  rose,  with 
carmine  markings.  Blooms  during  the  summer. 

A.  Epidendrum  prismatocarpum.     Central  America. 

Reich.  Xen,,  123. 
B.  M,  5336. 
Bat.  2d  Cen.,  109. 
War.  Orch.,  9. 

A  very  remarkable  plant,  of  free  growth  and  easy  cul- 
ture, soon  forming  a  fine  specimen.  Foliage  clear  green. 
Flowers  in  close  spikes  of  five  to  fifteen,  greenish  yellow, 
with  blackish  spots;  lip  pinkish  or  white,  marked  with 
crimson.  This  plant  is  somewhat  difficult  to  bloom  ;  it 
seems  to  require  more  heat  than  most  species.  There 
are  many  varieties,  a  large  proportion  not  worth  growing. 
A  specimen  plant  of  this  species  in  our  collection,  im- 
ported from  England  at  a  cost  of  many  guineas,  proves 
utterly  worthless  on  blooming.  It  is  not  safe  to  buy  this 
species  without  seeing  the  flower. 

C.  Epidendrum  radiatum.    Mexico    .     .     B.  R.,  1844,  45. 

The  flowers  resemble  Epidendrum  cochkatum  in  form  : 
are  of  a  pale  green,  with  rays  of  deep  purple  on  the  lip, 
and  have  a  strong  cinnamon  perfume. 

C.  Epidendrum  raniferum.     Mexico     .     B.  R.,  28,  42. 

Perianth  greenish  yellow,  marked  with  brown  ;  the  lip 
has  a  swelling  at  its  base  shaped  like  a  frog. 


2/6  ORCHIDS. 

B.  Epidendrum  rhizophorum.    Gautemala    .     B.  R.,  1840. 
Resembles  Epidendrum  dnnabarinum.     This  plant  is  a 
half  climber,  growing  many  feet  high.     The  flowers  last 
long  in  beauty. 

B.  Epidendrum  roseum.     Bahia   ....     Portf.,  tab.  2. 
Flowers  large,  rose  ;  lip  with  a  large  purple  spot,  edged 
with  v/hite. 

B.  Epidendrum  Schomburgkii.     Guiana. 

Maund,  Bot.,  165. 

B.  R.,  34,  23. 

Pax.  Mag.,  10,  121. 

Flowers  resemble  Epidendrum  cinnabarinum,  but  are 
distinguished  by  numerous  brown  spots  on  the  stalk. 
Flowers  scarlet  \  deep  orange  lip,  fringed. 

C.  Epidendrum  selligerum.     Mexico. 
Flower  inconspicuous,  but  tuberose  scented. 

A.  Epidendrum  Skinnerii.     Guatemala. 

Pax.  Mag.,  15,  i. 

B.  M.,  3951,  4094. 

B.  R.,  1870-1881. 

Flowers  a  beautiful  rose.  Generally  known  as  Bar- 
keria  Skinneri,  which  see. 

A.  Epidendrum  Stamfordianum.     Guatemala. 

Bat,  n. 

B.  M.,  4759. 

Lem.  Jard.,  251. 

Flowers  greenish  yellow,  spotted  with  brownish  pur- 
ple, produced  very  abundantly  in  April  and  May.  This 


DESCRIPTIVE  LIST. 

plant  should  be  treated  like  a  Cattleya,  only  it  needs 
more  moisture. 

There  are  two  varieties,  differing  in  the  shades  of  the 
flowers  and  in  shape  of  the  pseudo-bulbs.  This  plant 
produces  its  flowers  on  a  spike  from  the  base  of  the  bulb. 

B.  Epidendrum  syringothyrsus.     Peru   .     .     B.  M.,  6145. 
Flowers  in  branching  panicles  ;  light  purple  ;  lip  white 

and  pink. 

C.  Epidendrum  tessellatum.     Guatemala     .     B.  M.,  3638. 
Perianth  greenish  yellow  outside,  brown  inside,  regu- 
larly marked  with  a  darker  shade,  like  a  checker-board ; 
lip  plentifully  striped  with  purple. 

Epidendrum  verrucosum. 

An  old  West  Indian  species  of  which  the  name  was  by 
mistake  given  to  Epidendrum  nemorale.  The  true  verru- 
cosum  is  figured  in  Lodd.  Cab.,  1084. 

A.  Epidendrum  vitellinum.     Mexico  .     I.  H.,  4. 

M.  O.  P.,  i. 

Pax.  Mag.,  11,49- 

B.  M.,  4107. 

B.  R.,  26,  35. 

Sert.  O.,  45- 

Flowers  orange,  with  brilliant  yellow  lip.  Blooms  dur- 
ing the  winter. 

Epidendrum  vitellinum  ma/us      .     .     .     .     F.  M.,  261. 

Jen.  Orch.,  31. 

Differs  from  the  species  in  having  larger  flowers  and 
sometimes  blooming  during  the  summer.  This  species 
needs  a  cool  house. 


2/8  ORCHIDS. 

The  following  are  additional  species  :  — 
Epidendrum  amulum.     B.  R.,  1898. 
E.  altissimum. 

E.  ambiguum.     I.  H.,  606  ;  M.  O.  P.,  5. 
E.  anceps.     Lodd.  Cab.,  887. 
E.  angustifolium.     Schwartz. 
E.  Arbuscula. 

E.  anneniacum.     B.  R.,  1867. 
E.  aromaticum.     Bat.,  10 ;  Ref.  Bot,  89. 
E.  articulatum. 
E.  aitritum. 

E.  bifidum.     B.  R.,  1879. 
E.  bractescens. 
E.  Candollei. 

E.  Catillus.     I.  H.,  3,  162. 
E.  cepifonne.     B.  M.,  3765. 
E.  clavatum.    B.  R.,  1870. 

E.  conopseum*    B.  M.,  3457.     The  Florida  species. 
E.  conspicuum.     I.  H.,  592. 
E.  cucullatum.     B.  M.,  543. 
E.  densiflortim.     B.  M.,  3791. 
E.  elongatum.     B.  M.,  61 1  ;  Lodd.  Cab.,  986. 
E.  falcatum. 
E.  ferruginetim. 
E.  floribundum.     B.  M.,  3637. 

E.  fuscatum.     B.  R.,  67  ;  Lodd.  Cab.,  472  ;  B.  M.,  2844. 
E.  gracile.     B.  R.,  1765. 
E.  Grahami.     B.  M.,  3885. 
E.  glutinosum. 

E.  HarrissonicE.     B.  M.,  3209. 
E.  imbricatum.    Lindley. 
E.  inversum. 
E.  latilabrum. 
E.  lentiginosum. 
E.  longicolle.    B.  M.,  4165. 


DESCRIPTIVE  LIST.  2/9 

E.  macrostachyum.     Lindley. 

E.  nocturnum.     Lodd.  Cab.,  713  ;  B.  M.,  3298;  B.  R.,  1961. 

E.  nutans.     B.  R.,  i,  17  ;  Lodd.  Cab.,  645  ;  Maund,  Bot,  226. 

E.  ochraceum.     B.  R.,  24,  26  ;  M.  O.  P.,  2. 

E.  odoratissimum.     B.  R.,  1415. 

E.  pachyanthuni. 

E.  pallidiflorum.     B.  M.,  2980. 

E.  pictum. 

E.  plicalum.      M.  O.  P.,  4. 

E.  polyanthum.     Bat.,  34. 

E.  pseudepidendrum.     B.  M.,  5929. 

E.  pterocarpum.     M.  O.  P.,  3  ;  B.  R.,  30,  34. 

E.  punctatum.     Linn. 

E.  pyriforme.     M.  O.  P.,  7. 

E.  stenophyllum. 

E.  tigrinum. 

E.  tripunctatum.     Lindley. 

E.  umbellatum.     B.  R.,  80  ;  B.  M.,  2030  ;  Lodd.  Cab.,  26. 

E.  variegatum.     B.  M.,  3151  ;  B.  R.,  25,  II  ;  M.  O.  P.,  8. 

E.  virgatum. 

E.  viviparum. 

Most  of  the  Epidendrums  we  have  described  are  ever- 
green and  compact  in  their  habit.  Epidendrum  cinnaba- 
rinum,  E.  crassifolium,  E.  cnemidophorum,  E.  panicidatum, 
and  others,  are  tall-growing,  with  long,  slender  bulbs, 
with  leaves  from  top  to  bottom.  E.  aurantiacum,  E.  bi- 
cornutum,  and  E.  Stamfordianum  resemble  Cattleyas  in 
their  growth,  having  two  or  three  short  leaves  on  the  top 
of  an  upright  bulb. 

Most  of  the  others  have  short,  round  bulbs,  with  long, 
narrow  leaves.  They  usually  produce  their  flowers  from 
the  top  of  the  bulb ;  in  E.  Stamfordianum  they  rise  from 
the  bottom.  They  should  be  grown  in  the  Mexican 


280  ORCHIDS. 

house,  on  blocks  of  wood,  or  in  pots,  in  peat.  They 
should  be  treated  as  Cattleyas,  but  with  less  heat.  Prop- 
agated by  division. 

Many  plants  were  formerly  known  as  Epidendrums 
which  belong  to  totally  different  genera.  It  was  formerly 
the  custom  to  call  every  unknown  Orchid  an  Epidendrum. 
Botanists  seem  to  have  adopted  the  meaning  of  the  name, 
and  everything  "  growing  on  a  tree  "  was  referred  to  this 
genus. 

Epiphora. 
See  Polystachya. 

Epistephium.     Lindley.     Terrestrial. 

Name  from  eV/,  upon,  and  ffreQwos,  a  garland. 
Epistephium  Williamsii.     Bahia    .     .     B.  M.,  5485. 

Bat.  2d  Cen.,  103. 

A  very  pretty  plant  bearing  reedy  stems,  from  the  top 
of  which  are  produced  the  showy  flowers  ;  petals  purple- 
red  ;  lip  white,  margined  with  red. 

This  genus  is  closely  allied  to  Sobralia.  The  plants 
should  be  grown  in  rich,  peaty  loam,  well  drained,  and 
have  plenty  of  water. 

Eria.     Lindley.     Epiphyte. 

Name  from  epiov,  wool,  alluding  to  wooliness  of  the  flower. 
These  are  not  showy  plants;    the   following  are   the 
best :  — 

Eria  bractescens.     B.  R.,  30,  29. 
E.  bipunctata. 


DESCRIPTIVE  LIST.  28 1 

E.  cochleata. 

E.  convallar aides.    B.  R.,  27,  62  ;  33,  63. 

E.  densiflora. 

E.  ferruginea.    B.  R.,  25,  35. 

E.  multiflora. 

E.  obesa.     B.  M.,  5391. 

E.  paniculata. 

E.  pubescens.     See  Polystachya. 

E.  vestita.    B.  R.,  31,  2  ;  B.  M.,  5807. 

Eria  stellata B.  R.,  .9041. 

B.  M.,  3605. 

This  is  a  pretty  plant  with  tall  spikes  of  yellowish-white 
very  fragrant  flowers.  Blooms  freely  with  us  every  Jan- 
uary, and  is  worth  growing  where  there  is  room. 

All  the  species  are  East  Indian  plants,  and  require  the 
hottest  house.  Grow  in  pots,  in  peat  and  moss,  and  water 
freely  when  in  growth. 

Eriopsis.     Lindley.     Terrestrial. 

Name  from  Eria,  and  6^ is,  resemblance. 

Eriopsis  biloba.     South  America     .     .     .     Pes.,  20. 

B.  R.,  33,  18. 

A  small  Orchid  with  dark  green  foliage,  and  spikes  of 
flowers  from  the  base  of  the  pseudo-bulb ;  sepals  and 
petals  yellow  and  orange ;  lip  whitish  orange  and  brown. 

Eriopsis  rutidobulbon.     New  Granada  .     .     B.  M.,  4437. 
Flowers  purplish  yellow. 

Grow  in  a  pot  with  peat,  and  plenty  of  light  and  water. 
Increase  by  division. 


282  ORCHIDS. 

Eulophia.     Brown.     Terrestrial. 

Name  from  euAo'^os,  a  handsome  crest. 

There  is  nothing  interesting  to  amateurs  in  this  genus. 
The  following  are  species  :  — 
Eulophia  euglossa.    B.  M.,  5561. 
E.  gracilis.     B.   R.,   742;  Lodd.   Cab.,   1178,  is  referred  to 

Galeandra. 

E.  lurida.    B.  R.,  1821. 
E.  streptopetala.    B.  M.,  2931  ;  B.  R.,  1002. 
E.  virens.    B.  M.,  5579. 

Many  plants  formerly  called  Eulophia  are  now  referred 
to  Zygopetalum. 


F. 

Pernandezia.     Ruiz  and  Pavon.     Epiphyte. 

Name  for  George  Garcias  Fernandez,  a  Spanish  botanist. 
The  flowers  of  these  plants  appear  in  the  axils  of  the 
leaves,  and  are  small  and  without  beauty. 
Fernandezia  acuta.     B.  R.  1806. 
F.  elegans.    Lodd.  Cab.,  1214. 

Fieldia. 
A  name  proposed  for  Vanda  gigantea,  and  Batemani 


DESCRIPTIVE  Li  ST.  283 

G. 

Galeandra.     Lindley.     Terrestrial. 

From  galea,  a  helmet,  and  avr)p,  an  anther. 

B.  Galeandra  Baueri.     Guiana    .     .     Pax.  Mag.,  14,  49. 

B.  R.,  1840,  49. 
Bat,  19. 
B.  M.,  4701. 

Perianth  greenish  brown ;  lip  deep  purple.  Blooms  in 
June,  July,  and  August  on  a  drooping  spike. 

B.  Galeandra  Blanchetti.     Bahia. 

Perianth  greenish  brown ;  lip  rose  outside,  white  inside, 
bordered  with  purple-violet. 

B.   Galeandra  cristata.     Cayenne. 

The  flowers  resemble  Galeandra  Devoniana,  but  are 
smaller  and  not  so  highly  colored. 

A.  Galeandra  Devoniana.  Rio  Negro.    Bat.  2d  Cen.,  152. 

War.  Orch.,  37. 

Sert.  O,  37. 

Pax.  Mag.,  8,  145. 

I.  H,  176. 

B.  M.,  4610. 

This  species  is  epiphytal.  Perianth  orange-brown  ;  lip 
large,  curiously  marked  and  striped  with  deep  purple,  on 
a  ground  of  lilac,  white,  and  yellow.  Blooms  in  April 
and  May. 

The  terrestrial  species  should  be  treated  like  Bletias, 

the  bulbs  being  kept  nearly  dry  during  the  resting  season. 

Galeandra  Devoniana  should  be  grown  in  a  pot,  with 


284  ORCHIDS. 

peat,  and  good  drainage,  in  the  East  Indian  house.  The 
plants  are  deciduous,  producing  their  flower-spikes  <rom 
the  top  of  the  bulb  just  after  they  have  finished  their 
growth.  During  growth  they  need  shade,  a  moist  heat, 
and  plenty  of  water. 

Galeottia.     Lindley.     Epiphyte. 

Name  in  honor  of  Galeotti. 
C.  Galeottia  Beaumont i.     Bahia.     Lindley. 

Perianth  green,  with  brown  rays ;  lip  drawn  up  into  a 
horn,  white,  lighted  and  striped  with  rose,  edge  fringed. 
Known  also  as  Batemannia.  This  plant  may  be  grown 
on  wood  or  in  a  basket,  with  peat  and  moss.  See  also 
Batemannia. 

Gomezia. 
An  old  name  of  Rodriguezia. 

Gongora.     Ruiz  and  Pavon.     Epiphyte. 

Name  in  honor  of  Antonio  Gongora,  Viceroy  of  New  Granada. 
C.  Gongora  atropurpurea.    Demerara.    Hook.  Ex.,  178. 

B.  M.,  3220. 
Maund,  Bot,  108. 

Flowers  deep  purple.  There  are  many  varieties,  dif- 
fering in  the  size  of  the  flowers. 

C.  Gongora  bufonia B.  R.,  1841,  2. 

Flowers  dark  wine  color,  with  brownish  yellow  spots  ; 
edges  of  petals  dull  yellowish  white. 

C.  Gongora  fulva.    Demerara    ....     B.  R.,  25,  51. 

Flowers  beautiful  yellow,  spotted. 


DESCRIPTIVE  LIST.  285 

C.  Gongora  leucochila.    Guatemala   .     Fl.  des  Ser.,  i,  37. 

B.  R.,  33,  17- 

Resembles  Gongora  bufonia,  except  the  lip  is  wholly 
white. 

C.  Gongora  maculata.     Demerara     .     .     Card.  Mag.,  73. 

B.  M.,  3687. 

B.  R.,  1616. 

Sepals  brown,  spotted  with  purple  ;  petals  pale  purple, 
marked  with  deep  purple  j  lip  green,  spotted. 

Gongora  maculata  alba. 

Flowers  white,  spotted  on  the  lip  with  rose. 

C.  Gongora  maculata  tricolor.  Peru  .  B.  R.,  1847,  69. 
Flowers  clear  yellow  ;  petals  banded  with  sienna  ; 
sepals  marked  with  same  color  \  lip  white.  There  are 
many  varieties  of  Gongora  maculata^  differing  in  the 
shade  of  the  spots. 

C.  Gongora  nigrita.     Demerara. 
The  flowers  are  very  deep  brown. 

Gongora  fortentosa.     South  America    .     .     I.  H.,  3,  61. 
Flowers  very  pretty  ;  sepals  yellow  ;  petals  and  lip 
purplish. 

C.  Gongora  truncata.     Mexico    .     .     .     .     B.  R.,  31,  56. 
Perianth  creamy  white  ;  lip  yellow  and  white. 

C.  Gongora  vitellina.     Mexico. 

Flowers  brilliant  yellow,  slightly  spotted. 


286  ORCHIDS. 

These_  plants  are  all  very  curiously  formed,  the  flowers 
resembling  a  string  of  grasshoppers.  They  should  be 
grown  in  hanging  baskets,  in  moss  and  peat.  The  flower- 
spikes  are  very  long,  pendent,  and  freely  produced.  When 
in  growth  they  should  be  kept  moist  and  warm,  but  should 
have  a  long  rest.  Bloom  during  the  summer. 

Goody  era.     Brown.     Terrestrial. 

Dedicated  to  the  botanist  Goodyer. 

A.  Goodyera  Dawsoniana.     Malay  Islands. 

Fl.  des  Ser.,  1830. 

Leaves  blackish  green,  glossy  above,  with  lines  of 
golden  purple  curving  from  base  to  apex;  below,  dull 
purple.  Flowers  white,  very  pretty.  Called  also  An&c- 
tochilus. 

C.   Goodyera  discolor.     Brazil     .     .     .     Lodd.  Cab.,  143. 

B.  R.,  4,  271. 
B.  M.,  46,  2055. 

Flowers  in  spikes,  white  and  yellow,  produced  during 
the  winter.  Foliage  dark  evergreen,  velvety. 

B.  Goodyera  Dominii.     Hybrid. 
Leaves  velvet-bronze,  with  white  lines. 

B.  Goodyera  macrantha.    Japan   .     Fl.  des  Ser.,  1779-80. 
Leaves  dark  green,  bordered  and  lined  with  white; 
flowers  pink.     A  very  pretty  species. 

B.  Goodyera  picta  or  maculata. 
Leaves  light  green,  with  paler  markings. 


DESCRIPTIVE  LIST.  28? 

B.  Goodyera  rulrovenia.     Brazil. 

Foliage  velvet-bronze,  with  bands  of  red.  A  pretty 
and  distinct  species. 

B.   Goodyera  Veitchii.     Hybrid. 

A  cross  between  Goodyera  discolor  and  Anczctochilus 
Veitchii.  Leaves  deep  reddish  brown,  with  silver  mark- 
ings. 

B.  Goodyera  velutina.    Japan  .     .     Fl.  des  Ser.,  1779-80. 
Foliage  purplish  green,  marked  with  silver ;  flowers 
pink. 

Grow  in  pots,  with  leaf -mould  and  peat,  in  either  house. 
Give  plenty  of  water  at  the  roots  during  growth. 

There  are  many  other  species,  some  of  which  are  hardy. 
These  plants  are  sometimes  called  Hcemeria. 

Govenia.     Lindley.     Terrestrial. 

Dedicated  to  I.  R.  Gowan. 

B.  Govenia  fasciata.    Mexico  .     .     .     .     B.  R.,  1845,  ^7» 
Flowers   clear  yellow  ;  petals  and  sepals  beautifully 

marked  with  crimson  bands. 

C.  Govenia  Gardneri.    Brazil B.  M.,  3660. 

Flowers  pale  yellow.     Of  easy  culture,  floriferous. 

C.  Govenia  liliaccea.   Mexico Fl.  Cab.,  68. 

B.  R.,  24,  13. 

Flowers  sulphur-white,  striped  with  reddish  purple. 
The  Mexican  name  of  this  plant  is  Iztactcfctzacuxochitl 
icohucyo. 


288  ORCHIDS. 

C.  Govenia  superba.    Mexico    .     .     .     Fl.  Cab.,  41. 

Lodd.  Cab.,  1709. 

B.  R.,  1795. 

Flowers  orange,  marked  with  blood-red,  of  an  agree- 
able perfume. 

The  plants  of  this  genus  lose  their  leaves  and  stalks 
annually.  It  is  well,  when  the  stalks  decay,  to  take  up 
the  bulbs  and  keep  them  dry  for  three  months.  Plant 
them  in  peat,  leaf-mould,  and  potsherds,  with  good  drain- 
age, regulating  water  according  to  the  degree  of  growth. 

Grammatophyllum.     Bhime.     Epiphyte. 

Name  from  ypdfj.jj.a,  a  letter,  and  fyvXXov,  a  leaf. 
A.  Grammatophyllum  Ellisii.     Madagascar. 

Fl.  des  Ser.,  1488. 
B.  M.,  5179. 
Bat.  2d  Cen.,  176. 

Flowers  tawny  yellow,  outside ;  dull  yellow,  banded 
with  brown,  inside ;  lip  white,  marked  with  pink. 

A.   Grammatophyllum  multiflorum.     Philippines. 

Pax.  Mag.,  6,  217. 

B.  R.,  1835,  65. 

Perianth  beautiful  brown,  edged  with  green  ;  lip  yel- 
low, marked  and  striped  with  brown. 

A.  Grammatophyllum  tigrinum.     East  Indies. 

B.  R.,  28,  69. 

Pax.  Mag.,  6,  217. 

Perianth  pale  green,  richly  marked  with  yellowish 
brown ;  lip  yellow,  striped  with  vermilion.  The  flowers 
last  long  in  perfection. 


DESCRIPTIVE  LIST.  289 

A.  Grammatophyllum  speciosum.   East 

Indies G.  and  S. 

SYNS.  Angracum  scriptum         Pax.  Fl.  G.,  69. 

(Rumphius).  B.  M.,  5157. 

CymUdium  scriptum         Lem.  Jard.,  235. 

(Schwartz).  Fl.  des  Ser.,  1386. 

Epidendrum  scriptum       Bat.  2d  Cen.,  181. 

(Linn.). 

Gabertia  scripta  (Gaudichaud). 

Flowers  greenish,  orange-yellow,  marked  with  brown. 
Plant  six  feet  high. 

This  genus  should  be  grown  in  well-drained  pots, 
with  no  mixture  of  moss,  in  peat,  in  the  East  Indian 
house.  They  need  a  hot  place.  Propagated  by  division. 

Grobya.     Lindley.     Epiphyte. 

Dedicated  to  Lord  Grey,  of  Groby. 

C.   Grobya  Amherstia.     Brazil B.  R.,  1740. 

Flowers  yellowish  green,  marked  with  brown.  The 
clear  color  of  the  flowers  and  their  profusion  render  the 
plant  desirable. 

G.  Grobya  gakata.     Brazil B.  R.,  1740. 

Flowers  green,  marked  with  purple. 

These  plants  should  be  grown  in  well-drained  pots, 
and  should  go  to  rest  after  flowering. 

19 


ORCHIDS: 


H. 

Habenaria.      Willdenow.      Terrestrial. 

Name  from  habena,  a  rein. 

These  plants  were  formerly  a  part  of  the  genus  Orchis. 
There  are  many  species,  but  none  particularly  desirable 
for  house  culture.  Many  are  hardy. 

The  following  are  species  :  — 
Habenaria  gigantea.     B.  M.,  3374. 
H.  goody  er  aides.     B.  M.,  3397. 
H.  macroceras  (Schwartz).     B.  M.,  2947. 
H.  marginata.     Hook.  Ex.,  136. 
H*  membranacea, 
H.procera.     B.  R.,  1858. 

Hsemeria. 
See  Goodyera. 

Hartwegia.     Lindley.     Epiphyte. 

Dedicated  to  Mr.  Hartweg. 

The  two  species,  Hartwegia  purpurea  and  H.  angnsti- 
folia,  are  not  desirable,  except  in  a  large  collection;  the 
former,  however,  is  a  pretty  little  plant,  with  spotted  foli- 
age and  long  slender  spikes  of  purplish  pink  flowers; 
it  takes  but  little  space,  grows  freely  on  a  block,  and  is 
always  in  bloom.  Both  species  are  natives  of  Mexico. 
Figured  in  Ref.  Bot,  94. 

Helcia.     Lindley.     Epiphyte. 

Name  from  heldiim,  a  horse  collar. 
Helcia  sanguinoknta.     Peru    .     .     .     Reich.  Xen.,  2,  131. 


DESCRIPTIVE  LIST.  29 1 

A  handsome  plant,  resembling  both  Trichopilia  and 
Aspasia.  Pseudo-bulbs  small,  smooth,  terminated  by  one 
broad  leaf ;  flowers  in  profusion  on  single  stalks  from  the 
base  of  the  bulbs ;  sepals  and  petals  yellowish,  beauti- 
fully ocellated  with  reddish  brown;  lip  large,  white, 
marked  with  purplish  crimson. 

Should  be  grown  in  the  cool  house,  in  the  shade,  in  a 
pot,  with  peat  and  moss.  Propagated  by  division. 

Houlletia.     Brongniart.     Epiphyte. 
Dedicated  to  Houllet,  a  French  gardener. 

B.  Houlletia  Brockkhurstiana.    Brazil.    Pes.,  36. 

Pax.  Mag.,  9,  49. 

B.  M.,  4072. 

Sert.  O.,  43. 

Perianth  richly  checkered  with  brown ;  lip  yellow, 
marked  with  purple  ;  very  fragrant. 

Houlletia  chrysantha.     Brazil I.  H.,  71. 

A  beautiful  species,  with  golden-yellow  flowers. 

Hotilktia  odoratissima.     New  Granada  .     .     Pes.,  3. 

L  H.,  3,  12. 
A  fine  species,  with  orange-brown  flowers  and  white 

HP. 

Houlletia  odoratissima  antioquiensis. 

A  variety  with  blood-red  sepals  and  petals ;  lip  long, 
white,  tinged  with  yellow. 

B.  Houlletia  stapeliczflora. 

Differs  but  little  from  Houlletia  Brockkhurstiana^  of 
which  it  is  probably  a  variety. 


ORCHIDS. 


Houlletia  tigrina.     Colombia  ......     I.  H.,  612. 

Flowers  yellow  and  brown;  lip  white,  dotted  with 
brown,  and  barred  with  light  purple. 

B.  Houlletia  vittata.     Brazil    .....     B.  R.,  27,  69. 

Perianth  yellow,  striped  with  brown  ;  lip  yellow,  striped 
with  orange. 

These  plants  should  be  grown  in  well-drained  pots,  in 
peat,  and  need  plenty  of  moisture  and  frequent  watering 
when  in  full  growth.  During  the  resting  season  they 
should  be  kept  in  the  cold  house,  nearly  dry. 

The  genus  seems  to  be  neglected  by  Orchid  growers, 
but  for  no  good  reason.  All  the  species  are  of  easy  cul- 
ture, bloom  freely,  and  are  very  handsome. 

Huntleya.     Lindley.     Epiphyte. 

Name  for  Rev.  Mr.  Huntley,  a  zealous  amateur. 
A.  Huntleya  albidofulva.  Brazil  .  .  .  .  I.  H.,  556. 
A  distinct  and  strong-growing  species  ;  flowers  very 
large,  on  single  scapes,  from  base;  sepals  and  petals 
white,  tipped  with  tawny  yellow  ;  lip  white,  with  red  tip. 
A  very  showy  plant. 

Huntleya  Candida.     SYN.  of  Warscewicsella  Candida. 

A.  Huntleya  cerina.     Costa  Rica  .     .     Fl.  des  Ser.,  1815. 

F.  M.,  2,  93. 
B.  M.,  5598. 
Bat.  2d  Cen.,  183. 

Flowers  straw-color  and  yellow  in  spring.  A  very 
showy  and  desirable  species. 

Known  also  as  Pescatorea  and  Zygopetalum. 


DESCRIPTIVE  LIST.  293 

Huntleya  cochlearis.     See  Warscewicsella. 
Huntleya  marginata.     See  Warrea  quadrata. 
Htmtleya  Mekagris.     See  Batemania  Meleagris. 

A.  Htmtleya  violacea.     Brazil     .     .     .     Pax.  Mag.,  8,  i. 

Fl.  des  Ser.,  678. 

Sert.  O.,  26. 

Perianth  violet ;  lip  striped  with  violet,  and  edged  with 
delicate  gray.  Blooms  at  different  seasons. 

Known  also  as  Bollea  violacea  and  Pescatorea  violacea. 

B.  Huntleya  Wailesii.     Brazil. 

Flowers  white  and  purple  in  the  autumn. 

Huntleya  Wallisii.  Ecuador  .  .  Fl.  des  Ser.,  1828,  as 

Pescatorea. 

A  fine  species,  resembling  Huntleya  cerina,  but  with 
larger  flowers. 

Sepals  and  petals  cream-color,  tipped  with  violet ;  base 
of  column  dark  violet. 

These  plants  have  no  pseudo-bulbs ;  the  foliage  is 
evergreen,  the  blossoms  large.  They  should  be  grown  in 
pots  in  peat,  well-drained  ;  should  have  but  a  short  sea- 
son of  rest ;  should  be  kept  in  the  shade ;  in  growth 
have  a  liberal  supply  of  moisture,  and  of  water  at  the 
roots,  and  should  never  be  allowed  to  be  wholly  dry.  The 
flowers  are  fragrant. 


294  ORCHIDS. 

I. 

lonopsis.     Humboldt  and  Knnz.     Epiphyte. 

Name  from  tov,  a  violet,  and  ftyts,  resemblance. 
lonopsis  paniculata.     Brazil       .     .     .     B.  M.,  5541. 

Bat.  2d  Cen.,  184. 

A  plant  of  delicate  growth,  with  small  leaves  and 
pseudo-bulbs.  The  flower  spikes  are  large,  the  flowers 
vary  much  in  color,  from  pure  white  to  yellowish  white, 
and  are  often  marked  with  blush  and  violet.  It  is  a  very 
free  bloomer,  and  will  exhaust  itself  if  some  of  the  flowers 
are  not  removed.  The  flowers  are  shaped  like  a  violet. 
Grow  upon  a  block,  with  moss,  in  a  cool  house,  near  the 
glass. 

lonopsis  tenera B.  R.,  1904. 

Is  same  as  the  last. 

lonopsis  utrkuloides,  or  Gardneriana  .     .     Hook.  Ex.,  39. 
lonopsis  rosea  is  a  variety  of  lonopsis  paniculata. 

Ipsea.     Lindley.     Terrestrial. 

Name  unexplained. 

Ipsea  spedosa.     Ceylon B.  M.,  5701. 

A  charming  and  rare  plant,  with  very  large,  bright, 
golden  flowers ;  lip  streaked  with  carmine.  Resembles 
a  Bktia  in  habit,  and  requires  similar  treatment. 

Isochilus.     Brown.     Epiphyte. 

Name  from  foos,  equal,  and  x€l/^oy>  lip- 
All  plants  of  this  genus  are  inconspicuous. 


DESCRIPTIVE  LIST.  295 

Isochilus  graminoides.     Hook.  Ex.,  196. 
/.  limaris.     B.  R.,  745. 
/.  proliferus.    B.  R.,  825. 


Lacsena.     Lindley.     Epiphyte. 

A  name  of  Helen,  applied  because  of  the  beauty  of  the  plant. 

B.  Lacczna  bicolor.  Guatemala  .  .  .  B.  R.,  1844,  50. 
A  plant  with  the  general  aspect  of  a  Gongora,  but  with 
long  pendulous  racemes  of  large  greenish  white  flowers, 
with  white  lip,  with  rich  purple  markings.  Should  be 
grown  in  a  basket,  with  peat  and  moss. 

Laelia.     Lindley.      Epiphyte. 

A  complimentary  name. 

B.  L&lia  acuminata.     Guatemala  .     .     B.  M.,  4905. 

Pax.  Mag.,  10,  49. 

B.  R.,  1844,  24. 

Fl.  des  Ser.,  9. 

Perianth  rosy  white ;  lip  white,  with  dark  purple  spot. 
Blooms  in  December  and  January.  A  very  pretty,  free- 
growing  plant,  easily  bloomed;  does  equally  well  in  a  pot 
or  on  a  block.  The  variety  Z.  acuminata  violacea  has  rosy 
violet  flowers.  Called  in  its  native  country  Flor  de  Jesu. 

C.  Lcelia  albida.     Mexico B.  M.,  3957. 

B.  R.,  1839,  54- 

Flowers  white,  tinted  with  yellowish ;  lip  white,  with 
yellow  markings  and  purple  spots  near  base.  Blooms  in 
December  and  January. 

L<zlia  albida  superb  a  has  larger  flowers. 


296  ORCHIDS. 

L&lia  albida  Mariana  has  flesh-colored  petals  and 
mauve  lip. 

Lalia  albida  rosea  (F.  M.,  335)  is  a  charming  plant 
with  delicate,  rosy  white  flowers. 

This  is  a  beautiful  winter-blooming  plant,  valuable  for 
its  color  and  the  delightful  fragrance  of  the  blossoms.  It 
is  the  best  of  the  Lcelias  to  grow  for  cut  flowers.  Care 
must  be  taken  not  to  keep  it  too  hot ;  it  thrives  best  with 
cool  culture. 

A.  Lalia  anceps.     Mexico Pax.  Mag.,  4,  73. 

B.  R.,  1751. 
B.  M.,  3804. 
Jen.  Orch.,  6. 

Perianth  lilac-rose ;  lip  rich  velvety  purple  outside, 
marked  with  crimson  and  veined  with  yellow  inside.  The 
flowers,  which  are  produced  in  December  and  January, 
two  to  five,  on  long  stems,  are  three  or  four  inches  across. 

B.  Lalia  anceps  Barkeriana  .     .     .     .     Fl.  des  Ser.,  noo. 

B.  R.,  1947- 

This  plant  differs  from  the  last  in  having  narrower 
petals,  and  a  narrower  and  shorter  lip. 

Lcelia  anceps  Dawsoniana      .     .     .     .     Fl.  Mag.,  530. 

War.  Orch,,  2,  34. 

Jen.  Orch.,  6. 

A  magnificent  variety,  with  creamy  white  flowers,  and 
large  purple  mark  on  the  lip.  Very  few  plants  were  dis- 
covered, and  it  will  long  be  a  scarce  plant. 


DESCRIPTIVE  LIST.  297 

Lalia  anceps  delicatum. 

A  variety  producing  many  flowers  on  a  stalk.  Flowers 
purplish  white. 

There  are  many  other  varieties,  the  difference  being 
merely  shades  of  color.  This  is  a  very  useful  plant, 
easily  grown,  free-blooming,  and  of  neat  habit.  If  re- 
moved to  the  parlor  when  in  bloom  it  will  last  in  full 
beauty  six  weeks,  and  the  flowers,  if  cut,  last  long  in 
water.  Our  best  plants  are  grown  in  baskets,  but  it  does 
well  with  pot  culture. 

A.  Lcelia  autumnalis.     Guatemala     .     Pax.  Mag.,  6,  121. 
SYN.    Bletia  autumnalis  (La          Bat.,  9. 

Llave).  B.  R.,  1839,  27. 

B.  M,  3817. 
Fl.  des  Ser.,  17. 

Perianth  delicate  rosy  purple  ;  lip  almost  white,  tipped 
with  rosy  lilac  ;  centre  not  yellow.  Blooms  in  December 
and  January,  producing  from  five  to  fifteen  flowers  on  a 
spike.  The  plant  bears  a  great  resemblance  to  Lcelia 
anceps,  but  the  flowers  are  very  different ;  they  have  a 
peculiar  glistening  vitreous  appearance  which  is  very 
beautiful.  They  are  fragrant,  but  not  agreeably  so. 

Lcelia  Boothiana.     SYN.  of  Cattleya  lobata. 

A.  Lcelia  Brysiana.     Brazil I.  H.,  134. 

A  strong-growing  species,  with  dark  evergreen  foliage. 
Flowers  three  or  four  on  a  spike,  very  large  j  light  rose, 
with  darker  markings  ;  lip  deep  crimson.  A  very  distinct 
plant  from  Lcelia  purpurata,  with  which  it  is  often  con- 
founded. 


298  ORCHIDS. 

Lcelia  caulescent.     SYN.  of  Lcelia  flava. 

A.  Lcelia  rinnabarina.     Rio  Janeiro.     Sert.  O.,  tab.  28. 

B.  M.,  4302. 
Pax.  Mag.,  7,  193. 

Sepals  and  petals  long  and  narrow,  of  cinnamon-red ; 
lip  orange-yellow,  striped  with  red.  Blooms  in  March, 
April,  and  May. 

Lcelia  cinnalarina  aurantiaca. 

Merely  differs  from  the  species  in  the  shade  of  the 
perianth.  This  is  a  very  beautiful  Orchid.  The  flowers 
are  graceful  and  of  long  duration,  and  the  color  remark- 
able. 

Lcelia  crispa.     See  Cattleya  crispa. 

B.  Lcelia  crispilabia.    Brazil  ....     War.  Orch.,  2,  6. 
A  delicate  species,  with  narrow  pseudo-bulbs,  crowned 

by  a  single  dark  green  leaf,  and  bearing  a  spike  of  three 
to  six  pretty  purple  flowers.  Called,  also,  Lcelia  Lawren- 
tiana. 

A.  Lcelia  elegans.     Caracas  ....     Pes.,  22. 

I.  H.,  402. 

B.  M.,  4700. 

War.  Orch.,  6, 12. 

War.  Orch.,  2,  29, 

variety. 

Sepals  and  petals  pale  rosy  purple,  suffused  with 
lighter  or  darker  shades ;  lip  brilliant  purple.  This  is  a 
very  beautiful  species,  varying  much  in  color  of  the  flow- 
ers, but  all  beautiful.  Known,  also,  as  Cattleya  elegans. 


DESCRIPTIVE  LIST.  299 

Lalia  erubescent.     See  Lalia  rubescens. 

A.  Lcelia  flava.     Mexico B.  R.,  28,  62. 

SYN.  Lcelia  caulescens. 

A  very  pretty  plant,  bearing  in  March  a  piofusion  of 
bright  canary-colored  flowers.  A  desirable  species,  grow- 
ing freely  and  always  giving  good  bloom. 

C.  Lcelia  furfuracea.     Oaxaca     .     .     .     B.  M.,  3810. 

B.  R.,  1839,  26- 

A  species  resembling  Lcelia  autumnalis,  but  with  less 
brilliant  flowers.  It  differs  in  the  leaves  also,  which,  in- 
stead of  being  two  or  more  together,  are  often  solitary, 
and  are  erect  and  straight,  instead  of  being  curved  and 
bent.  The  scape,  also,  bears  but  one  flower,  which  has 
no  perfume. 

A.  Lcelia  gigantea.     Brazil War.  Orch.,  6. 

SYN.  Lczlia  grandiflora. 

A  fine  species  with  very  large  flowers,  delicate  lilac, 
marked  with  rosy  purple.  It  is  one  of  the  most  showy  of 
the  Lcelias. 

A.  Lcelia  grandis.     Bahia   .     .     .     .     B.  M.,  5553. 

Bat.  2d  Cen.,  136. 

Perianth  nankeen-yellow  j  lip  white,  striped  with  crim- 
son. Flowers  very  large  and  of  long  duration.  A  sum- 
mer bloomer. 

Lcelia  harpophylla.     Brazil  .     ....     .     F.  M.,  2,  70. 

A  species  resembling  Lcelia  cinnabarina.  Flowers  red- ' 
dish  orange  ;  very  large ;  lip  peculiarly  notched. 


300  ORCHIDS. 

A.  L&lia  irrorata.     Brazil.    .     .     .     Reich.  Xen.,  2,  115. 
A  very  beautiful  and  rare  species.    Flowers  rosy  white ; 

lip  crimson-purple.     Blooms  in  summer. 

Lczlia  Jongheana.     Brazil F.  M.,  2,  177. 

B.  M.,  6038. 

A  dwarf-growing  plant,  similar  in  habit  to  Cattleya  bul- 
bosa,  but  easily  distinguished  by  its  olive-green  pseudo- 
bulbs,  which  are  without  stripes.  The  flowers  are  also 
borne  in  a  different  manner.  Color  crimson-purple  ;  lip 
same  color,  crimped  and  marked  with  yellow. 

Lcelia  Lawrenceana. 

A  name  of  Lcelia  crispilabia* 

B.  Lcelia  Lindleyana.    Brazil     .     .     .     Bat.  2d  Cen.,  175. 
A  delicate  and  pretty  species,  not  very  showy,  but  well 

worth  growing.  Flower  white,  clouded  with  purple ;  lip 
white,  with  purple  base.  Blooms  in  winter,  and  often 
again  in  autumn.  Also  known  as  Cattleya  Lindleyana. 

Lcelia  lobata.     SYN.  of  Cattleya  lobata. 

A.  Lcelia  majalis.     Oaxaca      .     .     .     Bot.,  Reg.  30,  30. 
SYN.  Cattleya  Grahamii  (Lind-    Bat.,  tab.  23. 

ley).  Pax.  Mag.,  12,  i. 

B.  M.,  5567. 
Jen.  Orch.,  41. 
I.  H.,  573. 

Flowers  four  inches  across,  delicate  rosy  purple ;  lip 
striped  and  spotted  with  chocolate.  This  plant  is  difficult 
to  flower.  The  most  successful  cultivators  grow  it  on  a 
block,  in  a  well-aired  cool  house,  and  give  very  little 


DESCRIPTIVE  LIST.  30! 

water  in  winter     The  flower  springs  from  the  centre  of 
the  new  bulb. 

Lalia  marginata.     SYN.  of  Cattleya  marginata. 

A.  Lcelia  peduncular  is.     Guatemala.     .     B.  M.,  4099. 

B.  R.,  1845,  69- 

Flowers  delicate  rosy  purple,  with  a  deep  purple  spot 
on  the  centre  of  the  lip.  A  very  neat-growing  species, 
flowering  freely  in  February.  Our  best  plants  are  grown 
in  baskets  suspended  in  full  light. 

A.  Lalia  Perrinii.     Brazil  ....     Pax.  Mag.,  13,    5. 

B.  R.,  1842,  62. 

Perianth  rosy  lilac  ;  lip  delicate  purple,  white,  and  yel- 
low, with  crimson  tip.  The  plant  grows  and  blooms  like 
a  Cattleya.  The  flowers  are  large,  procured  in  October 
and  November.  A  beautiful  species. 

B.  Lczlia  Pilcheri.     Hybrid F.  M.,  340. 

A  cross  between  Lalia  Perrinii  and  Cattleya  crispa. 
Sepals  and  petals  rose  \  lip  purple,  with  white  throat. 

A.  Lalia  prastans.     Brazil  .     .     .     Fl.  des  Ser.,  1900. 

Bat.  2d  Cen.,  128. 
I.  H.,  193, 

as  Cattleya  pumila. 
B.  M,  5498. 

A  dwarf  free-blooming  species,  producing  its  solitary 
flowers  twice  a  year.  Flowers  lilac-rose,  with  deep  crim- 
son-purple lip.  Grow  on  a  block  or  in  a  basket. 

Lalia  pumila.     SYN.  of  Cattleya  pumila. 


3O2  ORCHIDS. 

A.  Lcelia  purpurata.     Brazil   .    Pes.,  37. 

I.  H.,  83. 

War.  Orch.,  40. 

Pax.  Fl.  G.,  96. 

Fl.  des  Ser.,  1138,  1494. 

A  large-growing  plant,  one  of  the  most  magnificent  of 
Orchids.  The  flowers  are  produced  from  a  long  spathe, 
resembling  Cattleya  labiata,  on  a  scape  bearing  from  one 
to  six  flowers,  five  inches  in  diameter,  varying  in  color 
from  rose  to  pure  white ;  lip  very  large,  crimson-purple, 
but  varying  much  in  intensity.  A  summer  bloomer,  last- 
ing long  in  perfection.  There  are  many  varieties,  but  we 
have  never  seen  a  poor  one. 

B.  Lcelia  rubescens Fl.  des  Ser.,  742. 

B.  R.,  26,  41. 

Perianth  white,  delicately  tipped  with  green  at  the 
outer  edge  of  the  segments ;  lip  white,  with  a  yellow  cen- 
tre and  a  deep  purple  spot  at  the  base. 

A.  Lcelia  Schilleriana.     Brazil. 

A  species  resembling  Lcelia  elegans.  Flower  white,  with 
deep  crimson  lip.  A  showy  plant. 

Lcelia  Schilleriana  splmdens. 

Is  a  very  fine  variety,  with"  large  rosy  blossoms  ;  lip 
magenta,  with  yellow  throat.  This  plant  blooms  twice  a 
year* 

Lcelia  Stelzneriana  .     ....     .     .     Fl.  des  Ser.,  1494. 

Is  a  variety  of  Lcelia  pyrpurata. 


DESCRIPTIVE  LIST.  303 

A.  Ltzlia  superbiens.     Guatemala  .     .     Bat,  38. 

Pax.  Mag.,  n,  97. 

B.  M.,  4090. 

War.  Orch.,  20. 

Perianth  violet-rose,  striped  with  deeper  shades  ;  lip 
rich  crimson,  striped  with  yellow.  The  flowers  are  pro- 
duced ten  to  twenty  on  a  spike,  each  measuring  three  or 
four  inches  across,  during  the  winter,  on  a  spike  four  or 
five  feet  long. 

A.  Lcelia  Turneri.     Brazil    ....     Bat.  2d  Cen.,  156. 

War.  Orch.,  12. 

A  fine  species  with  large  highly-colored  flowers,  often 
six  inches  across.  Color  deep  rosy  pink,  with  white  and 
magenta  lip. 

B.  Lcelia  violacea.     Guatemala. 

A  species  resembling  Lcelia  rubescens. 

Lcelia  Wolstenholmce. 

A  very  distinct  variety  of  Lcelia  elegans,  with  light  ame- 
thyst flowers,  with  deep  purple  lip.  Figured  in  Warner's 
Orchids,  second  series,  29. 

B.  Lczlia  xanthina.    Brazil    ....     Bat.  2d  Cen.,  180. 

B.  M.,  5144. 

Flowers  dull  orange-yellow;  lip  whitish,  shaded  with 
orange-red  lines. 

These  plants  require  the  same  treatment  as  Cattleyas. 
They  should  be  grown  in  the  Mexican  house.  Lcelia  tin- 
nabarina,  L.  flava,  L.  peduncularis,  L.  superbiens,  L.  Per- 


304  ORCHIDS. 

rinii,  L.  purpurata,  and  others  in  well  drained  pots ;  the 
dwarf  species  on  blocks.  L.  Perrinii  requires  a  little 
more  heat  than  other  species.  All  Lcelias  like  plenty  of 
light.  They  are  of  very  easy  culture  and  seldom  fail  to 
bloom  freely. 

The  genus  is  closely  related  to  Cattleya,  being  distin- 
guished by  having  eight  instead  of  four  pollinia,  and 
many  species  are  known  indiscriminately  by  either  name. 
Although  some  species  are  much  more  showy  than  others, 
and  many  are  among  the  most  beautiful  of  orchidaceous 
plants,  there  is  not,  in  the  whole  family,  a  plant  which  is 
not  worth  growing. 

Lseliopsis.     Lindley.     Epiphyte. 

Name  from  Lalia,  and  ttyis,  resemblance. 

Lceliopsis  domingensis.     St.  Domingo  .     Pax.  Fl.  G.,  105. 

Card.  Mag.,  211. 
Lem.  Jard.,  172, 

as  Broughtonia. 

A  very  beautiful  plant,  closely  allied  to  Cattleya.  It  is 
of  dwarf  habit,  producing  the  flower-spike  from  the  top 
of  the  two-leaved  pseudo-bulb.  The  flowers  are  lilac, 
with  a  pink  crimped  lip,  and  white  throat  with  yellow 
lines. 

It  is  best  grown  on  a  block,  with  a  little  moss,  with 
plenty  of  heat,  but  rather  dry  when  at  rest. 

These  plants  are  easily  grown  and  flower  freely.  Its 
botanical  place  was  for  a  while  a  puzzle.  It  is  not  a 
Lcelia,  because  it  has  only  four  pollen  masses;  not  a 
Broughtonia,  for  it  has  no  long  external  spur  and  dicur- 


DESCRIPTIVE  LIST.  305 

rent  sepal ;  not  an  Epidendrum,  for  it  wants  the  unguicu- 
late  lip,  more  or  less  united  to  the  column ;  not  a  Cattleya, 
for  the  flowers  are  membranous,  the  veins  of  the  lip 
bearded,  and  the  habit  different.  So  a  new  genus  was 
constituted  to  which  this  plant  and  those  known  as  Lalia 
Lindenii,  Epidendrum  cubense,  and  Broughtonia  chinensis 
will  belong. 

Lep  totes.     Lindley.     Epiphyte. 

Name  from  ACTTT 6s,  slender. 

B.  Leptotes  bicolor.     Brazil B.  R.,  1625. 

Flowers  white,  with  purple   spot  on  lip.     Blooms  in 

winter.     A  charming  little  plant. 

C.  Leptotes  bicolor  glaucescens.     Brazil     .     .     B.  M.,  3734. 
Only  differs  from  the  species  in  having  glaucous  leaves. 

C.  Leptotes  concolor. 

Flower  white,  purple  shade  at  base  of  lip. 

B.  Leptotes  serrulata.     Brazil Sert.  O.,  1 1. 

A  species  resembling  Leptotes  bicolor,  but  of  larger 
growth ;  the  spot  on  the  lip  is  a  deeper  purple.  Blooms 
in  April  and  May. 

These  plants  will  thrive  in  either  house,  on  blocks  with 
moss,  or  in  pots  with  peat.  They  need  liberal  waterings 
in  the  growing  season.  Propagated  by  division.  They 
are  remarkable  for  having  the  sepals  and  petals  nearly 
linear.  They  are  very  pretty  and  bloom  freely.  The  fo- 
liage is  thick  and  rush-like,  channeled  on  the  upper  side. 
20 


306  ORCHIDS. 

Limatodes.     Blume.     Terrestrial. 

Name  unexplained. 
A.  Limatodes  rosea.     Moulmein    .     .     .     B.  M.,  5312. 

Pax.  Fl.  G.,  81. 

A  very  pretty  plant,  allied  to*  Calanthe,  with  long  fusi- 
form pseudo-bulbs.  The  flowers,  which  are  of  every 
shade,  from  pure  white  to  deepest  pink,  are  produced  on 
a  tall  spike,  from  the  base  of  the  bulb,  after  the  foliage 
has  died  away. 

This  is  one  of  the  parents  of  the  beautiful  hybrid 
Calanthe  Veitchii.  Blooms  from  December  to  March. 

These  plants  require  the  same  general  treatment  as 
Calanthe  vestita;  to  be  potted  in  peat  and  leaf  mould, 
with  good  drainage,  have  plenty  of  water  and  heat  during 
growth,  and  a  rest  after  flowering. 


Limodorum.     Tournefort. 

A  name  formerly  given  to  many  Orchids,  which  are 
now  referred  to  other  genera ;  for  instance  :  — 

Limodorum  altum,  verecundum,  trifidum,  and  tuberosum  are 

Bletia  verecunda. 

L.  eburneum  is  Angracum  eburneum. 
L.  ensatum  is  Cymbidium  ensifolium. 
L.fakatum  is  Angrczcum  fakatum. 
L.  hyacinthinum  and  striatum  are  Bletia  hyacinthina. 
L.  IncarvillicE  and  Tankervillitz  are  Phajus  grandifolius. 
L.  latifolium  is  Aerides  odoratum. 
L.  longifolium  is  Cymbidium  giganteiun. 
L.  pendulum  is  Cymbidium  pendulum. 
L.  purpureum  is  Epidendrum  atropurpureum. 


DESCRIPTIVE  LIST.  3O/ 

L.  retusum  is  Saccolabhim  guttatum. 

L.  unguiculatum  is  Sarcochilus  unguiculatus. 

L.  ventricosum  and  veratrifolium  are  Calanthe  bicolor. 


Liparis.     Richard.     Epiphyte  and  Terrestrial. 

Name  from  \nrap6s,  oily,  shining. 

These  plants   are    of    little  intere.ct   to   the    amateur. 
There  are  some  fifty  varieties.     We  give  a  few. 

EPIPHYTES. 
Liparis  anceps. 
L.  ccespitosa. 

Z.  elata.     B.  R.,  1175  ;  B.  C.,  1558. 
L.  longipes.     Linaley. 
L.  pendula. 

TERRESTRIAL 

L.  bituberculata. 

L.  elegans. 

L.flavescens. 

L.foliosa.    B.  R.,  882;  B.  M.,  2709  ;  Lodd.  Cab.,  1097. 

L.  guineensis.     B.  R.,  20,  1671. 

L.  nepalensis. 

L.  purpurescens. 

L.  Walkeriana.     B.  M.,  66,  3770. 

Lissochilus.     Brown.     Terrestrial. 

Name  from  AtoWs,  smooth,  and  x€^05>  ^P- 
A.  Lissochilus  Horsfallii.  Old  Calabar.  B.  M.,  5486. 

Bat.  2d  Cen.,  121. 

A  tall-growing  plant,  resembling  Phajus  grandifolius, 
producing  a  tall  spike  of  brown  and  white  flowers,  with 
purple  and  green  lip. 


3O8  ORCHIDS. 

A.  Lissochilus  Krebsii.     Natal B.  M.,  5861. 

Sepals  green,  barred  with  chocolate ;  petals  bright  yel- 
low ;  lip  yellowish  white,  marked  with  crimson. 

B.  Lissochilus  macranthus.     Cape  of  Good  Hope. 

A.  Lissochilus  roseus.     Sierra  Leone    .     .     B.  R.,  30,  12. 
Petals  brilliant  rose  ;  sepals  velvety  brown  ;  lip  yellow. 

B.  Lissochilus  speciosus.     Cape  of  Good  Hope. 

Pax.  Mag.,  4,  25. 

B.  R.,  573- 
B.  Lissochilus  streptopetalus. 

Sepals  green,  marked  with  purple  ;  petals  and  lip  egg- 
yellow. 

These  plants  are  grown  like  Bletia. 


Luddemannia.     Reichenbach.     Epiphyte. 

Complimentary  to  M.  Ludclemann. 
B.  Luddemannia  Pescatorei.     South  America. 

SYNS.  Cycnoches  Pescatorei.      Reich.  Xen.,  i,  70,  as 
Cycnoches  Lindleyii.  Acineta  cryptodonta* 

Pes.,  i,  23. 

A  plant  much  resembling  Acineta  Barkeri  in  habit,  but 
with  flowers  resembling  a  Lacczna.  The  flower  spike  is 
pendulous,  very  long,  producing  thirty  or  more  rather 
small  flowers,  with  brownish  yellow  sepals  and  clear  yel- 
low petals ;  lip  yellow,  with  green  base.  Culture  the 
same  as  Acineta,  in  baskets  in  moss  and  peat.  A  rare 
plant. 


DESCRIPTIVE  LIST.  309 

Luisia.     Lindley.     Epiphyte. 
Name  not  explained. 

Luisia  Psyche.     Burmah B.  M.,  5558. 

Bat.  2d  Cen.,  174, 

A  singular  plant,  resembling  in  growth  Vanda  teres. 
Flowers  two  or  three  together,  on  a  very  short  spike  ; 
sepals  and  petals  pale  yellowish  green ;  lip  dark  violet 
purple,  on  green  ground. 

There  are  other  species,  mostly  with  inconspicuous 
flowers.  Luisia  volucris  has  flowers  which  are  said  to 
resemble  birds  with  narrow,  outspread  wing.  They  may 
all  be  grown  on  blocks,  in  the  hottest  house. 

Lycaste.     Lindley.     Epiphyte. 

From  Lycaste,  mythological. 

B.  Lycaste  aromatica.     Mexico     .     .     .     Hook  Ex.,  219. 

B.  R.,  1871. 

Perianth  greenish  yellow;  lip  golden  yellow;  very 
fragrant  and  desirable. 

C.  Lycaste  Barringtonice.    Jamaica    .     Lodd.  Cab.,  1824. 

SYNS.  Epidendrum  Barringtonice.  B.  R.,  1206. 
Colax  Barringtonice. 
Dendrobium  Barringtonice. 
Maxillaria  Barringtonice. 
Maxillaria  ciliata. 
Dendrobium  ciliatum. 

Flowers  variegated  white,  yellow,  and  brown ;  lip  pure 
white,  with  yellow  base.  This  species  needs  plenty  of 
heat. 


3ro  ORCHIDS. 

Ly caste  Barringtonice  grandiflora  .     .     .     .     B.  M.,  5706. 
A  very  fine  variety,  with  large  white  flowers. 

Ly caste  citrina. 

A  species  resembling  Lycaste  Harrisonice.  Sepals  and 
petals  lemon  color ;  lip  white  and  lilac. 

A.  Lycaste  cruenta.     Guatemala  .     .     .     B.  R.,  1812,  13. 
Perianth    apple-green ;    lip   yellow,    with    dark    spot. 

Flowers  very  freely  in  March  and  April.  A  desirable 
species.  M.  aromatica  is  often  sold  for  this,  but  the 
species  are  very  distinct. 

B.  Lycaste  cruenta  major. 
Has  larger  flowers. 

B.  Lycaste  Deppei.     Xalapa      .     .     .     B.  M.,  3395. 

Pax.  Mag.,  2,  268. 
Lodd.  Cab.,  1612. 

Sepals  green,  marked  with  purple  ;  petals  white,  marked 
with  crimson  inside;  lip  brilliant  orange,  marked  with 
crimson.  Blooms  in  winter  and  spring. 

C.  Lycaste  gigantea.     St.  Martha   .     .     B.  R.,  31,  34. 

B.  M.,  5616. 
Bat.  2d  Cen.,  198. 

A  tall-growing  species,  producing  in  summer  dark 
olive-green  flowers,  with  purple  lip. 

B.  Lycaste  Harrisonicz.     Brazil     .     .     B.  M.,  2927. 
SYNS.  Colax  Harrisonice  B.  R.,  897. 

(Lind).  Pax.  Mag.,  2,  196. 

Dendrobium  Hqrri-  Sert.  Bot.,  7,  as 

sonitK.  (Hooker).  Colax. 

Perianth  creamy  white  ;  lip  purple  ;  fragrant. 


DESCRIPTIVE  LIST.  311 

B.  Lycaste  Harrisonia  alba.     Brazil. 
Perianth  pure  white,  tipped  with  violet. 

A  very  free-blooming  plant  of  easiest  culture.  It  will 
do  well,  and  bloom  in  the  parlor. 

A.  Lycaste  lanipes.     South  America. 

Flowers  creamy  white,  with  fringed  lip,  in  autumn. 

C.  Lycaste  macrophylla.     Colombia     .     P.  and  E.,  64. 

B.  R.,  1840,  191. 

Perianth  green,  tinted  and  spotted  with  brown ;  lip 
whitish,  variegated  with  yellow  and  violet.  This  species 
has  a  disagreeable  odor,  and  is  always  found  on  the 
ground  under  the  shade  of  trees. 

B.  Lycaste  plana.    Colombia B.  R.,  29,35. 

This  species  resembles  the  last,  but  the  flowers  are  of 

a  richer  color.    It  needs  heat,  and  the  bulbs  should  never 
be  at  all  covered  with  soil,  as  they  rot  very  easily. 

B.  Lycaste  Schilleriana. 

A  pretty  species.  Sepals  yellowish  brown  ;  petals  white ; 
lip  white,  with  yellow  base. 

A.  Lycaste  Skinneri.     Gautemala.   F.  M.,  24,  192. 

Jen.  Orch.,  9.  B.  M.,  4445. 

War.  Orch.,  10.  Pax.  Mag.,  u,  i. 

Bat,  35,  as  Maxillaria.       Fl.  des  Ser.,  303,  304. 

Pes.,  39.  F.  M.,  2,  35. 

Perianth  pure  white ;  sepals  lightly  tipped  with  rose ; 
petals  rosy  at  the  base ;  lip  spotted  with  brilliant  carmine. 
Flowers  large  and  fragrant.  Blooms  in  winter. 


312  ORCHIDS. 

There  are  many  varieties,  differing  in  intensity  of  color, 
and  some  with  yellow  instead  of  red  on  the  lip  ;  there  is 
a  pure  white  variety. 

This  plant  should  not  be  allowed  to  dry  up  during 
the  resting  season.  All  the  varieties  are  beautiful.  The 
plant  is  very  free  blooming,  and  the  flowers  are  almost 
imperishable. 

C.  Lycaste  tetragona.     Brazil B.  R.,  1428. 

B.  M.,  3146. 

The  flowers  are  yellowish  green  and  purple,  with  the 
fragrance  of  violets. 

B.  Lycaste  tyrianthina.     Brazil. 

Perianth  clear  wine-color  ;  lip  golden  yellow,  striped 
and  marked  with  vivid  purple.  Flowers  large,  fragrant. 

This  genus  was  separated  from  Maxillaria.  The  spe- 
cies are  of  the  easiest  growth  in  pots,  with  peat,  with 
good  drainage ;  give  plenty  of  water  in  the  growing  sea- 
son, but  very  little  during  that  of  rest. 

Macodes. 
A  name  for  some  species  of  Anactochilus. 

Macodes  marmorata.  See  Ancectochilus  Lowii.  Reich. 
Xen.,  i,  96. 

Macodes  Petola.     See  Anactochilus  Petola  or  imperial!*. 

Macrochilus. 

Macrochilus  Fryanus  was  a  name  given  to  Miltonia  spec- 
talilis.  (Fl.  Cab.,  45.) 


DESCRJPTIKE  LIST.  313 

Masdevallia.     Ruiz  and  Pavon.     Epiphyte. 

Name  for  Joseph  Masdevall,  a  Spanish  botanist. 
The  plants  of  this  genus  were  formerly  more  remark- 
able for  their  singularity  than  their  color,  but  late  years 
have  given  us  some  wonderful  discoveries,  so  that  now 
it  comprises  some  most  attractive  plants. 

Masdevallia  Candida.     SYN.  of  Masdevallia  tovarensis. 

Masdevallia  Chimcera.  New  Granada  .  F.  M.,  2,  149. 

B.  M.,  6152. 

A  most  singular  plant.  Flowers  yellow,  spotted  with 
blood-red,  eight  inches  from  tips  of  sepals,  produced  from 
base  of  pseudo-bulbs,  on  arched  flower-stalks. 

The  plant  figured  in  "  L'lllustration  Horticole,"  3,  117, 
is  Masdevallia  nycterina  with  the  coloring  of  M.  Chimczra. 

Masdevallia  cocdnea.    Pamplona   .     .     Reich.  Xen.,  i,  74. 
A  beautiful  little  species,  with  bright-red  flowers. 

A.  Masdevallia  Davisii.  Peru  ....  B.  M.,  6190. 
A  newly-discovered  species,  bearing  rich  golden  flow- 
ers, but  probably,  if  descriptions  are  to  be  depended 
upon,  very  variable  in  color.  Very  free-blooming ;  flow- 
ers four  inches  in  diameter. 

Masdevallia  Denisoni.     New  Granada   .     .     F.  M.,  2,  79. 
Flowers  very  large,  on  tall  stalks,  deep  purple,  with 
white  base. 

Masdevallia  Ephipptum.     SYN.  of  Masdevallia  Trochilus. 

Masdevallia  Estrada.    New  Granada     .     .     B.  M.,  6171. 
A  very  pretty  little  species,  of  neat  habit  and  delicately 


314  ORCHIDS. 

colored  flowers,  which  are  violet-purple,  tipped  with  white, 
and  with  yellow  tails. 

Masdevallia  Harry  ana.    New  Granada   .     .     F.  M.,  555. 

I.  H.,  142. 

Flowers  very  large,  violet-mauve,  with  yellowish  base. 
A  beautiful  and  free-flowering  species. 

Masdevallia  Houtteana.    Venezuela  .     Fl.  des  Ser.,  2106. 
Flowers  white,  spotted  with  carmine,  with  long   red 
tails;  very  curious. 

Masdevallia  ignea.    New  Granada     .     .     .     F.  M.,  2,  15. 

B.  M.,  5962. 

Flowers  orange-scarlet,  shaded  with  crimson,  but  vary- 
ing much  in  different  plants. 

Masdevallia  Lindeni.    New  Granada  .     .     F.  M.,  2,  28. 

B.  M.,  5990. 

Jen.  Orch.,  17. 

I.  H,  3,  42. 

Flowers  on  tall  stalks,  brilliant  magenta.     A  very  fine 
species. 

Masdevallia  maculata.   Colombia.     .     Fl.  des  Ser.,  2150. 
Flowers  with  long  tails,  yellowish,  with  rose  and  purple 
spots. 

Masdevallia  nycterina.  New  Granada  .  .  F.  M.,  2,  150. 
An  extraordinary  species.  Flowers  triangular,  with 
long  tails,  dark  rosy  purple,  spotted  with  darker  shade  j 
lip  white  and  yellow.  The  old  stalks  continue  to  produce 
flowers  for  a  long  time. 


DESCRIPTIVE  LIST.  315 

Masdevallia  Peristeria.    New  Granada  .     .     B.  M.,  6159. 
Flowers  yellow,  deeply  spotted  with  amethyst-crimson. 
Not  as  showy  as  the  other  species. 

Masdevallia  tovarensis.    Colombia    .     B.  M.,  5505. 

Bat.  2d  Cen.,  120. 
A  very  neat  and  pretty  plant.     Flowers  white,  in  pairs. 

Masdevallia  Trochilus.    New  Granada  .     .     I.  H.,  3,  180. 
SYNS.  Masdevallia  Colubri. 

M.  Ephippium.    B.  M.,  6208. 

Flowers  hooded,  with  long  tails,  color  purple,  suffused 
with  brown,  tails  bright  yellow. 

Masdevallia  Veitchii.    Peru  .     .    .    .     F.  M.,  481. 

B.  M.,  5739. 

War.  Orch.,  2,  33. 

Fl.  des  Ser.,  1803. 

Flowers  six  inches  in  diameter,  bright  orange-scarlet. 
A  very  showy  species. 

Masdevallia  Wagneriana.     Central  America. 

Bot.  Mag.,  4921. 
A  small-growing  species,  with  yellow  and  red  flowers. 

All  the  species  are  free-growing  and  free-blooming,  but 
are  soon  destroyed  if  kept  too  hot.  They  are  natives  of 
high  tropical  mountains,  and  require  cool  treatment  and 
free  air.  They  should  be  grown  in  pots,  in  peat  and 
moss,  with  good  drainage,  and  must  never  be  allowed  to 
dry  up.  They  flower  almost  continuously. 

At  present  many  of  the  species  are  very  rare,  but  they 
will  soon  be  attainable. 


3l6  ORCHIDS. 

Maxillaria.     Ruiz  and  Pavon.     Epiphyte. 

Name  from  maxilla,  a  jaw-bone. 
B.  Maxillaria  Brocklehurstiana.     Brazil. 

Flowers  citron,  marked  with  brown,  large  and  fragrant. 

A.  Maxillaria  cristata.     SYN.  of  Paphinia  cristata. 

A.  Maxillaria  grandiflora.    Peru  ....     I.  H.,  3,  14. 
A  cool  Orchid,  of  easy  culture,  and  very  showy.    Flow- 
ers pure  white  ;  lip  purple  and  yellow. 

Maxillaria  Harrisons.     See  Lycaste  Harrisonce. 

B.  Maxillaria  leptosepala.    New  Granada  .     B.  M.,  4434. 
Flowers  large,  very  fragrant  ;  perianth  clear  yellow ; 

lip  almost  white. 

Maxillaria  luteo  alba.     Merida. 

SYN.  Maxillaria  punctata  alba. 
Flowers  large,  creamy  white. 

Maxillaria  nigrescens.     New  Granada. 

Flowers  dark  wine-color ;  lip  purple.     There  are  many 
varieties. 

Maxillaria  picta.     Brazi B.  R.,  1802. 

B.  M,  3154. 

Flowers  yellow,  marked  with  purple,  fragrant.     Very 
freely  produced. 

Maxillaria  picta  major. 

A   larger  flower,  banded  with  purple ;  fragrance   of 
almonds  and  jasmine. 


DESCRIPTIVE  LIST.  317 

C.  Maxillaria  nifescens.     Brazil     .     .     .     .     B.  R.,  1848. 

SYN.  Maxillaria  fitcata.  R.  R,  79. 

Perianth  reddish,  a  little  brown ;  lip  yellow,  marked 
with  crimson.  The  flowers  are  small  and  solitary,,  and 
only  desirable  for  their  vanilla-like  perfume. 

Maxillaria  Skinneri.     See  Lycaste  Skinneri. 

Maxillaria  splendens.     Peru. 

Sepals  and  petals  white ;  lip  orange,  margined  with 
rose. 

C.  Maxillaria  tenuifolia.    Vera  Cruz.    Maund,  Bor.,  140. 

B.  R.,  1839,  8. 

Flowers  beautiful  purple,  marked  with  yellow,  smelling 
like  an  apothecary's  shop. 

Maxillaria  Turneri.     South  America. 

Flowers  cinnamon-brown  and  crimson ;  very  fragrant. 
Should  be  grown  in  a  cool  house. 

A.  Maxillaria  venusta.    New  Granada.   Pes.,  38. 

B.  M.,  5296. 
Bat.  2d  Cen.,  118. 

Flowers  lar^  ;  white  lip,  marked  with  yellow  and  with 
two  red  spots  resembling  large  eyes.  A  most  curious 
and  beautiful  plant. 

This  genus  has  been  much  changed,  and  the  finest 
species  have  been  given  to  Bifrenaria,  Lycaste,  Paphinia, 
Warrea,  Colax,  Promencea,  and  Scuticaria. 

All  Maxillarias  should  be  grown  as  prescribed  for  Ly» 
caste. 


318  ORCHIDS. 

The  species  are  all  free-flowering  plants  of  easy  cul- 
ture, generally  blooming  in  the  spring.  They  are  well 
worth  growing  for  their  fragrance  and  the  persistency  of 
the  flowers,  which  in  some  species  seem  almost  imperish- 
able. None  require  much  heat,  and  they  like  light,  but 
not  full  sun. 

Megaclinium.     Lindley.     Epiphyte. 

Name  from  ^yas,  great,  and  JCA.IVT],  a  bed. 
This    genus   is    more    curious    than    beautiful.     The 
flowers  have  the  peculiarity  of  moving  and  closing  the  lip 
very  rapidly. 

C.  Megaclinium  Bufo.     Sierra  Leone.     B.  R. 

The  flowers  resemble  a  number  of  toads  on  a  spot  of 
green. 

C.  Megaclinium  fakatum.     Sierra  Leone      .     B.  R.,  989. 
Flowers  yellow  and  red. 

C.  Megaclinium  oxypterum.     Sierra  Leone. 
Flowers  green. 

Megaclinium  oxypterum  maximum      .     .     .     B.  R.,  1959. 

B.  M.,  4028. 
The  lip  is  not  movable. 

These  plants  should  be  grown  in  hanging  baskets,  like 
Acropera. 

Mesospinidium.     Reichenbach.     Epiphyte. 
A.  Mesospinidium  sanguineum.     Peru.    Bat.  2d  Cen.,  196. 

B.  M,  5627. 
A  beautiful  little  cool-house  Orchid,  from  the  Andes 


DESCRIPTIVE  LIST.  3 19 

of  Peru,  bearing  branching  spikes  of  lovely  rose-colored 
flowers.  It  is  a  most  desirable  plant,  but  not  very  com- 
mon. 

A.  Mesospinidium  vulcanicum.     Upper  Amazon. 

B.  M.,  6001. 

This  plant  resembles  an  Epidendrum.  Flowers  in 
spikes  from  the  lower  leaf  of  the  pseudo-bulb,  rosy  red, 
with  a  little  yellow  on  the  lip. 

These  plants  may  be  grown  in  pots  or  on  blocks ;  they 
do  not  need  much  heat,  and  are  impatient  of  too  much 
water,  but  must  not  dry  up  even  when  at  rest. 


Miltonia.     Lindley.     Epiphyte. 

Dedicated  to  Viscount  Milton,  Earl  Fitzwilliam. 

B.  Miltonia  anceps.     Brazil      .     .     .     B.  M.,  5572. 

Reich.  Xen.,  i,  21. 

A  rare  species.  Flowers  dark  olive  ;  lip  reddish  pur- 
ple, on  white  ground. 

A.  Miltonia  bicolor. 

This  plant  is  probably  a  variety  of  Miltonia  spectabilis, 
which  it  much  resembles  ;  flowers  large,  white ;  lip  white, 
with  violet  mark. 

A.  Miltonia  Candida.     Brazil    .     .     .     Sert.  O.,  tab.  21. 

Pax.  Mag.,  6,  241. 

B.  M,  3793. 

Perianth  yellow,  richly  marked  with  reddish  brown  \ 
lip  pure  white,  marked  with  violet.  Blooms  in  autumn. 


320  ORCHIDS. 

A.  Miltonia  Candida  grandiflora. 

A  larger  and  finer  plant,  and  much  more  richly 
marked. 

A.  Miltonia  Candida  flavescens.  Brazil.   B.  R.,  1845,  ta^-  8. 
Only  differs  in  the  lip  being  yellowish  white. 

Miltonia  cereola.     St.  Catharine I.  H.,  446. 

This  plant  much  resembles  Miltonia  Regnelli,  of  which 
it  may  be  a  variety.  The  flowers  are  large,  white  ;  lip 
white,  shaded  with  delicate  purple. 

A.  Miltonia  Clowesii.     Brazil    .     .     .     B.  M.,  4109. 

SYNS.  Brassia  Clowesii.  Sert.  O.,  tab.  34. 

Odontoglossum  Clowesii.      Pax.  Mag.,  9,  241. 
Sepals  and  petals  pale  yellow,  barred  with  chocolate  ; 
the  lip  is  purple  and  white.     Blooms  in  September  and 
October. 

Miltonia  Clowesii  major  is  larger  and  finer. 

A.  Miltonia  cuneata.     Rio  Janeiro      .     .     M.  O.  P.,  2. 

B.  R.,  1845,  8. 

I.  H.,  237. 

Flowers  large ;  sepals  reddish  brown,  with  yellow  tips  j 
petals  of  same  color,  barred  with  golden  yellow;  tips 
clear  yellow  ;  lip  pure  white,  very  large. 

Miltonia  f estiva.     Brazil. 

Flowers  in  pairs,  dark  ochre ;  lip  lilac,  with  purple 
markings. 

A.  Miltonia  Karwinskii.     Mexico     .  Fl.  des  Sen,  7. 

Pax.  Mag.,  1 6,  162. 


DESCRIPTIVE  LIST.  321 

Sepals  and  petals  pale  yellow,  barred  with  brown  ;  lip 
white  at  tip,  violet  at  base  and  reddish  in  the  centre. 
Blooms  in  winter. 

Known  also  as  Odontoglossmn  Reichenheimii. 

A.  Miltonia  Loddigesii.     Rio  Janeiro. 

Flowers  large ;  deep  rose  perianth  ;  carmine  lip. 

A.  Miltonia  Moreliana.     Bahia    .     .     .     F.  M.,  2,  143, 

SYN.  Miltonia  purp  urea  violacea.      Jen.  Orch.,  37. 

Gard.  Mag.,  41. 
War.  Orch.,  32. 

Perianth  violet ;  petals  curled  at  the  tip ;  lip  rose. 
Flowers  large  and  fragrant.  Blooms  in  September  and 
October.  There  are  many  varieties,  which  differ  in  in- 
tensity of  color  of  the  lip. 

Miltonia  odorata.     See  Aspasia  lunata. 

B.  Miltonia  Pinelii.     Rio  Janeiro. 

Perianth  yellow  j  lip  white,  marked  with  carmine ;  very 
fragrant. 

A.  Miltonia  Regnelli.     Brazil    .     .     .     Reich.  Xen.,  47, 

B.  M,  5436. 

F.  M.,  490. 

Bat.  2d  Cen.,  182. 

Flowers  white,  with  rosy  purple  lip ;  scape  many- 
flowered.  A  fine  species ;  some  of  the  varieties  have  an 
intense  crimson  lip. 

B.  Miltonia  Russelliana.     Rio  Janeiro  .     Pax.  Mag.,  217. 

B.  R.,  1830. 

Perianth  purple-brown,  edged  and  striped  with  green- 
ish yellow ;  lip  lilac,  white  tipped. 

21 


322  ORCHIDS. 

A.  Miltonia  spectabilis.     Brazil       .  .     I.  P?.,  71  and  216. 

Pax.  Mag.,  7-97.  M.  O.  P.,  i. 

I.  H.,  524,  var.  rosea.  B.  M.,  4204,  4425. 

Lem.  Jard.,  108.  B.  R.,  1992. 

Perianth  greenish  white ;  lip  large,  violet-purple,  edged 
with  dull  white. 

There  are  many  varieties,  only  differing  in  size  of 
flower,  intensity  of  the  purple  of  the  lip,  and  purity  of 
the  white. 

Miltonia  stellata.     See  Cyrtochilum  stellatum. 
Miltonia  Warner  i.     SYN.  of  Miltonia  spectabilis  rosea. 

A.  Miltonia  Warscewiczii.     Peru  .     .     B.  M.,  5843. 

SYNS.   Odontoglossum  Warscewic-  Fl.  des  Ser.,  1831. 

zii.  I.  H.,  3,  158. 

Odontoglossum  Weltoni. 
Onddium  fuscatum. 
Oncidium  Weltoni. 

A  very  beautiful  plant,  bearing  a  nodding  panicle  of 
flowers,  cinnamon-brown,  with  tips  golden  yellow;  lip 
violet-purple,  with  cream-white  margin  and  pale  yellow- 
brown  blotch.  A  cool  Orchid. 

These  plants  are  usually  grown  in  pots,  with  peat. 
Miltonia  Clowesii  does  well  in  a  hanging  basket.  They 
will  thrive  in  either  house ;  during  their  season  of  rest 
they  should  be  kept  cool  and  have  but  little  water,  and 
water  should  always  be  carefully  given,  as  too  much  in- 
jures the  plants.  They  should  be  grown  in  the  shade. 
The  foliage  of  most  of  the  species  is  yellowish  green. 


DESCRIPTIVE  LIST.  $2$ 

Mormodes.     Lindley.     Epiphyte. 

Name  from  mormo,  a  goblin. 
C.  Mormodes  aromatica.     Guatemala  .     M.  O.  P.,  2. 

B.  R.,  1836,  56. 

Flowers  dirty,  greenish  white,  tinted  and  spotted  with 
chocolate  purple.  Fragrant. 

C.  Mormodes  lineata.     Guatemala.     M.  O.  P.,  2. 

B.  R.,  1842,  tab.  43. 

Perianth  yellow,  striped  with  vermilion ;  lip  white, 
marked  with  violet ;  flower  fragrant.  The  plant  needs  a 
gentle  heat. 

B.  Mormodes  titrina.     Mexico. 

Flowers  yellow,  in  July  and  August. 

B.  Mormodes  luxata.     Mexico  .     .     .     .     M.  O.  P.,  3. 

B.  R.,  29,  33. 

Flower  pale  citron  ;  lip  with  brown  stripes  in  the  cen- 
tre ;  very  fragrant.  Blooms  in  July. 

C.  Mormodes  pardina  unicolor.     Mexico  .     B.  M.,  3879, 

39°°- 
Bat.,  14. 
Fl.  Cab.,  113. 
I.  H,  25. 

Flowers  beautiful  yellow,  barred  and  spotted  with  deep 
red. 

These  plants  are  cultivated  like  Catasetum,  but  they  are 
not  popular,  and  are  seldom  found  in  collections. 
Other  species  are  :  — 

>; 


324  ORCHIDS. 

Mormodes  igneum.    Pax.  Fl.  G.,  93  ;  Lem.  Jard.,  330. 
M.  Colossus,  B.  M.,  5840. 
M.  Cartoni.    B.  M.,  4214. 
M.  Greenii.     B.  M.,  5802. 
M.  Hookeri.    Lem.  Jard.,  118. 


Myanthus.     Lindley.     Epiphyte. 

Name  from  /xu/o,  a  fly. 

C.  Myanthus  cernuus.     Brazil     .     .     .     B.  R.,  tab.  1721. 
Flowers  yellowish  green,  plentifully  marked  with  dark 
purple.     Cultivated  like  Catasetum. 

Myanthus  barbatus.    Pax.  Mag.,  2,  124;  B.  R.,  1778;  B.  M., 

35I4- 

M.  spinosus.    B.  M.,  3802. 
M.  deltoideus.    B.  R.,  1896  ;  B.  M.,  3923. 

Myrobroma. 
An  old  name  of   Vanilla. 


N. 
Nanodes.     Reichenbach.     Epiphyte. 

Name  from  vav&Hiis,  pigmy. 

B.  Nanodes  Medusas.     Ecuador    .     .     Fl.  des  Ser.,  1771. 

B.  M.,  5723. 

A  singular  plant,  with  stout  flattened  stem,  pale  glau- 
cous foliage,  and  lurid  purple  fringed  flowers.  Grow  on 
a  block,  in  the  cool  house.  A  rare  plant,  more  curious 
than  beautiful. 


DESCRIPTIVE  LIST.  325 


Nasonia.     Lindley.     Epiphyte. 

Name  from  naso,  a  nose. 

Nasonia  punctata.     Peru B.  M.,  5718. 

A  dwarf-growing  plant  without  pseudo-bulbs,  and  with 
small  green  alternate  leaves.  Flowers  large,  from  axils  of 
leaves  on  short  scapes ;  bright  cinnabar-red,  with  centre 
of  lip  yellow ;  very  pretty. 


Neottia.     Linnceus.     Terrestrial. 

Name  from  veoffffid,  a  nest. 

C.  Neottia  orchioides.  .  Brazil B.  M.,  1036. 

B.  R.,  701. 
Flowers  rose. 

The  plants  of  this  genus,  except  the  above,  are  not 
sufficiently  showy  for  the  Orchid  house. 
The  following  are  species  :  — 

Neottia  aphylla.     B.  M.,  2797. 

N.  bicolor.    B.  R.,  794. 

N.  calcarata.    B.  M.,  3403. 

N.  elata.     Schwartz.     B.  M.,  2026  ;  Lodd.  Cab.,  343. 

N.  grandiftora.     B.  M.,  2730,  2956. 

N.  picta.     B.  M.,  1562. 

N.  plantaginea.     Hook.  Ex.,  226. 

N.  pudica.     Sweet. 

N.  tortilis.     Schwartz. 

They  should  be  grown  like  Bletia. 


326  ORCHIDS. 

Notylia.      Lindley.     Epiphyte. 

Name  from  PWTOS,  the  back,  and  rv\os,  a  lump. 

This  genus  has  little  to  recommend  it. 

The  following  are  the  best  species  :  — 
Notylia  Barkeri. 

N.  bicolor.     B.  M.,  5609;  Bat.  2d  Cen.,  199. 
N.  incurva. 
N.  micrantha. 
N.  punctata.     B.  R.,  759. 

SYNS.  Pleurothollis  punctata.    B.  R., 

Gomeza  tannifolia. 
N.  tennis. 

Cultivate  as  directed  for  Burlingtonia. 


o. 

Octomeria.     Brown.      Epiphyte. 

Name  from  bicrd,  eight,  and  fie'pos,  a  part. 
There  is  nothing  remarkable  in  this  genus. 
Octomeria  graminifolia.     B.  M.,  2764;  Lodd.  Cab.,  1891. 
O.  serratifolia.     B.  M.,  2823. 

Octomeria  convallaroides,  O.  flava,  O.  rosea,  O.  stellata^ 
and  O.  pubescens,  are  now  all  referred  to  Eria. 

Odontoglossum.    Humboldt  and  Kunth.    Epiphyte. 

Name  from  oSovs,  a  tooth  and  y\uxr<ra,  a  tongue. 

Odontoglossum   affine.      SYN.   of    Odontoglossum  Reichen- 
heimii. 


DESCRIPTIVE  LIST.  327 

Odontoglossum  Alexandra.     Bogota  .     Jen.  Orch.,  26. 

SYNS.  Odontoglossum  Bluntii.        Bat.  Odon.,  14,  19. 
O.  crisp  urn.  B.  M.,  5691,  5697, 

5736. 

F.  M,  343. 
Fl.  des  Ser.,  1652. 
War.  Orch.,  2,  23. 

A  very  beautiful  species,  sporting  in  many  varieties. 
The  type  seems  to  be  pure  white  with  bright  golden  spots 
on  the  lip,  but  the  markings  vary  to  red,  rose,  purplish 
brown,  and  many  shadings,  varying  also  greatly  in  the 
size  of  the  spots  and  markings.  The  flower-spike  is 
about  twelve  inches  high,  gracefully  arching,  and  bearing 
from  six  to  twelve  large  flowers,  often  three  inches  or 
more  in  diameter,  but  in  fine  varieties  the  spike  is  often 
much  longer,  and  bears  many  more  flowers.  It  is  a  free 
bloomer,  but  requires  to  be  kept  very  cool. 

Odontoglossum  anceps I.  H.,  128. 

SYN.  of  Miltonia  anceps. 

Odontoglossum  Andersonianum.     New  Granada. 

F.  M.,  2,  45. 

A  beautiful  plant,  probably  a  natural  hybrid  between 
Odontoglossum  Alexandra  and  O.  prcestans  or  O.  glorio- 
sum.  The  flower  is  the  shape  of  the  former,  but  sepals 
and  petals  are  a  little  narrower.  It  is  creamy  white  (not 
milk  white),  the  inferior  halves  of  the  sepals  and  petals 
are  adorned  internally  with  reddish  brown  dots  and 
streaks,  and  some  such  blotches  are  to  be  found  on  the 
disk  of  the  anterior  lip,  whose  superior  part  is  yellowish. 
This  is  a  very  rare  plant. 


328  ORCHIDS. 

B.   Odontoglossum  angustatum.     Peru    .     Bat.  Odon.,  26. 
Flowers  on  tall  branching  stalks.     Sepals  and  petals 
narrow,  white,  with  purple  spots  ;  lip  white,  very  short. 

Odontoglossum  apterum.     SYN.  of  Odontoglossum  Rossii. 

B.   Odontoglossum  astranthum.     Ecuador. 

A  species  bearing  tall  spikes  of  large  flowers,  yellowish 
marked  with  purplish  brown  ;  lip  white,  spotted  with  pale 
rose. 

Odontoglossum  aureo-purpureum .      SYN.  of  Odontoglossum 
luteo-purpureum. 

A.   Odontoglossum  Bictonense.     Guatemala. 

B.  R.,  26,  66. 

Bat.  Odon.,  18. 

I.  H.,  449,  and  3,  91. 

Fl.  des  Ser.,  1502. 

This  tall-growing  and  free-blooming  species  sports  into 
many  varieties,  some  of  which  are  infinitely  superior  to 
the  type.  The  flower-stems  are  erect,  often  two  feet  high. 
The  flowers  are  about  an  inch  in  diameter,  yellow  banded 
or  spotted  with  brown  ;  lip  purple,  often  nearly  white. 
This  plant  is  figured  as  Cyrtochilum  in  "  Bateman's  Orchids 
of  Mexico  and  Guatemala,"  plate  6,  and  as  Zygopetalum 
africanum  in  the  "Botanical  Magazine,"  tab.  3812.  It  is 
a  pretty  species  of  easy  culture.  The  varieties  Odontoglos- 
sum Bictonense  grandiflorum,  roseum,  and  spkndens  differ 
only  in  intensity  of  color  and  size  of  flower. 

A.   Odontoglossum  blandum.     Ocana  .     .     Bat.  Odon.,  28. 

A  very  pretty  plant,  resembling  a  dwarf  form  of  Odon- 

toglossum  navium.    Flowers  white,  speckled  with  brownish 


DESCRIPTIVE  LIST.  329 

crimson,  on  short  spikes;  exhaling  a  honey-like  fra- 
grance. Requires  rather  more  heat  than  most  species. 

Odontoglossum   Bluntii.     SYN.  of  Odontoglossum  Alexan- 
dra. 

A.  Odontoglossum  brevifolittm.     Peru    .     .     I.  H.,  3,  170. 
This  plant  is  remarkable  for  the  shortness  of  the  single 

leaf  which  surmounts  the  short  pseudo-bulb.  The  flowers 
are  very  large,  on  a  close  spike,  rich  cinnamon-brown, 
with  small  bright  yellow  lip. 

Odontoglossum  candelabrum.     SYN.  of  Odontoglossum  coro- 
narium. 

B.  Odontoglossum  cariniferum.     Central  America. 

Bat.  Odon.,  10. 

A  tall-growing  and  free-blooming  plant,  but  not  very 
showy.  Flowers  brownish,  with  white  lip. 

A.  Odontoglossum  Cervantesii.     Western  Mexico. 

B.  R.,  1845,  36-  M-  O.  p-»  4- 

Pax.  Mag.,  12,  193.         Pes.,  7. 

F.  M.,  294.  Pax.  Fl.  G.,  15. 

I.  H.,  12. 

A  delicate  little  plant.  Flowers  two  inches  in  diam- 
eter, of  very  delicate  texture,  rosy  pink,  with  semicircles 
of  rosy  crimson  ;  lip  white. 

A.   Odontoglossum  dtrosmum.    Mexico.    Fl.  des  Ser.,  633. 
SYN.   Onddium  Galeottianum.  B.  R.,  1842,  3. 

M.  O.  P.,  3. 

Lem.  Jard.,  90.  I.  H.,  59. 

Card.  Mag.,  261.        War.  Orch.,  28. 


330  ORCHIDS. 

Flowers  in  pendulous  spikes,  in  spring,  measuring  two 
inches  across  ;  perianth  rosy  white,  or  pure  white ;  lip 
every  shade  from  light  pink  to  purple.  There  are  many 
varieties,  of  which  Odontoglossum  citrosmum  roseum  is  the 
best.  The  flowers  last  long  in  perfection  if  kept  dry,  and 
have  a  rich  lemon  fragrance. 

B.   Odontoglossum  constrictum.     Caracas. 

Flowers  yellow,  marked  with  brown ;  lip  white,  tipped 
with  yellow,  with  two  rose-colored  spots  near  the  centre. 
Flowers  small  but  numerous. 

B.  Odontoglossum  cordatum.     Mexico. 

Fl.  Cab.,  100.  Pax.  Mag.,  13,  147. 

Bat.  Odon.,  25.  Pes.,  27. 

B.  M.,  4878,  as  mac-        Bat.  2d  Cen.,  167. 

ulatum. 

Perianth  yellowish  green,  richly  marked  with  brown; 
lip  white  and  purple,  marked  with  brown,  sometimes  with 
amber  and  crimson. 

B.  Odontoglossum  coronarium.     Peru     .     Bat.  Odon.,  27. 

Pes.,  47- 

A  very  fine  species,  with  stout,  erect  flower-spikes,  bear- 
ing often  thirty  to  forty  large  blossoms.  Sepals  and  petals 
reddish  brown,  edged  with  bright  yellow ;  lip  golden.  The 
flowers  remain  long  in  perfection. 

B.  Odontoglossum  crispum.     SYN.  of  Odontoglossum  Alex- 
andra. 

B.  Odontoglossum  cristatum.     Peru. 

A  pretty  little  species,  with  creamy  yellow  flowers, 
spotted  with  purplish  brown. 


DESCRIPTIVE  LIST.  331 

The  variety  Odontoglossum  cristatum  Dayanum  or  Ar- 
gus (I.  H.,  3,  21)  is  remarkable  for  large  flowers  and  rich 
color. 

B.  Odontoglossum  crocidipterum.     New  Granada. 

A  species  resembling  Odontoglossum  ncevium  and  O. 
odoratum,  but  structurally  different,  the  wings  of  the 
column  being  fringed.  Flowers  pale  yellow,  spotted  with 
chestnut  brown,  fragrant. 

A.  Odontoglossum  Denisonce.   New  Granada.     F.  M.,  2,  26. 
Supposed  to  be  a  natural  hybrid  between  Odontoglossum 

Alexandra  and  O.  luteo  purpureum.  Flowers  large,  pure 
white,  with  a  few  brownish  spots ;  lip  white,  with  citron 
centre.  A  strong-growing  plant,  with  branching  flower- 
spikes. 

B.  Odontoglossum  Ehrenbergii.   Mexico.   Fl.  des  Ser.,  846. 

I.  H,  33. 

Sepals  white,  barred  with  brownish  red ;  petals  white  ; 
lip  slightly  undulate,  golden  yellow.  Flowers  not  soli- 
tary. A  very  pretty  dwarf  species,  free  blooming  ;  flowers 
almost  imperishable. 

Odontoglossum  epidendroides. 
Probably  the  same  as  Odontoglossum  Lindleyanum. 

B.   Odontoglossum  Galleottianum.     Mexico. 

Possibly  a  hybrid  between  Odontoglossum  nebulosum  and 
O.  Cervantesii.  Flowers  white  ;  petals  brown  at  base  ;  lip 
yellow  at  base. 

B.   Odontoglossum  gloriosum.     New  Granada. 

Bat.  Odon.,  12. 

A  strong- growing  plant,  producing  tall  branching  spikes 
of  yellowish  white  flowers,  ocelated  with  brown,  fragrant. 


332  ORCHIJJS, 

A.  Odontoglossum  grande.   Guatemala.    Bat.,  24. 

B.  M,  3955. 

Fl.  des  Ser.,  21. 

Pax.  Mag.,  8,  49. 

Bat.  Odon.,  8. 

Jen.  Orch.,  13. 

Flowers  very  large,  produced  on  an  upright  spike,  in 
the  autumn.  Flowers  mottled,  banded  with  brown  and 
yellow ;  lip  white,  and  light  brown.  A  splendid  plant. 
The  variety  Odontoglossum  grande  superbum  has  larger 
flowers.  There  is  also  a  spring-blooming  variety. 

A.  Odontoglossum  Hallii.     Ecuador    .     Reich.  Xen.,  63. 

Bat.  Odon.,  21. 

I.  H,  3,  58. 

F.  M.,  2,  378. 

Flowers  more  than  three  inches  in  diameter,  yellow, 
blotched  with  brown ;  lip  white,  with  purplish  crimson 
markings,  delicately  fringed. 

B.  Odontoglossnm  hastilabium.     Santa  Martha. 

B.  M.,  4272,  4919. 

Bat.  Odon.,  7. 

Pes.,  ii. 

A  species  of  easy  culture,  producing  in  summer  long 
spikes  of  white,  green,  and  purple  flowers,  which  remain 
long  in  perfection. 

Odontoglossum  Hookerianum.    SYN.  of  Odontoglossum  cor- 
datum. 

Odontoglossum  hystrix.     SYN.  of  Odontoglossum  luteo-pur- 
pureum. 


DESCRIPTIVE  LIST.  333 

B.  Odontoglossum  Inskayi.   Mexico   .     Bat.  Odon.,  4. 

War.  Orch.,  2,  25. 

This  plant  resembles  a  small  variety  of  Odontoglossum 
grande.  The  markings  of  the  flower  are  similar,  but  it  is 
by  no  means  as  showy  a  plant.  It  flowers  freely  in  win- 
ter, continuing  long  in  beauty.  There  are  many  varieties. 

Odontoglossum  Karwinskii.     SYN.  of  Odontoglossum  Reich- 
en  heimii. 

A.  Odontoglossum  Krameri.    Costa  Rica.    Bat.  Odon.,  24. 

B.  M,  5778. 

F.  M.,  2,  406. 

The  flowers  of  this  species  are  among  the  loveliest  of 
the  genus.  Sepals  and  petals  violet  white  j  lip  pale  violet 
red.  Should  be  grown  in  a  basket,  as  the  flower-spikes 
are  pendulous.  This  is  not  a  cool  Orchid. 

Odontoglossum  lave.    SYN.  of  Odontoglossum  Reichenheimii. 

Odontoglossum  Lawrendanum.    SYN.  of  Odontoglossum  In- 
sleayi. 

A.  Odontoglossum  Lindleyanum.  Ocana.   Reich.  Xen.,  71. 

Bat.  Odon.,  n. 

Flowers  pale  yellow,  with  large  chestnut  bands ;  lip 
white  and  yellow.  A  cool  Orchid,  found  only  on  great 
elevations. 

A.  Odontoglossum  luteo-furpureum.     New  Granada. 

Bat.  Odon.,  17. 

I.  H.,  3,  73. 

A  species  sporting  into  many  varieties.  Flowers  of 
medium  size,  plentifully  produced,  bright  purple-brown, 


334  ORCHIDS. 

margined  with  golden  yellow,  with  golden  fringe  on  the 
lip.  This  plant  is  found  at  an  elevation  of  eight  thousand 
feet. 

A.   Odontoglossum  maculatum.     Mexico.     B.  R,  1840,  30. 

Pes.,  28. 

Bat.  Odon.,  20. 

F.  M.,  348,  as 

maciilosum. 

Flowers  large,  on  arching  spike,  deep  yellow,  marked 
with  rich  brown  ;  lip  large.  A  fine  species,  of  which  there 
are  fine  varieties.  This  species  is  often  confounded  with 
Odontoglossum  cordatwn ;  as  for  instance,  in  the  plate  in 
the  "Botanical  Magazine,"  4878. 

A.  Odontoglossum  maxillare.    Mexico  .     .     B.  M.,  6144. 

I.  H.,  3,  200. 

A  beautiful  species,  allied  to  Odontoglossum  Cervantesii. 
Flower  two  inches  in  diameter,  white,  with  reddish  brown 
spot  at  base  of  petals  and  purple-brown  spot  at  base  of 
sepals ;  lip  white,  with  broad  orange  blotch.  A  very  rare 
plant. 

B.  Odontoglossum  membranaceum.     Guatemala. 

B.  M.,  4923. 

Pes,  5. 

M.  O.  P.,  5. 

B.  R.,  32,  34. 

Sepals  and  petals  white ;  lip  barred  with  brown.  Blooms 
during  the  winter.  A  very  pretty  and  delicate  plant,  with 
delightfully  fragrant  flowers.  There  are  many  varieties, 
all  good. 


DESCRIPTIVE  LIST.  335 

A.  Odontoglossum  navium.     New  Granada. 

Pes,  13. 

Pax.  Fl.  G.,  18. 

Bat.  Odon.,  9. 

Fl.  des  Ser.,  594. 

Flowers  pure  white,  marked  with  rosy  wine-color ;  lip 
yellow.  A  charmingly  graceful  plant. 

A.   Odontoglossum  nevadense.   New  Granada.    I.  H.,  3,  45. 
A  pretty  and  rare  species.     Sepals  and  petals  dark 
brown,  bordered  and  tipped  with  bright  yellow ;  lip  white, 
with  crimson  markings. 

A.  Odontoglossum  nebulosum.  Mexico  .  Bat.  Odon.,  i. 
A  species  from  very  cold  mountains  at  an  altitude  of 
ten  thousand  feet.  Flowers  large,  on  arching  spike,  white 
and  rose-color.  A  beautiful  plant,  but  of  very  difficult 
culture ;  it  is  almost  always  killed  by  heat.  Blooms  in 
spring. 

Odontoglossum  nobile.     SYN.  of  Odontoglossum  Pescatorei. 

A.  Odontoglossum  odoratum.   New  Granada.   I.  H.,  3,  39. 
This  plant  bears  fragrant  flowers,  on  branching  pani- 
cles, color  bright  yellow,  blotched  with  brown.     A  winter 
bloomer. 

B.  Odontoglossum  pardinum.     Peru  .     .     .     B.  M.,  5993. 

SYN.  Cyrtochilum  pardinum. 

A  rare  species,  producing  large  branching  panicles  of 
pale  golden  yellow  flowers,  marked  with  a  few  orange 
red  spots. 


A.  Odontoglossum  Pescatorei.     New  Granada. 

Pes.,  i.  Bat.  Odon.,  5. 

Pax.  Fl.  G.}  90.         Fl.  des  Ser.,  1624. 
War.  Orch.,  25.         F.  M.,  241. 
Lem.  Jard.,  331. 

One  of  the  noblest  of  the  genus,  bearing  large  branch- 
ing spikes  of  rosy  white  flowers,  with  a  patch  of  yellow 
on  the  lip. 

It  is  a  beautiful  plant,  of  which  there  are  many  varie- 
ties, all  worth  growing. 

Odontoglossum  pendulum.     SYN.  of  Odontoglossum 

citrosmum Bat.  Odon.,  6. 

A.  Odontoglossum  Phalcznopsis.  Ecuador.  War.  Orch.,  30. 

Bat.  Odon.,  3. 
Pes.,  44. 

A  dwarf  species,  with  large,  showy  flowers ;  foliage 
light  green,  very  narrow ;  flowers  in  clusters  of  two  or 
three,  about  two  inches  in  diameter,  white,  painted  with 
rose. 

A  distinct  species,  which  should  have  more  heat  than 
any  of  the  family. 

B.  Odontoglossum  platyodon.     Colombia. 

This  plant  often  produces  a  hundred  flowers  on  a 
stem  j  color  yellow,  very  showy.  Requires  very  cool  cul- 
ture, as  it  grows  naturally  in  a  region  of  snow,  and  where 
water  freezes  at  night. 

Odontoglossum  pretiosum.     SYN.  of  Odontoglossum  Schlie- 
perianum. 


DESCRIPTIVE  LIST.  337 

A.  Odontoglossum  pulchellum.   Mexico.    B.  M.,  4104. 

B.  R.,  1844,  48. 
M.  O.  P.,  8. 
War.  Orch.,  2, 13. 

Flowers  white ;  crest  of  lip  crimson.  Blooms  in  win- 
ter. A  very  fragrant  and  pretty  plant  of  neat  habit. 
The  varieties  differ  in  size  of  flower  and  in  foliage. 

Odontoglossum  radiatum.      SYN.  of  Odontoglossum  luteo- 
purpureum. 

Odontoglossum  Reichenheimii.     Mexico.     I.  H.,  213. 
SYNS.  Miltonia  Karwinskii.  Bat.   Odon.,   15, 

Cyrtochilum  Karwinskii.  16,  as  Iceve. 

War.  Orch.,  2, 16. 
Pes.,  19. 

A  plant  for  which  there  have  been  many  synonyms, 
and  of  which  the  flowers  vary  much  in  different  plants. 
The  spike  is  tall  and  branching,  the  flowers  are  yellow, 
clouded  with  green,  and  barred  with  purplish  brown ;  lip 
purple,  of  different  shades  in  different  individuals. 

B.  Odontoglossum  roseum.     Ecuador      .     Bat.  Odon.,  22. 

I.  H,  3,  66. 
B.  M.,  6084. 

A  pretty  little  species,  with  racemes  of  bright  rosy 
flowers. 

Called  also  Mesospinidium  roseum. 

B.  Odontoglossum  Rossii.     Mexico  .     B.  R.,  1830,  48. 
Fl.  des  Ser.,  2110.         M.  O.  P.,  3. 
Lind.  Sert.,  25.  Maund,  Bot.,  222. 

Fl.  Cab.,  129. 

22 


338  ORCHIDS. 

Sepals  greenish  yellow,  marked  with  brown  ;  petals 
white,  with  purple  spots  ;  lip  white.  Blooms  in  winter. 

This  species  resembles  Odontoglossum  Ehrenbergii,  ex- 
cept that  the  flowers  are  solitary. 

The  varieties  ^Odontoglossum  Rossii  majus  and  superbum 
are  very  superior  forms,  the  flowers  being  three  inches  in 
diameter  and  often  more  than  one  on  a  spike  ;  the  colors 
are  richer,  and  the  lip  is  sometimes  purple. 

A.  Odontoglossum  Roezlii.     Colombia.     Bat.  Odon.,  30. 

B.  M.,  6085. 

F.    M.,    2,    164, 

var.  album. 
F.  M.,  2,  90. 

A  species  allied  to  Odontoglossum  vexillarium  and 
Phal&nopsis. 

Flowers  very  large,  pure  white  ;  base  of  petals  purple ; 
lip  white,  yellow,  and  brown. 

B.  Odontoglossum  rubescens.     Nicaragua. 

A  pretty  little  species  ;  sepals  and  petals  blush,  spotted 
with  crimson  ;  lip  white. 

V 

B.  Odontoglossum  retusum.     Ecuador. 

A  dwarf  plant,  bearing  a  branching  spike  of  orange 
and  yellow  flowers. 

A.  Odontoglossum  Schlieperianum.     Costa  Rica. 

SYN.  Odontoglossum  grande  pallidum*  F.  M.,  2,  461. 
A  species  resembling  Odontoglossitm  Insleayi  in  growth, 
but  distinct  in  flowers,  which  are  self-colored  amber  and 
almost  without  spots.     A  summer  bloomer. 


DESCRIPTIVE  LIST.  339 

A.  Odontoglossum  tripudians.  Peru  .  .  B.  M.,  6029. 
A  rare  species.  Sepals  and  petals  yellowish  green 
outside  ;  clear  maroon-brown,  with  gold  markings  inside  ; 
lip  white,  marked  with  pink,  with  rich  amethyst  blotch  in 
the  centre. 

A.  Odontoglossum  triumphans.     New  Granada. 

I.  H.,  609. 

Bat.  Odon.,  23. 

Pes.,  46. 

A  magnificent  species.  Flowers  very  large,  in  racemes  ; 
golden  yellow,  blotched  with  bright  cinnamon ;  lip  pure 
white,  with  yellow  centre,  and  tip  light  rose. 

B.  Odontoglossum  Uro  Skinneri.     Guatemala. 

Bat.  Odon.,  2. 
Flowers  yellowish  green,  with  brown  spots  j  lip  white. 

A.  Odontoglossum  vexillarium.     New  Granada. 

Jen.  Orch.,  36.         I.  H.,  3,  113. 

B.  M.,  6037.  Fl.  des  Ser.,  2058. 

Bat.  Odon.,  29.        War.  Orch.,  2,  38. 

F.  M,  2,  73. 

Flowers  very  large,  with  heart-shaped  lip ;  white,  tinted 
with  rose  and  yellow  at  the  base ;  sepals  and  petals  of 
same  color,  in  some  flowers,  having  a  long  purple  line  in 
the  centre.  A  free  bloomer. 

This  magnificent  plant  will  be  scarce  for  some  time, 
as  it  is  very  difficult  to  import. 

B.  Odontoglossum  Wallisii.     New  Granada.    I.  H.,  3,  56. 
A  pretty  plant,  with  yellow  flowers,  marked  with  brown; 

lip  white,  marked  with  violet. 


340 


ORCHIDS. 


A.   Odontoglossum  Warnerianum.     Mexico. 

Bat.  Odon.,  3. 

War.  Orch.,  2,  20. 

B.  R.,  33,  20. 

A  rare  and  elegant  species  ;  sepals  and  petals  pure 
white,  with  a  few  brown  spots  \  lip  white,  shaded  with 
rose,  with  yellow  blotch  at  the  base.  Scape  three  to  five- 
flowered. 

A.   Odontoglossum  Warscewiczii.     Costa  Rica. 

B.  M.,  6163. 
Reich.  Xen.,  81. 

A  species  of  wonderful  beauty,  and  the  rarest  of  all. 
Flowers  white,  with  deep  crimson-pink  centre  j  large, 
three  to  five  on  a  spike. 

Beautiful  as  are  the  former  species,  this  last  discovery 
bids  fair  to  excel  them  all. 

Odontoglossum  Weltoni.     See  Miltonia  Warscewiczii. 

The  Odontoglossums  are "  by  no  means  plants  of  easy 
culture ;  most  of  them  are  cool  Orchids,  and  perish 
if  kept  hot.  The  heat  of  our  summers  is  an  almost  in- 
superable obstacle  to  the  successful  cultivation  of  the  cool 
species,  and  as  yet  no  means  has  been  found  to  overcome 
this  difficulty.  Exposure  to  our  summer  sun  is  certain 
death  to  the  delicate  species.  Perhaps  the  best  way  to 
attempt  their  culture  would  be  in  houses  facing  the  north, 
from  which  during  the  hottest  weather  the  lights  could  be 
removed  and  replaced  by  canvas  on  rollers.  They  all 
need  free  air,  clean  potting,  and  are  impatient  of  sour 
soil. 


DESCRIPTIVE  LIST.  341 

All  are  evergreen,  and  produce  the  flower-stems  from 
the  base  of  the  pseudo-bulbs.  Some  of  the  species,  such 
as  Odontoglossum  gtande,  Insleayi,  citrosmum,  Phalcenopsis, 
pulchellum,  will  grow  well  in  any  intermediate  or  Mexican 
Orchid  house.  Most  of  the  species  do  best  in  pots,  with 
peat  and  moss,  with  good  drainage.  The  small-growing 
kinds,  such  as  O.  Ehrenbergii,  do  well  on  blocks.  Some 
of  the  tall  growers  require  a  good  peat  soil,  but  all  soil 
must  be  fresh  and  sweet.  They  must  never  be  allowed 
to  dry  up,  but  water  must  at  all  times  be  given  judi- 
ciously. 

Recent  years  have  added  to  the  genus  (in  1833  there 
were  but  five  known  species),  and  every  year  gives  us 
new  discoveries  ;  latterly  it  would  seem  as  if  each  new- 
comer was  more  beautiful  than  any  we  had  before  known. 
To  attain  success  in  the  culture  of  this  beautiful  genus 
of  plants  is  worth  any  labor,  which  will  be  well  repaid 
by  the  stately  grandeur  of  some  of  the  species,  the  deli- 
cate beauty  and  the  charming  fragrance  of  others. 

CE3ceoclad.es.     Lindley.     Epiphyte. 

Name  from  ot/cea>,  to  inhabit,  and  K\dSos,  a  branch. 
There  is  little  to  recommend  in  this  genus. 

CEceodades  maculata  has  curiously  marbled  foliage.  It 
is  also  known  as  Trichocentrum  maculatum. 

Oncidium.     Schwartz.    Epiphyte. 

Name  from  tfy/coy,  a  tubercle,  and  effios,  appearance. 
A.   Oncidium  acinaceum.     Peru. 
A  very  pretty  cool  house  species.     Flowers  of  medium 


342  ORCHIDS. 

size,  white   and  violet,  bordered  with  white ;  lip  violet, 
shaded  with  carmine. 

A.  Onddium  cemulum.     New  Granada  .     .     B.  M.,  5980. 

SYN.  Onddium  superbiens. 

Another  cool  house  species  and  a  plant  of  great 
beauty,  well  meriting  its  name,  whichever  we  adopt. 
Flowers  cinnamon  and  yellow  in  immense  branching  pan- 
icles, many  feet  in  length,  and  often  bearing  a  hundred 
blossoms. 

B.  Onddium  altissimum.     Panama     .     B.  R.,  1651,  1851. 

SYNS.    Epidendrum  altissimum      B.  M.,  2990. 

(Jacquin). 

Perianth  yellow,  edged  and  spotted  with  brown ;  lip 
yellow.  The  flower-stalks  are  several  feet  long,  very 
much  branched  and  covered  with  flowers. 

B.   Onddium  ampliatum.     Mexico      .     .     .     B.  R.,  1699. 
Perianth  yellow,  slightly  marked  with  yellowish  brown ; 
lip  brilliant  yellow  ;  back  white. 

A.  Onddium  ampliatum  majus.     Guatemala. 

Fl.  des  Ser.,  2140. 

Perianth  like  the  last ;  lip  very  large  and  pale  yellow. 
Blooms  on  a  long  branching  spike  from  April  to  August, 
and  often  continues  in  bloom  for  two  months  when  the 
spikes  are  strong. 

Onddium  aurosum I.  H.,  3,  34. 

SYN.  of  Onddium  excavatum. 

B.  Onddium  barbatum.     Bahia     .     .     .     B.  R.,  1842,  74. 
Perianth  golden    yellow,   spotted    and    marked  with 


DESCRIPTIVE  LIST.  343 

blood-purple;  lip  very  short,  of  brilliant  yellow,  with 
fringed  wings ;  the  column  yellow  marked  with  purple. 
A  brilliant  flower.  This  species  may  be  grown  on  blocks. 
There  are  many  varieties. 

A.  Oncidium  Barken.     Mexico     .     .     Sert.  O.,  48. 

SYN.   Oncidium  tigrinum.  B.  R.,  1651. 

Pax.  Mag.,  14,  97. 
I.  H.,  2. 

Flowers  large ;  perianth  rich  brown,  barred  with  yel- 
low ;  lip  bright  yellow,  an  inch  or  more  across.  Blooms 
in  winter. 

B.  Oncidium  Batemanii.     Brazil     .     .     .     Fl.  Cab.,  137. 

SYNS.  Oncidium  racemosum. 
O.  spilopterum. 
O.  stenopetalum. 

A  rare  species,  and  not  free-flowering,  but  worth  grow- 
ing, as  the  flowers  are  a  very  bright  yellow  and  showy. 

C.  Oncidium  Baueri.     Mexico      .     .     .     .     B.  R.,  1651. 
Perianth  yellow,  striped  and  margined  with  yellowish 

brown ;  lip  yellow.  This  species  strongly  resembles  On- 
cidium altissimttm. 

-A.  Oncidium  Ucallosum.     Guatemala    .     B.  R.,  1843,  13. 

B.  M.,  4148. 
I.  H,  458. 

Flowers  brilliant  yellow,  slightly  fragrant.  Sepals  and 
petals  cinnamon-brown.  A  better  plant  than  Oncidium 
Cavendishii,  which  it  much  resembles  and  with  which  it  is 
often  confounded.  It  is  one  of  the  most  showy  of  winter- 
blooming  Orchids. 


344  ORCHIDS. 

B.   Oncidium  bicolor.     Spanish  Main     .     .     B.  R.,  29,  66. 
Perianth  deep  yellow,  marked  with  crimson ;  lip  yel- 
low, white  underneath.     Blooms  in  September.     Grow  on 
a  block. 

Oncidium  bicornutum B.  M.,  3109. 

B.  R.,  1007. 
See  Oncidium  pubes. 

A.   Oncidium  bifolium.    Monte  Video.    Lodd.  Cab.,  1845. 

B.  M.,  1491. 

The  perianth,  which  is  small,  is  brown  ;  the  lip  is  very 
large,  of  a  beautiful  yellow.  This  plant  is  rather  difficult 
to  grow  ;  it  succeeds  best  in  a  pot,  with  moss,  suspended 
from  the  roof,  close  to  the  rafters. 

A.  Oncidium  bifolium  majus. 

A  variety  with  larger  and  brighter  flowers,  and  very 
superior  to  the  species. 

B.  Oncidium  calanthum.     Ecuador.     .     .     .     F.  M.,  384. 
A  cool  species,  with  brilliant  yellow  flowers;  that  of 

the  lip  being  deeper  than  the  petals  and  sepals,  with  red 
in  centre.  A  free  grower  and  bloomer  in  winter  and 
early  spring. 

Oncidium  candidum.     SYN.  of  Palumbina  Candida. 

C.  Oncidium  Carthaginense    ....     Lodd.  Cab.,  662. 

SYNS.  Epidendrum  undulatum.         B.  M.,  1491,  20, 
E.  Carthaginense  (Jacquin).         777. 
Oncidium  Henchmanii. 

Perianth  olive,  marked  with  brown ;  lip  yellow,  marked 
with  red.  Flower-spikes  very  large. 


DESCRIPTIVE  LIST. 


345 


"  A.   Oncidium  Cavendishii.     Mexico.      Bat,  3. 

B.  M.,  3807,  as 

O.  pachyphyllum. 

Flowers  large  greenish  yellow,  marked  with  purple  ;  lip 
vivid  yellow.  Foliage  large,  rich  green.  Blooms  in  win- 
ter. 

B.  Oncidium  chrysothyrsus.     Brazil     .     War.  Orch.,  2,  5. 
A  very  pretty  species.     Flowers  on  a  branching  pani- 
cle ;  greenish,  streaked  with  red  ;  lip  bright  yellow. 

C.  Oncidium  Cebolleta.  Demerara      .     .     .     B.  M.,  3568. 

SYNS.  Epidendrum  Cebolleta  (Jacquin).  B.  R.,  1994. 
E.jvndfolium  (Linn.). 
Cymbidium  juncifolium  (Willd.). 
Oncidium  juncifolium  (Lindley). 

Flowers  yellow,  the  perianth  slightly  marked  with  yel- 
lowish brown  at  the  base.  May  be  grown  on  blocks. 

B.  Oncidium  ciliatum.     Brazil B.  R.,  1660. 

The  flowers  of   this   species   vary;   they   are  yellow, 

sometimes  marked  with  red,  sometimes  with  orange- 
brown  ;  the  wings  of  the  lip  are  fringed ;  the  lip  is  larger 
than  in  Oncidium  barbatum,  but  in  this  latter  species  the 
flowers  are  abundant,  while  in  O.  ciliatum  it  is  rare  to  find 
more  than  seven  or  eight  on  a  stalk.  This  species  will 
do  well  with  block  culture.  Also  known  as  O.  fimbria- 
turn. 

C.  Oncidium  concolor.     Organ  Mountains  .     B.  M.,  3752. 
Flowers  yellow  ;  lip  large. 


346  ORCHIDS. 

Oncidium  comosum.     SYN.  of  Cyrtopodium  Andersonii. 

A.  Oncidium  cornigerum.     New  Granada    .     B.  R.,  1542 

B.  M.,  3486. 

A  very  pretty  species,  bearing  dense  panicles  of  curious 
red-spotted,  yellow  flowers.  Blooms  very  freely  in  spring. 
It  does  well  either  in  a  pot  or  on  a  block,  and  the  flowers 
last  long  in  perfection.  This  is  one  of  the  best  of  the 
small-flowering  class. 

A.   Oncidium  Crcesus.     Brazil F.  M.,  2,  40. 

A  charming  dwarf  free-blooming  species.  The  flowers 
are  clear  yellow,  and  dark  purple-brown,  and  bear  some 
resemblance  to  a  pansy. 

A.  Oncidium  crispum.     Brazil  .     .     .  B.  M.,  3499. 

Fl.  des  Ser.,  2148.  Lodd.  Cab.,  1854. 

F.  M.,  485.  B.  R.,  1920. 

War.  Orch.,  2,  26.  Maund,  Bot,  26. 
Fl.  Cab.,  64. 

Perianth  copper-color ;  lip  yellow,  with  lighter  yellow 
spots.  Flowers  large.  There  are  many  varieties  differ- 
ing only  in  shading  and  markings.  Grows  well  on  a 
block.  This  is  a  very  showy  plant  when  well  grown. 
The  color  is  peculiar  and  the  flowers  are  very  attractive. 
No  illustration  reproduces  the  bronzy  lustre  of  the 
flower. 

C.  Oncidium  crypto copis.     Peru    .     .     .     .     B.  M.,  5858. 
A  very  peculiar  species  with  chocolate-brown  flowers, 
edged  with  yellow,  and  crimped,  on  very  long  peduncles. 
More  curious  than  beautiful. 


DESCRIPTIVE  LIST.  347 

B.  Onddium  cruentum.     Mexico      .     .     .     B.  R.,  33,  70. 

SYN.  Onddium  pvlicanum. 

A  pretty  little  species.  Flowers  yellow,  barred  with 
brown  ;  lip  paler  yellow. 

A.   Onddium  cucullatum.     Colombia  .     Pax.  Fl.  G,,  87. 
SYN.  Leochilus  sanguinolens.  Lem.  Jard.,  317. 

Fl.  des  Ser.,  835. 

Perianth  green,  marked  with  large  brown  bands  ;  lip 
very  large,  rosy  lilac,  with  deeper  markings.  This  species 
needs  but  little  heat. 

There  are  many  varieties ;  in  macrochilum  the  sepals 
and  petals  are  violet-crimson ;  the  lip  mauve,  spotted 
with  violet. 

Onddium  cuneatum.     SYN.  of  Onddium  luridum. 
Onddium  cyrtochilum.     SYN.  of  Onddium  leucochilum. 

C.  Onddium  deltoidtum.     Peru      .     .     .     .     B.  R.,  2006. 
Perianth  vivid  yellow;    lip   triangular,   yellow,  richly 

marked  with  red. 

Onddium  diadema.     SYN.  of  Onddium  serratum. 

C.   Onddium  divaricatum.     Brazil.     .     Pax.  Mag.,  3,  4. 

Serf.  Bot,  7. 

B.  R.,  1050. 

Lodd.  Cab.,  1212. 

Flowers  greenish  yellow,  marked  with  red ;  fragrant. 
The  single  flowers  have  little  beauty,  but  their  profusion 
renders  the  plant  desirable.  Blooms  in  summer. 

C.   Onddium  digitatum.     Guatemala.     Fl.  des  Ser.,  1853. 
Flowers  green  and  white,  like  Onddium  leuchochilum. 


348  ORCHIDS. 

B.   Onddium  euxanthinum.     Brazil. 

A  dwarf  species,  which  is  best  grown  on  a  b  :'•: ; 
flowers  yellow  and  brown,  with  yellow  lip, 

A.   Onddium  excavatum.     Honduras      .     .      I.  H.,  3,    4. 
SYN.    Onddium  aurosum.  B.  M.,  52^% 

Perianth  rich  golden-yellow,  with  rich  cinnamon  spo;  , 
on  tall  spike.  A  very  handsome  plant. 

Onddium  filipes.     SYN.  of  Cyrtochilumfilipes. 
Onddium  fimbriatum.     SYN.  of  Onddium  dliatum. 

A.  Onddium  flexuosnm.     Brazil      .     .     Lodd.  Cab.,  424. 

Sert.  Bot,  7. 
B.  M.,  2203. 

The  flowers  are  brilliant  yellow,  on  a  long,  slender 
stalk.  This  is  one  of  the  most  useful  of  the  genus,  free 
blooming,  of  easiest  culture,  always  bright  and  pretty,  and 
lasting  long  when  cut.  Does  equally  well  in  a  pot  or 
basket. 

A.  Onddium  Forbesii.    Organ  Mountains   .    B.  M.,  3705. 
Flowers  very  large,  chocolate-color,  edged  with  bril- 
liant yellow.     A  rare  plant. 

A.  Onddium  Forkeli.     Mexico. 

Sepals  greenish  yellow,  marked  with  crimson ;  petals 
violet. 

Onddium  fuscatum.     SYN.  of  Miltonia  Warscewiczii. 

Onddium  Galeottianum.     SYN.  of    Odontoglossum   dtros- 
mum. 


DESCRIPTIVE  LIST.  349 

Onddium  glaucum.     SYN.  of  Onddium  Cebolleta. 

B.   Onddium  Harrisoni.     Brazil    .     .     Lodd.  Cab.,  1917. 

B.  R.,  1569. 
Perianth  yellow,  marked  with  brown  ;  lip  clear  yellow. 

Onddium  hians.     SYN.  of  Onddium  maxilligerum. 

A.  Onddium  hczmatochilum.     New  Granada. 

Pax.  Fl.  G.,  6. 

Sepals  and  petals  greenish  yellow,  blotched  with  chest- 
nut; lip  rich  crimson  and  rose.  This  is  one  of  the 
most  magnificent  of  Orchids;  the  flowers  are  large,  in- 
describably rich  in  markings,  and  exquisitely  fragrant. 
A  plant  in  our  collection  lasted  in  perfection  for  two 
months. 

Blooms  in  summer.  Slugs  prefer  the  roots  and 
flower-stalks  of  this  plant  to  any  other  Orchid,  and  if 
there  is  a  slug  in  the  house  he  will  find  this  plant.  A 
very  rare  Orchid. 

Onddium  hastatum.     SYN.  of  Odontoglossum  hastatum. 
Onddium  Henchmani.     SYN.  of  Onddium  Carthaginense. 

A.   Onddium  holochrysum.     Peru. 

A  very  dwarf  plant,  with  spotted  bulbs.  Flowers 
rich  golden  yellow.  A  rare  Orchid.  Our  plant  cost  us 
ten  times  its  weight  in  gold. 

Onddium  Huntianum.     See  Onddium  sanguineum. 

B.  M.,  3806. 


35O  ORCHIDS. 

A.  Onddium  hyphc&maticum.     Ecuador. 

A  small  species  requiring  cool  treatment ;  flowers  pur- 
plish, shaded  brown,  blood-red  outside ;  lip  clear  yellow. 

A.  Onddium  incurvum.     Mexico    ...     I.  H.,  49. 

B.  R.,  31,  64. 

Bat,  tab.  29. 

B.  M.,  4824. 

Flowers  pale  lilac,  marked  with  white,  produced  dur- 
ing the  winter.  A  very  pretty  plant. 

Onddium  Insleayi.     SYN.  of  Odontoglossum  Insleayi. 

C.  Onddium  iridifolium.     Mexico  .     .     .     .  B.  R.,  1911. 
Flowers   yellow,  striped   with  red.     This   species    re- 
quires a  dry,  sunny  situation. 

Onddium  janeir ens e.     SYN.  of  Onddium  longipes. 
Onddium  jundfolium.     SYN.  of  Onddium  Cebolleta. 

Onddium  Karwinskii.     SYN.   of    Odontoglossum  Reichen- 
heimii. 

A.  Onddium  Kramerianum.     Central  America. 

Jen.  Orch.,  n. 
Fl.  des  Sen,  1956. 
F.  M.,  465. 

A  species  much  resembling  Onddium  Papilio,  of  which 
it  is  probably  a  variety;  the  foliage  is  handsomely 
spotted.  Flowers  rich  yellow,  with  dark  brown  mark- 
ings ;  lip  beautifully  crimped. 

The  flower-stalk  continues  to  produce  flowers  for 
months. 


DESCRIPTIVE  LIST.  351 

A.   Onddium  Lanceanum.     Guiana    .     Pax.  Mag.,  4,  169. 

B.  R.,  1887. 

Fl.  Cab.,  79. 

Foliage  beautifully  variegated  ;  perianth  yellow,  irregu- 
larly marked  with  crimson  ;  lip  rich  violet.  Flower  very 
fragrant.  Grow  in  pot  or  basket,  with  peat.  The  plant 
figured  in  Fl.  des  Ser.,  1842,  seems  to  be  neither  On- 
ddium Lanceanum  or  hamatochilum,  but  to  have  characters 
of  both. 

There  is  a  species  with  a  white  lip. 

C.   Onddium  Lemonianum.     Havana      .     .     B.  R.,  1789. 
Flowers  yellow,   marked  with   red;   lip   vivid  yellow, 
same  markings. 

C.   Onddium  leopardinum.     Peru. 
Flowers  yellow,  spotted  with  brown. 

A.  Onddium  kucochilum.     Mexico  .     Bat.,  4. 

Pax.  Mag.,  7,  241. 
Fl.  des  Ser.,  522,  as 
Cyrtochilum. 

Perianth  greenish  yellow,  marked  with  brown;  lip 
white,  slightly  tinted  with  rose. 

This  plant  is  easily  mistaken  for  Odontoglossum  candi- 
dum,  which  it  much  resembles. 

A.  Onddium  Limminghei.  Brazil  .  Fl.  des  Ser.,  1827. 
A  minute  species,  resembling  a  Sophronitis.  Pseudo- 
bulbs  flat  and  roundish  ;  root-stalk  creeping ;  flowers 
large,  bright  golden,  with  crimson-spotted  lip.  A  little 
gem  of  a  plant. 


352  ORCHIDS. 

C.  Onddium  longifolium.  Mexico  .  .  B.  R.,  28,  4. 
Perianth  yellow,  marked  with  brown ;  lip  entirely  yel- 
low, except  a  spot  at  the  base.  This  species  resembles 
Onddium  Cebolleta,  but  is  a  stronger  plant.  May  be 
grown  on  blocks. 

A.  Onddium  longipes.     Rio  Janeiro  .     B.  M.,  5193. 

Bat.  2d  Cen.,  165. 

A  small  free-flowering  species,  blooming  all  summer  ; 
flower  brown  and  yellow ;  lip  bright,  almost  golden  yel- 
low, with  blood-colored  rim  at  base. 

C.   Onddium  lunatum.     Demerara     .     .     .     B.  R.,  1929. 
Flowers  sulphur-yellow,  rich  brown  spots  j  lip  white, 
marked  with  pale  brown. 

C.  Onddium  luridum.     Jamaica      .     .     B.  M.,  3603. 

Fl.  Cab.,  97. 

Flower  stems  often  nine  feet  long.  Flowers  about  an 
inch  and  a  half  in  diameter,  brown  and  spotted. 

B.  Onddium  luridum  guttatum.     West  Indies. 

SYNS.  Epidendrum  guttatum  (Linn.).    B.  R.,  25,  16. 
Cymbidium  guttatum  (Willd.). 
Onddium  Boydii. 

Flowers  yellowish  brown,  beautifully  marked  with  red ; 
the  shade  deeper  toward  the  base  of  the  lip.  A  single 
stem  has  borne  with  us  two  hundred  and  eighty  flowers. 

A.  Onddium  macranthum.     New  Granada. 

Jen.  Orch.,  42. 
B.  M.,  5743. 
F.  M.,  386. 
War.  Orch.,  2,  17. 


DESCRIPTIVE  LIST.  353 

A  magnificent  plant,  with  very  long  scandent  stems, 
producing  a  profusion  of  flowers,  three  to  four  inches  in 
diameter  ;  sepals  purplish  brown,  tipped  with  yellow  ; 
petals  golden,  with  blood-red  markings  ;  lip  crimson- 
purple,  with  white  crest.  Blooms  in  spring  and  summer. 

Oncidium  macranthum  hastiferum. 

A  fine  variety,  with  olive-yellow  sepals,  bright  yellow 
petals,  and  crimson  lip. 

Oncidium  maculatum.     SYN.  of  Odontoglossum  maculatum. 

A.  Oncidium  Marshallianum.     South  America. 

B.  M.,  5725. 

Flowers  golden  yellow,  with  rich  crimson-brown  spots. 
A  large-flowered,  magnificent  species, 

C.   Oncidium  maxilligerum.     Brazil. 

SYN.   Oncidium  hians. 

A  species  resembling  Oncidium  Harrisonii.  Lip  of  a 
more  vivid  yellow ;  crest  of  the  column  bent  back,  and 
forms  with  the  top  of  the  lip  some  resemblance  to  a  jaw- 
bone. 

C.   Oncidium  microchilum.     Guatemala. 

B.  R.,  1843,  tab.  23. 

Sepals  greenish  red ;  petals  red  and  yellow ;  lip  white 
and  yellow. 

C.  Oncidium  monoceras.     Brazil    .     .     .     .     B.  M.,  3890. 
Sepals  greenish  ;  petals  yellow,  marked  with  brown ; 
lip  yellow,  tinted  with  red  at  the  base,  having  a  horn  at 
the  top. 

23 


354  ORCHIDS. 

A.  Onddium  nubigenum.  Ecuador  .  .  .  B.  M.,  5708. 
A  lovely  little  plant,  growing  at  a  greater  elevation 
than  any  other  Orchid,  —  fourteen  thousand  feet  above 
the  sea.  It  somewhat  resembles  Odontoglossum  Phalcen- 
opsis.  Flowers  brownish,  shaded  with  crimson  ;  lip  white, 
marked  with  violet.  The  markings  of  the  flowers  vary 
much  in  different  plants.  Requires  the  coolest  treat- 
ment. 

A.  Onddium  oblongatum.     Guatemala. 
Flowers  large,  bright  yellow  in  winter. 

A.   Onddium  obryzatum.     New  Granada. 

A  beautiful  and  deliciously  fragrant  species,  free  flow- 
ering, and  one  of  the  best  of  the  genus.  Flowers  small, 
but  bright  golden,  and  very  beautiful.  Blooms  in  July. 
There  are  many  varieties,  all  good. 

A.  Onddium  ornithorhyncum.     Guatemala. 

B.  R.,  1840,  10. 

B.  M.,  3912. 

Bat.,  4. 

Fl.  Cab.,  136. 

Flowers  beautiful  lilac,  fragrant,  all  the  autumn.  If 
grown  on  wood,  it  needs  care  to  prevent  its  becoming 
dry  during  the  growing  season.  It  shows  to  best  advan- 
tage in  a  basket. 

A.  Onddium  Papilio.    Trinidad  .     .     Lodd.  Cab.,  1086. 
Jen.  Orch.,  n.         B.  M.,  2795. 
Sert.  Bot.,  7.  B.  R.,  910. 

Maund,  Bot.,  10. 


DESCRIPTIVE  LIST.  355 

Sepals  very  long,  rich  brown,  marked  with  green  ; 
petals  and  lip  (which  is  very  large)  are  marked  with 
beautiful  yellowish  brown,  with  a  large  pale  yellow  spot 
in  the  middle  of  the  lip.  The  flowers  are  solitary,  and 
resemble  a  butterfly.  Grows  on  blocks  or  in  pots.  There 
are  many  varieties,  differing  in  size  and  color  of  the 
flowers. 

Ontidium  pelicanum.     SYN.  of  Oncidium  cruentum. 

B.  R.,  33,  70. 

A.  Oncidium  Phalanopsis.  Peru  ....  I.  H.,  3,  3. 
A  plant  resembling  Oncidium  cucullatum,  but  of  stronger 
habit.  Flowers  large,  cream-color,  marked  with  violet ;  lip 
white,  marked  with  crimson,  and  with  golden-yellow  crest. 
Requires  cool  culture. 

A.   Oncidium  phymatochilum.    Rio  Janeiro.     Pes.,  35. 

B.  M.,  5214. 

Sepals  and  petals  long  and  narrow,  brilliant  yellow, 
marked  with  brown ;  the  lip  is  large  at  the  base,  swollen 
at  the  summit.  Blooms  in  May  and  June,  very  profusely. 

C.   Oncidium  Pinelianum.     Rio  Janeiro. 

Perianth  yellow,  with  large  brownish  red  spots;  lip 
clear  yellow.  The  flower-stalk  is  long,  not  branched, 
producing  seven  or  eight  flowers.  Perhaps  same  as  On- 
cidium Batemani. 

C.   Oncidium  pubes.     Brazil    .     .     .     .     B.  R.,  1007. 

B.  M.,  3926,  var. 

Flowers  orange-yellow,  marked  with  brown  ;  the  peri- 
anth is  half  unclosed,  and  does  not  spread  itself  out,  as 
in  other  Oncidiums. 


356  ORCHIDS. 

B.  Oncidium  pules flavescens.     Brazil. 

A  variety  with  yellow  ground,  with  copper-colored 
spots;  flower-stalk  tall,  branched  and  floriferous. 

C.  Oncidium  pulchellum.     Demerara.     B.  R.,  1787. 

Lodd.  Cab.,  1984. 

B.  M.,  2773. 

Flowers  white,  with  orange  mark  at  the  base  of  the  lip, 
and  a  rosy  shade  round  the  column.  Blooms  profusely, 
in  a  panicle. 

B.  Oncidium pulvinatum.     Brazil     .     .     .     B.  R.,  25,  42. 

Flowers  yellow,  marked  with  brown ;  an  enlargement  of 
the  top  of  the  lip  is  covered  with  down,  and  resembles  a 
cushion.  The  flower-stalks  are  long  and  many-flowered. 

C.  Oncidium  ramosum.     Brazil. 

Flowers  greenish  yellow,  richly  spotted  with  brown  ; 
the  lip  is  curiously  formed. 

C.   Oncidium  raniferum.     Brazil  .     .     .     B.  M.,  3712. 

B.  R.,  1838,  48. 

Flowers  yellow ;  the  upper  part  of  the  lip  forms  a 
brownish  red  swelling  which  bears  a  slight  resemblance 
to  a  frog. 

B.  Oncidium  reflexum.     Mexico    .     .     Maund,  Bot,  116. 
Flowers  yellow;  differing  little  from  Oncidium  altissi- 

mum,  but  with  brighter  flowers.     An  autumn  bloomer. 

C.  Oncidium  retusum.     Brazil B.  R.,   1920. 

Flowers  yellow ;  sepals  and  petals  marked  with  brown ; 

lip  entirely  yellow. 


DESCRIPTIVE  LIST.  357 

B.  Ontidium  Rigbyanum  ....  Pax.  Mag.,  16,  257. 
Flowers  panicled  ;  sepals  and  petals  brilliant  citron- 
yellow,  with  deep  brown  spots  in  the  centre  j  lip  vivid 
yellow,  spotted  with  brown  and  edged  with  little  inden- 
tures. By  some  this  is  considered  the  same  as  Ontidium 
sarcodes. 

A.  Ontidium  Rogersii.     Brazil     .     .*   Jen.  Orch.,  29. 

F.  M,  477- 
War.  Orch.,  2,  31. 

A  very  beautiful  winter-blooming  species,  with  large 
rich  golden  flowers  on  a  tall  branching  spike.  One  of 
the  best  species ;  probably  a  variety  of  Ontidium  varico. 
sum. 

B.  Ontidium  roseum.     Honduras.     Lindley. 

Flowers  rosy  white,  spotted  with  red  or  crimson.  This 
is  a  rare  and  pretty  species. 

Ontidium  rupestre.     Peru. 

A  pretty  cool-house  species.  Flowers  on  a  many- 
branched  spike,  flame-color,  spotted  with  brown. 

C.  Ontidium  sanguineum.    La  Guayra.     Sert.  O.,  tab.  27. 
Flowers  pale  yellow,  marked  with  blood-red. 

A.  Ontidium  sarcodes.    Brazil  ....     War.  Orch.,  23. 

I.  H.,  3,  165. 

Flowers  yellow  and  crimson,  on  large  panicles,  pro- 
ducing thirty  flowers  or  more.  A  very  showy  and  rare 
plant. 

B.  Ontidium  serratum.    Peru  .     .     .     Bat.  2d  Cen.,  194. 

B.  M.,  5632. 


358  ORCHIDS. 

Flowers  bright  chocolate-color,  tipped  with  yellow.  A 
singular  plant,  more  curious  than  beautiful. 

B.   Oncidiiim  sessile.     Santa  Martha     .     Pax.  Fl.  G.,  21. 
Flowers  yellow,  spotted  in  the  centre  with  pale  cinna- 
mon. 

B.   Onddium  sphacelatum.    Mexico   .     .     B.  R.,  1842,  30. 
Flowers  yellow  and  brown,  resembling  Onddium  altis- 
simum   and    O.  reflexum.     A   good   old   Orchid,   always 
blooming,  and  lasting  long  in  beauty. 

B.  Onddium  spilopterum.    Mexico  .     B.  R.,  31,  40. 

Pax.  Mag.,  15,  200. 

Perianth  deep  purplish  lilac,  slightly  marked  with  yel- 
low ;  lip  large,  deep  yellow  inside,  cream-color  outside, 
deeply  undulate.  Should  be  grown  in  a  pot,  with  turfy 
peat  and  potsherds,  and  elevated  above  the  rim  of  the 
top.  Keep  in  a  shady  place.  Perhaps  a  variety  of  On- 
ddium Batemani. 

A.  Onddium  splendidum.    Guatemala.    Fl.  des  Ser.,  1825. 
A  very  fine  species.     Flowers  large  ;  sepals  and  petals 
small,  greenish  yellow  and  brown ;  lip  large,  bright  clear 
yellow. 

C.  Onddium  Sprudi.     South  America. 

A  species  resembling  Onddium  Cebolleta,  with  bright 
yellow  flowers. 

C.  Onddium  Suttoni.     Guatemala  .     .     .     B.  R.,  1842,  8. 
Perianth  deep  olive-brown,  with  yellow  tips  ;  lip  yellow, 
with  deep  olive-brown  spot  in  the  centre. 


DESCRIPTIVE  LIST.  359 

B.  Oncidium  tricolor.     Jamaica    .     .     .     .     B.  M.,  4130. 
Perianth  yellowish  green  striped  and  spotted  with  red  ; 

lip  white,  striped  with  red. 

C.  Oncidium  triquetrum.     Jamaica    .     .     .     B.  M.,  3393. 

SYNS.  Cymbidium  triquetrum  (Willd.). 

Epidendrum  triquetrum  (Schwartz). 
Flowers  greenish  white,  marked  with  reddish  purple. 
Grow  on  blocks. 

C.  Oncidium  trilingue.     Peru  ....     Pax.  Fl.  G.,  63. 

Lem.  Jard.,  217. 

A  species  much  resembling  Oncidium  serratum.     Flow- 
ers chocolate-brown,  edged  with  yellow. 

C.   Oncidium  trulliferum.     Brazil      .     .     B.  R.,  1839,  57. 
Perianth  yellow,  marked  with  reddish  brown ;  lip  yel- 
low, having  in  the  centre  the  form  of  a  trowel. 

Oncidium  unicorne.     See  Oncidium  monoceras. 

C.  Oncidium  uniflorum.  Rio  Janeiro  .  B.  R.,  1843,  43. 
Flowers  vivid  yellow,  marked  with  dull  brown  ;  lip  bril- 
liant yellow  j  very  fragrant.  In  spite  of  the  name  each 
bulb  produces  a  flower-stalk,  carrying  two  or  three  flow- 
ers. 

C.  Oncidium  unguiculatum.     Guatemala. 

Flowers  large,  yellow,  on  a  long  branching  spike,  pro- 
duced in  winter. 

Oncidium  varicosum Lem.  Jard.,  207,  7. 

See  Oncidium  Rogersii. 


360  ORCHIDS. 

C.  Onddium  variegatum.     West  Indies.     Lem.  Jard.,  99. 

Pax.  Fl.  G.,  33. 
A  pretty  species,  with  rosy-pink  blossoms. 

Onddium  Weltoni.     SYN.  of  Miltonia  Warscewiczii. 

C.   Onddium  Wentworthianum.     Guatemala     .     Bat,  39. 
Flowers  yellow,  richly  marked  with  crimson. 

C.  Onddium  Wraytz.     Mexico     .     .     .     .     B.  M.,  3854. 
Perianth  brilliant  yellow,  marked  with  brown  ;  lip  deep 
yellow;  flowers  large. 

B.  Onddium  xanthodon.     Ecuador    .     .     .     B.  M.,  5756. 
A  fine-blooming  species  allied  to  Onddium  serratum ; 
flower-spike  very  large,  bearing  a  profusion  of  rich  brown 
and  yellow  flowers. 

A.   Onddium  zebrinum.     Venezuela  .     .     .     B.  M.,  6138. 
A  very  beautiful  species,  producing  long  branching  (12 
feet)  spikes ;  perianth  pure  white,  with  red-purple  bars  ; 
lip  barred  with  gamboge-yellow.     A  rare  plant. 

These  plants  are  all  evergreen.  Those  having  large 
leaves  or  tall  flower-stalks  should  be  grown  in  pots,  with 
peat  and  moss,  with  good  drainage.  Those  with  small 
leaves,  except  Onddium  uniflorum,  which  does  best  in  a 
pot,  should  be  grown  on  blocks,  with  a  little  moss.  All 
species  will  succeed  well,  however,  with  pot  culture. 
They  require  plenty  of  heat  and  moisture  in  the  growing 
season,  but  afterwards  only  just  enough  water  to  keep 
the  leaves  and  bulbs  from  shriveling.  The  plants  will 
thrive  in  either  house.  Propagated  by  division.  Onddi- 


DESCRIPTIVE   LIST.  361 

urns  should  be  grown  in  every  collection.  They  are  very- 
showy,  of  easy  culture,  and  give  abundance  of  gay 
bloom. 

Ornithidium.     Salisbury.     Epiphyte. 

Name  from  Spvit,  a  bird,  and  tfSos,  resemblance. 
C.  Ornithidium  album.     Trinidad     .     .     .     B.  M.,  3306. 
Flowers   solitary,  clear   transparent  white,  the   upper 
stigma  in  the  form  of  a  beak. 

C.  Ornithidium  coccineum.     Martinique  .     Hook.  Ex.,  38. 

B.  M,  1437. 
Flowers  of  same  shape  as  the  last ;  color  clear  red. 

These  plants  are  more  curious  than  ornamental.  They 
may  be  grown  on  blocks  or  in  pots,  well  drained ;  too 
much  moisture  speedily  rots  the  roots. 

Ornithocephalus.     Hooker.      Epiphyte. 

Name  from  Spvis,  a  bird,  and  KftyaX-fj,  a  head. 
This  genus  affords  no  plants  of  special  interest. 
Ornithocephalus  gladiatus Hook.  Ex.,  127. 


P. 

Palumbina.     Reickenbach.      Epiphyte. 

Name  fa<ya\  palumba,  a  dove. 

Palumbina  Candida.     Mexico B.  M.,  5546. 

A  charmingly  pretty  plant   allied   to    Oncidium,  and 
formerly  known   as   Onddium  candidum.    Flowers  waxy 


362  ORCHIDS. 

+ 

white,  with  yellow  centre,  on  delicate  spikes.  This  plant 
does  well  under  cool  treatment.  Care  must  be  taken  not 
to  over-water.  Blooms  in  summer. 


Paphinia.      Lindley.     Epiphyte. 

Name  from  Paphos,  a  shrine  of  Venus,  or  from  Paphia,  a  surname  of 
Venus. 

A.  Paphinia  cristata.     Trinidad    .     .     B.  M.,  4836. 

Fl.  des  Ser.,  335. 
Bat.  2d  Cen.,  117. 

Sepals  chocolate  purple,  marked  with  pure  white  ;  pe- 
tals blood-purple,  evenly  margined  with  white.  The  out- 
side of  the  perianth  is  a  dull  purplish  white ;  lip  white, 
barred  with  purple,  and  fringed.  The  flowers  are  large, 
produced  at  different  seasons,  one  or  two  together. 

Paphinia  tigrina.     SYN.  of  Houlktia  tigrina. 

Grow  plants  of  this  genus  in  a  pot,  with  rough  fibrous 
peat,  well  drained,  or  in  a  hanging  basket,  as  directed  for 
Gongora,  in  East  Indian  house. 


Paxtonia.      Lindley.     Terrestrial. 

Dedicated  to  Sir  Joseph  Paxton. 

C.  Paxtonia  rosea.     Manilla      .     .     Maund,  Bot.,  5,  210. 

B.  R.,  1838,  60. 

M.  O.  P.,  i. 
Flowers  lilac-rose. 
Treatment  same  as  Bletia. 


DESCRIPTIVE  LIST.  363 

Peristeria.     Hooker.     Epiphyte. 

Name  from  7re/»(rre/>a,  a  pigeon. 

Peristeria  Barkeri B.  M.,  4203. 

See  Acineta.  Bat.,  8. 

B.  Peristeria  elata.     Panama     ....     B.  M.,  3116. 

SYN.  Espiritii  Sancto.  Jen.  Orch.,  44. 

Flowers  wax-white,  with  lilac  blotches  at  the  base  of 
the  lip,  and  of  an  exquisite  fragrance.  They  are  pro- 
duced on  long  stalks  from  the  base  of  the  pseudo-bulbs. 
The  interior  of  the  flower  somewhat  resembles  a  dove 
with  outspread  wings. 

C.  Peristeria  cerina.     Demerara  .     .     .     .     B.  R.,   1953. 
Flowers  dull  yellow,  with  a  strong  odor  of  juniper ;  pro- 
duced in  bunches,  close  to  the  bulb,  in  June  and  July. 

C.  Peristeria  guttata.     Rio  Janeiro     .     .     .     Fl.  Cab.,  7. 
Flowers  yellow,  plentifully  marked  with  reddish  brown, 
produced  in  short  bunches  in  September. 

Peristeria  Humboltii B.  R.,  29,  18. 

See  Acineta.  B.  M.,  4156. 

B.  Peristeria  pendula.     Demerara     .     .     .     B.  M.,  3479. 

SYN.  Peristeria  maculata. 

Flowers  greenish  white  outside,  and  delicate  blue  in- 
side, marked  with  purple,  the  lip  dull  white  marked  with 
purple  ;  slightly  fragrant. 

C.  Peristeria  stapelioides.     Guiana.     Lindley. 

Flowers  pale,  yellowish  brown,  covered  with  blotches 
of  dark  brown  ;  very  fragrant. 


364  ORCHIDS. 

These  plants  should  be  grown  in  pots  in  a  strong  com- 
post of  loam,  peat,  and  leaf  mould.  During  their  season 
of  growth  they  should  have  abundance  of  water,  but  in 
the  resting  season  should  be  allowed  to  become  almost 
dry. 

They  need  a  long  rest ;  the  species  last  described  needs 
less  water  than  the  others. 

Pescatorea.     Reichenbach. 

A  genus  proposed  for  some  plants  now  referred  to 
Huntleya. 

Pescatorea  cerina  is  Huntleya  cerina,  a  very  different  plant 
from  Peristeria  cerina^  with  which  it  is  sometimes 
confounded. 

Pescatorea  fimbriata  is  a  synonym  of  Pescatorea  Wallisii. 
Pescatorea  violacea  is  Huntleya  or  Bollea  violacea. 
Pescatorea  Wallisii  is  Huntleya  Wallisii. 

Phajus,  or  Phaius.     Louriero.     Terrestrial. 

Name  from  <patos,  dusky. 

A.  Phajus  albus.       Nepaul.     .     .     .     B.  R.,  1838,  33. 

B.  M.,  3991. 
Pax.  Mag.,  5,  125. 
Fl.  Cab.,  125. 

Flowers  large,  pure  white ;  lip  tinged  with  purple,  in 
July  and  August. 

This  is  a  deciduous  species,  losing  its  leaves  after 
growth.  It  should  be  grown  in  a  pot,  with  rough,  fibrous 


DESCRIPTIVE  LIST.  365 

peat  and  good  drainage,  with  plenty  of  water  in  the  grow- 
ing season. 

It  requires  a  long  rest,  and  should  then  be  kept  cool 
and  almost  dry.  Propagated  as  directed  on  a  former 
page,  by  cuttings  of  the  pseudo-bulb. 

This  plant  is  now  known  as  Thunia  alba. 

Phajus  Bensonice.     See  Thunia  Bensonice. 

B.  Phajus  bicolor.     Ceylon    .     .     .     .     Sert.  O.,  tab.  23. 

B.  M.,  4078. 
Wight,  Ic.,  1659. 

Perianth  deep  chocolate ;  lip  pale  yellow,  tinted  with 
rose. 

B.  Phajus  Blumei.     India       ....     Blume  Orch.,  5. 

A  species  differing  from  Phajus  grandifolius  in  having 
sepals  and  petals  acuminate,  tip  of  lip  acute,  spur  short 
and  thick,  while  in  the  former  the  sepals  and  petals  are 
acute,  tip  of  lip  notched,  spur  short  and  thick,  and  in 
Phajus  Wallichii  the  spur  is  long  and  slender. 

It  is  a  stout  growing  plant,  resembling  Phajus  grandi- 
folius in  habit. 

A.  Phajus  Blumei  Bernaysii.     Queensland. 

B.  M.,  6032. 

Is  a  very  beautiful  plant,  with  tall  spikes  of  flowers, 
white  outside,  bright  yellow  inside;  lip  yellow,  edged 
with  white. 

B.  Phajus  grandifolius.     China.    .     .     B.  M.,  1924. 

SYNS.    Limodorum  Tankervillice  Lodcl.  Cab.,  20. 

(Schwartz).  Sert.  Bot,  7. 

L.  Incarvillitz  (Persoon).  Fl.  des  Ser.,  738. 
Bletia  Tankervillia. 


366  ORCHIDS. 

Perianth  white  outside,  brownish  inside ;  lip  white  and 
dull  purple. 

Blooms  in  winter  and  spring.  One  of  the  longest 
known  Orchids,  and  a  very  showy  and  useful  plant,  grow- 
ing freely  and  always  blooming.  We  have  every  year 
plants  with  hundreds  of  flowers. 

B.  Phajus  intermedius.     China. 

Perianth  white  outside ;  yellow,  tinted  with  rose,  in- 
side ;  lip  white,  with  flame-colored  spot  at  the  base. 

A.  Phajus  irroratus F.  M.,  426. 

A  beautiful  hybrid,   between  Phajus  grandifolius  and 

Calanthe  vestita.  Sepals  and  petals  rosy  white  ;  lip  white, 
with  yellow  base.  In  form  the  flower  is  intermediate  be- 
tween the  parents ;  spike  erect ;  foliage  evergreen.  A 
very  beautiful  and  scarce  plant. 

B.  Phajus  maculatus.     Bombay     .     .     Lodd.  Cab.,  1803. 

SYNS.  Bktiaflava  (Wallich).         B.  M.,  2719,3960. 

Bletia  Woodfordii.  Sert.  Bot.,  7. 

Flowers  yellow;  lip  edged  and  spotted  with  purple. 
Foliage  dotted  with  white  spots.  A  showy  plant. 

A.  Phajus  Wallichii.     Bombay    .     .     Pax.  Mag.,  6,  193. 

B.  R,  1839,  58. 

Perianth  white  outside,  orange  inside ;  lip  white, 
slightly  shaded  with  yellow  and  red.  A  tall-growing 
plant,  with  very  handsome  flowers. 

These  plants  should  be  grown  in  large  pots,  with  loam, 
leaf  mould,  and  rotten  cow  dung.  Care  should  be  taken 
not  to  allow  water  to  touch  the  young  shoots,  as  they 
easily  damp  off. 


DESCRIPTIVE  LIST.  367 

Give  plenty  of  water  at  the  roots  during  the  growing 
season,  and  weak  liquid  manure,  but  when  at  rest  keep 
the  plants  almost  dry. 

Re-pot  just  before  they  make  their  growth.  Propaga- 
ted by  division. 

Phalsenopsis.     Blume.     Epiphyte. 

Name  from  <f>d\aiva,  a  moth,  and  fyis,  resemblance. 
A.  Phalcenopsis  amabilis.     Manilla    .     B.  M.,  4297. 

SYNS.  Angracum  album  majus       B.  R.,  1838,  34. 
(Rumphius).  Fl.  des  Ser.,  36. 

Epidendrum  amabile  Pax.  Mag.,  7,  49. 

(Linn.).  M.  O.  P.,  i. 

Perianth  pure  white ;  sepals  narrower  than  the  petals  ; 
lip  white  at  the  tip,  the  lateral  lobes  very  much  enlarged, 
richly  streaked  with  red  and  pink.  Each  flower  is  about 
three  inches  across. 

A.  Phalcenopsis  amethystina.     Sunda  Islands. 

A  pretty  little  species,  rarely  seen  in  cultivation ; 
flowers  small ;  sepals  and  petals  white,  spreading ;  lip 
white,  tinged  with  yellow  at  the  base ;  centre  rich  ame- 
thyst, suffused  with  purple ;  foliage  dark  green,  slightly 
wavy  at  edges  ;  spikes  short,  branched. 

B.  Phalcznopsis  Cormi-cervi.     Moulmein. 

SYN.  Poly chilus  Cornu-cerui.  B.  M.,  5570. 

Bat.  ad  Cen.,  178. 

A  peculiar  species ;  the  flower-stalk  flat  and  thick,  the 
flowers  springing  from  notches  in  the  margin ;  flowers 
greenish  yellow,  with  transverse  spots  of  cinnamon-red ; 


368  ORCHIDS. 

foliage  pale  green.      Continues  to  flower  from  the  old 
spike  for  a  long  time. 

Phalcenopsis  equestris.     SYN.  of  Phalcenopsis  rosea. 

A.  Phalcenopsis  grandiflora.     Borneo.    B.  M.,  5184. 

Bat.  2d  Cen.,  114. 

Perianth  white  ;  sepals  a  little  greenish ;  the  lip  white, 
striped  with  purple  and  yellow.  This  species  much  re- 
sembles Phalcenopsis  amabilis,  differing  only  in  the  flowers 
being  larger,  of  a  purer  white,  and  in  having  yellow  on 
the  lip  ;  in  foliage  this  species  is  of  a  lighter  green ;  that 
of  amabilis  is  reddish  on  the  under  side. 

A.  Phalcenopsis  grandiflora  aurea.     Tamelan  Islands. 

War.  Orch.,  2,  7. 

A  magnificent  variety,  with  very  large  white  flowers, 
with  bright  golden  markings  ;  very  free  blooming. 

A.  Phalcenopsis  intermedia.     Manilla  .  Lem.  Jard.,  4,  44. 
A  very  rare   and   lovely  plant;    foliage   pale   green; 
flowers   medium   size,   white,    shaded  with    rose;  lip   a 
deeper  shade  of  the  same  color. 

A.  Phalcenopsis  leucorrhoda.  East  Indies.  F.  M.,  2,  166. 
A  new  species,  possibly  a  natural  hybrid  between  Phal- 
cenopsis amabilis  and  Schilleriana,  having  the  foliage  of 
the  latter ;  the  petals  are  rosy ;  there  is  much  yellow  over 
the  lip,  the  lateral  partitions  of  which  are  brownish,  not 
purplish ;  lateral  sepals,  with  brownish  dots  ;  tendrils  of 
lip  long,  and  thin  like  P.  amabilis.  A  very  rare  plant. 

A.  Phalcenopsis  Lobbii.     SYN.  pf  Phalcenopsis  Portei. 


DESCRIPTIVE  LIST.  369 

A.  Phalcznopsis  Lowii.     Moulmein  .     B.  M.,  5351. 

Bat.  2d  Cen.,  168. 
War.  Orch.,  2,  15. 

Petals  white,  delicately  tinted  with  rose  ;  lip  resembling 
the  beak  of  a  bird.  Allied  to  Phalcznopsis  rosea.  Flowers 
of  medium  size ;  foliage  dark  green,  delicate  in  texture. 
Requires  sunlight  and  abundance  of  moisture  when  grow- 
ing. It  loses  its  leaves  in  the  resting  season. 

A.  Phalcznopsis  Luddemannia.     Philippine  Islands. 

Bat.  2d  Cen.,  133. 
Fl.  des  Ser.,  1636. 
B.  M.,  5523. 

A  plant  resembling  Phalcznopsis  rosea,  but  with  lighter 
foliage.  Racemes  about  twelve  inches  long  ;  flowers  two 
inches  across,  blush,  barred  throughout  with  amber  and 
amethyst,  varying  to  bright  rose  color. 

B.  Phalcznopsis  Mannii.     Sikkim. 

A  rare  species,  resembling  in  foliage  Phalcznopsis 
Cornu-cerui.  Flowers  yellowish  buff. 

A.  Phalcznopsis  Parishii.     Burmah    .     .     .     R.  F.,  85. 

B.  M,58i5. 

A  charming  dwarf  plant.  Leaves  oblong  lanceolate  ; 
flowers  in  short  racemes  of  six  to  ten ;  sepals  and  petals 
milk  white ;  lip  white  and  crimson  amethyst. 

Phalcenopsis  Portei.     East  Indies.     .     .     F.  M.,  2,  162. 

War.  Orch.,  2,  2. 

This  plant  is  probably  a  natural  hybrid,  between   Pha- 
24 


370  ORCHIDS. 

lanopsis amabilis  and  P.  rosea,  the  former  of  which  it  re- 
sembles in  habit.  It  bears  a  long  drooping  and  branch- 
ing spike  of  pure  white  flowers ;  lip  bright  rosy-red, 
tinted  with  orange.  Only  two  plants  of  this  species  are 
known  to  have  been  imported,  and  these  differ  somewhat 
in  intensity  of  color. 

A.  Phalcznopsis  rosea.     Manilla     .     .     B.  M.,  5212. 

Fl.  des  Ser.,  1645.     Pax-  F1-  G->  72- 
Lem.  Jard.,  283.       Jen.  Orch.,  27. 
A  small-flowering  species.     Flower  white,  tinged  with 
pink ;  lip  violet  or  ruby,  with  yellow  at  base,  upper  part 
intense  violet,  without  the  tendrils  which  occur  in  Phal- 
cenopsis  amabilis  and  P.  grandiflora.    A  very  free  bloomer, 
and  continuing  long  in  beauty. 

A.  Phalanopsis  Schilleriana.     Philippine  Islands. 

Bat.  2d  Cen.,  171.    B.  M./  5530. 

Jen.  Orch.,  15.          Fl.  des  Ser.,  1559. 

War.  Orch.,  i.  I.  H.,  348. 

Leaves  very  large,  dark  green,  mottled  with  gray  or 
white.  Flower  stems  from  one  to  three  feet  long,  much 
branched,  covered  with  multitudes  of  lovely  flowers  from 
two  to  three  inches  in  diameter,  of  delicate  shades,  mauve, 
edged  with  white,  yellow,  with  reddish  cinnamon  spots. 
No  two  plants  have  flowers  exactly  alike,  and  all  are 
lovely.  In  attempting  to  describe  this  flower  one  feels 
how  poor  words  are  to  convey  an  idea  of  its  beauties. 
Very  free-flowering ;  plants  have  borne  more  than  three 
hundred  flowers. 

A.  Phalcznopsis  Sumatrana.   Sumatra.  B.  M.,  5527. 

Bat.  2d  Cen.,  146. 
Fl.  des  Ser.,  1644. 


DESCRIPTIVE  LIST.  371 

A  species  resembling  Phalcznopsis  Luddemannia  in 
growth,  but  with  pointed  leaves  very  bright  green. 
Flowers  on  a  short  spike,  yellowish  white,  barred  with 
broad  streaks  of  rich  reddish  brown ;  lip  white,  with 
orange  spots,  and  four  lines  of  violet  or  lilac. 

These  plants  should  be  grown  in  the  East  Indian 
house,  with  liberal  waterings  during  growth,  and  even  in 
winter  they  should  be  kept  damp  at  the  roots.  They  may 
be  grown  in  pots,  with  sphagnum  moss,  but  appear  to 
much  better  advantage  on  blocks  or  in  baskets,  in  which 
they  thrive  equally  well,  only  requiring  more  attention  to 
keep  them  from  becoming  dry.  They  should  be  hung 
near  the  glass.  The  flowers  are  produced  on  a  slender, 
flexible  stalk,  which  continues  to  grow  and  produce  flow- 
ers ;  but  after  two  months  it  is  well  to  cut  off  the  flower- 
stalk,  unless  the  plant  is  very  strong,  as  the  plant  will 
exhaust  itself.  These  plants  are  very  difficult  to  increase. 
If  they  send  out  young  shoots  they  should  be  left  on  the 
plant  till  they  make  roots,  when  they  may  be  removed. 
Plants  may  be  produced  by  bending  down  the  flower- 
stalk  upon  the  block,  covering  each  node  with  moss,  first 
cutting  off  the  end  of  the  shoot.  Phalanopsis  Ludde- 
mannia  produces  young  plants  on  the  flower-stalk  more 
freely  than  any  other  species.  The  growing  season  of 
all  is  from  March  to  October. 

"  Phalanopsids  are  interesting  from  the  ease  with  which 
the  flowers  may  be  artificially  fertilized,  and  from  the  cu- 
rious phenomena  which  attend  the  reception  of  the  pol- 
linia  by  the  stigmatic  cavity.  Before  the  pollinia  are  com- 
municated the  cavity  gapes  widely ;  in  the  course  of  a 
few  hours  the  sides  draw  together,  and  eventually  the 


3/2  ORCHIDS. 

pollinia  are  held  so  fast  that  they  can  only  be  removed 
by  tearing  or  with  the  knife." 

If  the  plants  get  unhealthy,  shake  them  out,  cut  off  all 
decayed  roots  and  place  them  on  blocks  with  fresh 
sphagnum,  in  the  warmest  house,  keeping  them  moist. 
These  plants  will  always  command  high  prices,  yet  no 
collection  should  be  without  Phalcznofisis  amabilis,  P. 
grandiflora,  and  P.  Schilleriana. 

Pholidota.     Lindley.     Epiphyte. 

Name  from  0o\fr,  a  spot,  and  o3s,  an  ear. 


C.  Pholidota  articulata.     East  Indies  .     B.  R.,  1839.  57- 
Flowers  white  ;  lip  white,  with  slight  yellow  tinge  at 
base. 

C.  Pholidota  conchoidea.     Manilla. 

The  flowers  resemble  the  last  described  species,  but 
are  larger. 

C.  Pholidota  imbricata.     Nepaul  .     .  Hook.  Ex.,  138. 

SYN.  Pholidota  pallida  (B.  R.,  B.  R.,  1777,  1213. 

14,  1213).  Lodd.  Cab.,  1934. 
Flowers  brown  and  white. 

C.  Pholidota  undulata.     East  Indies. 
Flowers  brown  ;  lip  pale  brick  red. 

These  plants  should  be  grown  upon  blocks,  and  need 
plentiful  waterings  during  the  season  of  growth. 

Physosiphon.     Lindley.     Epiphyte. 
Name  from  <J>Co-a,  an  inflated  bladder,  and  afyxw,  a  tube. 
There  is  little  to  recommend  this  genus. 


DESCRIPTIVE  LIST  373 

Pilumna.     Lindley.     Epiphyte. 

Name  from  iri\iov,  a  cap. 

A.  Pilumna  fragrans.     Popayan     .     B.  M.,  5035. 

SYN.  Trichopilia  fragran s.  Bat.  26.  Cen.,  164. 

F.  M.,  2,  21. 

Jen.  Orch.,  38. 

I.  H,  3,  94. 

A  charming  plant,  resembling  a  Trichopilia  in  general 
appearance,  but  with  very  different  flowers.  Sepals  and 
petals  greenish  white ;  lip  pure  white,  with  rich  golden 
centre ;  flowers  in  spikes  of  three  to  five ;  deliciously 
fragrant. 

This  plant  should  be  grown  in  a  pot,  with  peat  and 
moss  in  the  cool  house.  It  is  one  of  the  most  fragrant 
of  Orchids,  flowering  freely  in  winter.  Propagated  by 
division. 

Pilumna  laxa B.  R.,  32,  57. 

SYN.  of  Trichopilia  laxa. 

Pleione.     Don.     Terrestrial  and  Epiphytal. 

The  name  of  a  nymph. 

Pleione  humilis.     Upper  Nepaul      .     .     B.  M.,  5674. 

Pax.  Fl.  G.,  51. 

Lem.  Jard.,  158. 

Flowers  white  ;  lip  with  orange  and  crimson  veins, 
beautifully  fringed.  A  mountain  species  found  growing 
on  the  trunks  of  trees,  at  an  elevation  of  eight  thousand 
feet. 


374 


ORCHIDS. 


Pleione  Lagenaria.     Himalaya     .     .     B.  M.,  5370. 

Bat.  2d  Cen.,  107.      Jen.  Orch.,  47. 

Pax.  Fl.  G.,  39.          War.  Orch.,  17. 

Lem.  Jard.,  93.  I.  H.,  510. 

Allied  to  Pleione  maculata.  Perianth  deep  purplish 
pink  ;  lip  white,  marked  with  crimson  blotches,  yellow 
centre.  A  beautiful  little  plant. 

A.  Pleione  maculata.     East  Indies    .     .     B.  M.,  79,  4691. 
Flowers  white ;   lip   beautifully  marked    and    spotted 

with  various  colors.  The  plant  blooms  in  October  and 
November,  without  the  foliage,  being  deciduous.  It 
should  be  potted  level  with  the  pot  rim,  and  some  silver 
sand  mixed  with  the  peat. 

B.  Pleione  prczcox.     East  Indies.     .     .     Pax.  Mag.,  14,  7. 
This    species    much     resembles    Pleione    Wallichiana. 

Flower  beautiful  light  purple ;  lip  with  blackish  spots, 
shading  to  pure  white. 

A.  Pleione  Reichenbachiana.     Arracan    .     .     B.  M.,  5688. 
Flowers  very  large,  rosy  lilac ;  lip  rich  purple  and  ma- 
genta. 

Pleione  Schilleriana.     Moulmein    .     .     .     .     B.  M.,  5027. 
Pseudo-bulbs  very  small;    flowers  tawny  yellow;   lip 
large,  orange-white  and  crimson. 

Pleione  Wallichiana.     Bengal     .     .     .     Lem  Jard.,  153. 
B.  R.,  1840,  24.      M.  O.  P.,  6. 
B.  M.,  4496.  Pax.  Mag.,  6,  25, 

Jen.  Orch.,  47.  alias  Ccelogyne. 

Flowers  rosy  purple ;  lip  with  a  dash  of  white,  very 

large ;  sometimes  two  on  a  spike  and  fragrant. 


DESCRIPTIVE  LIST.  375 

These  lovely  little  plants  were  formerly  known  as  Ccel- 
ogyne.  They  are  all  deciduous,  producing  the  flowers  in 
autumn,  just  before  they  begin  to  grow.  As  soon  as 
growth  begins,  or  the  buds  at  the  base  of  the  pseudo- 
bulbs  begin  to  start,  the  plants  should  be  repotted  in  leaf 
mould  and  silver  sand,  and  be  given  plenty  of  light  and 
heat.  When  growth  is  completed  dry  them  off  gradually, 
but  they  must  not  be  neglected  and  allowed  to  become 
dust  dry  in  the  summer.  They  are  well  worth  growing ; 
are  charmingly  pretty. 

Pleurothallis.     Brown.     Epiphyte. 
Name  from  Tr\evpd,  the  side,  and  0aAA«,  to  bloom. 

This  genus  contains  a  great  number  of  species  and 
varieties,  and  very  many  of  great  botanical  interest ;  but 
the  flowers  are  generally  small,  without  fragrance,  and 
not  to  be  recommended  to  amateurs. 


Polychilus. 
SYN.  of  Phafanopsis  Cornu-cervL 

Polycycnis.     Linden  and  Reichenbach.     Epiphyte. 

Name  from  TTO\US,  many,  and  KVKVOS,  a  swan. 
B.  Polycycnis  kpida.     New  Granada  ...     I.  H.,  3,  19. 
A  plant  with  the  general  aspect  of  a   Gongora,  produ- 
cing arching  spikes  of  yellowish  brown  flowers,  spotted 
with  carmine  ;  lip  large,  pale  yellow,  spotted  with  red. 


376  ORCHIDS. 

Polycycnis  barbatus  and  musciferus  are  referred  to  Cycno- 

ches. 

Requires  to  be  grown  in  a  basket,  to  display  it  to  best 
advantage,  in  peat  and  moss,  in  the  Mexican  house. 

Polystachya.     Hooker.     Epiphyte. 

Name  from  iro\vs,  many,  and  a-rdxvs,  a  spike. 
This  genus  contains  few  plants  of  interest. 

Polystachya  pubescens. 

From  South  Africa,  is  a  pretty  plant,  with  bright  golden 
yellow  flowers,  with  purple  lines.  It  should  be  grown  in 
peat  and  moss,  with  plenty  of  water  and  not  much  heat. 

Other  species  are  :  — 

Polystachya  bracteosa.     B.  M.,  4161. 
P.  carnea.     Fl.  des  Ser.,  1521. 
P.  grandiflora.     B.  M.,  3707. 
P.  luteola.     Hook.  Ex.,  103. 


Ponthieva.     Brown.     Terrestrial. 

Dedicated  to  M.  de  Ponthieu,  a  West  Indian  merchant. 

The  plants  of  this  genus  are  more  curious  than  beauti- 
ful ;  the  only  species  worth  the  attention  of  the  amateur 
is  :  — 

C.  Ponthieva  maculata.     New  Granada .     .     .     Portf.,  2. 
Flowers    white,    irregularly  marked    with    gray,   and 
spotted  with  purple  ;  lip  deep  yellow. 


DESCRIPTIVE  LIST.  377 

Ponthieva  petiolata Lodd.  Cab.,  760, 

B.  C.,  1190. 

These  plants  should  be  grown  in  peat,  leaf  mould,  and 
potsherds,  with  good  drainage. 

In  the  resting  season  they  should  be  removed  to  the 
cooler  house,  and  have  very  little  water. 

Preptanthe. 

A  name  proposed  for  the  deciduous  species  of  Cal- 
anthe. 

Prescottia.     Lindley. 

Name  in  honor  of  John  Prescott,  a  botanist  of  St.  Petersburg. 
There  is  nothing  desirable  in  this  genus. 

Prescottia  colorans.    B.  R.,  22,  1916. 
P.  plantaginia.    Lodd.  Cab.,  990. 
P.plantaginifolia.     Hook  Ex.,  115. 

Promenaea.     Lindley.     Epiphyte. 

For  npojuei/etcc,  a  prophetess  of  Dodona. 

B.  Promencsa  titrina.     Brazil. 

Flowers  rich  yellow,  with  dark  crimson  at  base  of  the 

HP. 

C.  Promencea  Rollinsonii.     Brazil. 
Flowers  pale  yellow,  produced  in  autumn. 

C.  Promencsa  stapelioides.     Brazil. 

Flowers  green  and  yellow ;  lip  blackish  purple,  in  July, 
August,  and  September. 


3/8  ORCHIDS. 

These  plants  are  more  curious  than  showy.  They 
may  be  grown  in  pots  in  peat  in  either  house  with  the 
same  treatment  as  Paphinia. 

R. 

Eenanthera.     Loureiro.     Epiphyte. 

Name  from  ren,  a  kidney,  and  anthera,  an  anther. 
C.  Renanthera  arachnitis.     Japan.     Lindley. 
SYNS.  Epidendrum  Flos  aeris  (Linn.). 
Limodorum  Flos  aeris  (Schwartz). 
Aerides  arachnitis  (Schwartz). 
Arachnis  moschifera  (Blume). 

Flowers  creamy  white  and  purple,  somewhat  resembling 
a  spider. 

This  species  is  more  correctly  Arachnis  moschifera, 
which  see. 

B.  Renanthera  coccinea.     Cochin  China. 

Sert.  Bot,  7.  B.  M.,  2997,  2998. 

War.  Orch.,  2,  37.     B.  R.,  1131. 

Pax.  Mag.,  4,  49. 

Sepals  pale  scarlet,  irregularly  marked  with  deeper 
scarlet ;  petals  vivid  scarlet,  banded  with  white ;  lip  yel- 
low, marked  with  scarlet.  A  very  showy  plant,  but  very 
difficult  to  bloom ;  it  does  not  flower  until  very  strong, 
and  seems  to  require  much  light  and  sun. 

B.  Renanthera  Lowii.     Borneo     .     .     Bat.  2d  Cen.,  161. 

War.  Orch.,  2,  4. 
B.  M.?  5475. 

A  rare  Orchid,  with  broad,  dark  green  foliage,  thick, 
fleshy  roots,  and  flower-spikes  six  to  twelve  feet  long, 


DESCRIPTIVE  LIST.  379 

with  two  kinds  of  flowers,  two  at  the  base  of  the  spike 
tawny  yellow,  spotted  with  crimson ;  the  others  reddish 
brown,  with  lines  of  greenish  yellow.  This  species  does 
not  bloom  until  it  becomes  large. 

C.  Renanthera  matutina.     Manilla   .     .     B.  R.,  1843,  41. 

Pes.,  12. 
Flowers  small,  scarlet,  shaded  with  yellow  ;  very  bright 

and  pretty,  looking  like  some  gorgeous  insect. 

/ 
These  plants  are  long  growing,  and  should  be  grown 

on  long  blocks. 

They  should  have  plenty  of  light,  the  stem  and  leaves 
be  kept  almost  dry,  and  the  roots  moist,  and  should  have 
plenty  of  heat. 

They  are  all  somewhat  difficult  to  bloom ;  and  the 
secret  seems  to  be  to  give  the  plant  violent  changes  in 
treatment,  and  thus  force  it  to  break  into  bloom. 


Restrepia.     fatnth.     Epiphyte. 

Meaning  unknown. 
Restrepia  antennifera.     Colombia    ....     I.  H.,  641. 

A  pretty  little  plant,  with  curious,  many-colored  flowers, 
and  well  worthy  of  cultivation. 

Upper  sepals  white,  streaked  with  purple  ;  lower,  red- 
dish crimson,  dotted  with  blackish  purple  ;  petals  like 
antennae. 

Restrepia  ekgans.     Caracas     .     .     .     .     Fl.  des  Ser.,  743. 

B.  M.,  5966. 

Another  pretty  species,  with  small  bright  flowers, 
marked  somewhat  like  the  last,  but  with  more  yellow. 


380  ORCHIDS. 

Restrepia  punctata.     SYN.  of  Restrepia  elegans. 

These  plants  are  of  easy  culture  in  the  cool  house ; 
they  should  be  potted  in  peat  and  moss,  and  kept  moist. 
All  bloom  in  summer  very  freely. 

Rodriguezia.     Ruiz  and  Pavon.     Epiphyte. 

Dedicated  to  the  botanist  Rodrigues. 

C.  Rodriguezia planif olia.     Brazil     .     .     .     B.  M.,  3504. 
Flowers  yellow,  shaded  with  green  ;  very  fragrant. 

B.  Rodriguezia  secunda.     Trinidad  .     .     .     B.  M.,  3524. 
SYNS.  Rodriguezia  lanceolata.  B.  R.,  930. 

Pleurothallis  cocdnea  (Hooker).     Lodd.    Cab., 

676. 

Flowers  on  a  slender  stalk  ;  color  beautiful  scarlet  red. 

Rodriguezia  secunda  carnea  has  less  brilliant  flowers. 

The  following  are  species  :  — 

Rodriguezia  Barkerii.     B.  M.,  3497. 

R.  crispa.     B.  R.,  26,  54. 

R.  lanceolata.     Ruiz  and  Pavon.     Lodd.  Cab.,  676. 

R.  laxiflora. 

R.  maculata. 

R.  recurva.     SYN.  Gomezia  recurva.    Lodd.  Cab.,  660. 

These  plants  should  be  grown  in  well-drained  pots,  ex- 
cept secunda,  which  does  better  on  a  block  with  moss. 
They  require  a  moist,  hot  temperature. 


DESCRIPTIVE  LIST.  381 

Saocolabium.     Lindley.     Epiphyte. 

Name  from  saccus,  a  bag,  and  labium,  a  lip. 
A.  Saccolabium  ampullaceum.     Sylhet.     Lind.  Sert.,  17. 

B.  M.,  5595. 
Bat.  2d  Cen.,  186. 
Pax.  Mag.,  13,  49. 

A  slow-growing  species,  but  of  easy  culture.  Foliage 
about  five  inches  long  and  very  thick.  Flower-stalks 
erect,  shorter  than  the  leaves  ;  flowers  rosy  pink,  very 
close  set.  Blooms  in  May. 

A.  Saccolabium  ampullaceum  Moulmeinense.    Moulmein. 

F.  M,  393. 

A  very  beautiful  variety.  Foliage  spotted  with  brown 
on  the  under  side.  Flowers  rich  deep  rose. 

B.  Saccolabium  bigibbum.     Aracan     .     .     .     B.  M.,  5767. 
A  pretty  small-growing  species.     Flowers  on  a  short 

drooping  spike,  twelve  or  fifteen"  in  number,  pale  yellow  j 
lip  white,  with  fringed  edge.     Blooms  in  autumn. 

A.  Saccolabium  Blumei.     Java Pes.,  21. 

Sert.  O.,  47. 
I.  H.,  545. 

Sepals  and  petals  beautiful  violet  and  white  ;  lip  a 
deeper  shade  of  the  same  color,  with  white  tip. 

Saccolabium  Blumei  majus,  a  variety  with  larger  flowers 
and  of  stronger  growth.  Blooms  in  August  and  Septem- 
ber. 

Saccolabium  Blumei  Dayi  is  a  very  free-flowering  vari- 
ety, with  longer  spikes.  Flowers  white,  spotted  with 
purple. 


382  ORCHIDS. 

B.  Saccolabium  Calceolaria.    East  Indies. 

SYN.  Aerides  Calceolaria  (Smith).     Pax.  Mag.,  6,  97. 
Perianth  yellow,  marked  with  round  purple  spots ;  lip 
white,  marked  with  yellow  and  crimson  at  the  base. 

A.  Saccolabium  curvifolium.     Java    .     B.  M.,  5326. 

B.  R.,  1847,  58. 

Bat.  2d  Cen.,  130. 

I.  H.,  49,  3- 

Flowers  bright  vermilion.  Will  thrive  on  a  block  with- 
out moss.  A  charming  little  plant,  with  very  rich  flowers. 
It  requires  more  heat  than  most  of  the  species.  We  grow 
it  in  a  basket,  in  the  hottest  part  of  the  house.  Known 
also  as  Saccolabium  miniatum. 

The  varieties  Saccolabium  cunnfolium  luteum,  aurantia- 
cum,  and  splendent  differ  only  in  color  or  intensity  of  color 
of  flower.  All  bloom  in  early  spring. 

Saccolabium  Dayanum.    SYN.  of  Saccolabiiim  Blumei  Dayi. 

A.  Saccolabium  denticulatum.    Sylhet.    B.  M.,  4772. 

Pax.  Mag.,  7,  145. 

Perianth  greenish  yellow,  plentifully  marked  with  brown ; 
lip  large,  yellow,  edged  with  white. 

\.  Saccolabium  furcatum.     Java. 

A  pretty  but  rare  species,  resembling  Saccolabium  gut- 
tatum.  Flowers  white,  spotted  with  rose. 

A.  Saccolabium  giganteum.   Burmah.    B.  M.,  5635. 

Jen.  Orch.,  8. 
Fl.desSer.,  17  68,  as 
Vanda  densiflora. 


DESCRIPTIVE  LIST.  383 

Flowers  very  large,  in  long,  close,  pendent  racemes, 
delightfully  fragrant,  creamy  white,  spotted  with  am- 
ethyst; lip  rich  purple.  A  plant  of  slow  growth,  but 
very  free-blooming  when  it  gets  to  any  size.  The  flowers 
last  two  months  in  perfection,  and  perfume  the  whole 
house.  Blooms  from  December  to  March. 

A.  Saccolabium  guttatum.      East  Indies     .     B.  M.,  4108. 
SYNS.  Aerides  retusum  (Swartz).  B.  R.,  1443. 

Aerides  guttatum  (Roxburg) .  Wight,  I nd ., 

Epidendrum  retusum  (Linn .).  1 7 45 . 

Limodorum  retusum  (Swartz). 
Sarcanthus  guttatus  (Lindley). 

Perianth  white,  marked  with  violet-rose ;  lip  rosy  crim- 
son. The  racemes  are  often  fifteen  inches  long,  densely 
set  with  the  rich  blossoms. 

Saccolabium  guttatum  giganteum  is  a  very  fine  variety  of 
a  beautiful  plant.  The  foliage  is  longer  and  the  flowers 
of  more  decided  colors  and  larger. 

Saccolabium  guttatum  Holfordianum  .  War.  Orch.,  2, 18. 
A  magnificent  variety,  with  very  long  leaves  and  ra- 
cemes. Flowers  blush,  spotted  with  purple  ;  lip  rich 
crimson.  This  lovely  species  is  of  very  easy  culture,  and 
seldom  fails  to  bloom  freely. 

A.  Saccolabium  Harrisonianum.     Pulo  Copang. 

B.  M,  5433- 

Flowers  pure  white,  very  fragrant.  A  fine  species, 
allied  to  Saccolabium  violaceum ;  free-blooming,  and  very 
desirable,  blooming  in  midwinter,  the  flowers  lasting  two 
months  in  perfection. 


384  ORCHIDS. 

A.  Saccolabium  Huttoni.     Java    .     .     .     .     B.  M.,  5681. 
A  new  species,  much  resembling  Saccolabium  ampulla- 

ceum.     Flowers  large,  on  erect  spikes,  bright  rosy  purple, 
with  lip  of  a  deeper  shade. 

C.  Saccolabium  micranthum.     Sylhet. 

Perianth  violet ;  lip  deep  rose.     The  flowers  are  small, 
but  pretty. 

Saccolabium  miniatum.     SYN.  of  Saccolabium  curvifolium. 

B.  Saccolabium  papillosum.     Malabar     .     .     B.  R.,  1552. 

SYNS.  Aerides  undulatum  (Smith). 

Cymbidium  prcemcrsum  (Swartz). 
Epidendrum  pr&morsum  (Roxburg). 
Vanda  congesta. 

Perianth  creamy  white,  with  purple  rays;  lip  small, 
white.     Flower  fragrant. 

A.  Saccolabium  prcemorsum.     East  Indies. 

SYN.  Aerides prcemors a  (Willd.). 

Flowers  white,  beautifully  marked  with  delicate  rosy 
lilac. 

A.  Saccolabium  retusum.    Java    .     .     Fl.  des  Ser.,  1463. 
A  stout-growing  species,  producing  in  early  spring  long 
spikes  of  white  flowers,  spotted  with  delicate  rose. 

Saccolabium  rubrum.     SYN.  of  Saccolabium  ampullaceum. 

A.  Saccolabium  violaceum.    Manilla .     .     War.  Orch.,  14. 

A  beautiful  plant,   of  free  growth,   blooming  about 

Christmas,  and  bearing  a  profusion  of  long  racemes  of 


DESCRIPTIVE  LIST.  38$ 

white  flowers,  spotted  with  mauve  and  rose  ;  lip  dark 
mauve.  This  species  is  delightfully  fragrant,  and  lasts 
in  beauty  two  or  three  months.  We  grow  it  in  a  basket, 
as  thus  the  drooping  spikes  show  to  better  advantage.  It 
is  one  of  the  most  beautiful  of  Orchids. 

Saccolabium  Wightianum.     SYN.  of  Aerides  Wightii. 

These  plants  should  be  grown  like  Aerides,  either  on 
blocks  or  in  pots  or  baskets.  They  demand  the  same 
general  treatment ;  are  propagated  in  the  same  way.  The 
foliage  is  very  ornamental.  All  the  species  are  worth 
growing,  and  a  collection  can  hardly  have  too  many  Sac* 
colabiums. 

Sarcanthus.     Lindley.     Epiphyte. 

Name  from  <rop£,  flesh,  and  &v8o$,  flower. 
Sarcanthus  ermaceus.    Moulmein  .     .     Bat.  2d  Cen.,  193. 

B.  M.,  5630. 

A  very  pretty  little  species,  with  pink  and  white  flow- 
ers ;  lip  with  purple  markings.  The  flowers  are  freely 
produced,  on  drooping  spikes,  but  the  plant  is  very  slow- 
growing,  and  does  not  bloom  well  until  of  some  size. 

C.  Sarcanthus  paniculatus.     China     .     .     .     B.  R.,  220. 
SYNS.  Aerides  paniculatum. 

Vanda  paniculata. 

Flowers  yellow,  with  two  blood-red  rays  along  the  centre 
of  the  petals  and  sepals ;  lip  yellow. 

C.  Sarcanthus  rostratus.     China     .     .     .     .     B.  R.,  981. 

SYN.  Vanda  recurva  (Hooker). 
Perianth  orange,  edged  with  blood-red ;  lip  violet 
25 


386  ORCHIDS. 

C.  Sarcanthus  tcretifolius.     China     .     .     .     B.  M.,  3571. 

SYN.  Vanda  teretifolia  (Lindley). 

Perianth  yellowish  green,  with  three  blood-red  rays 
along  the  segments ;  lip  white,  edged  with  violet. 

These  plants  may  be  grown  in  pots,  on  blocks,  or  in 
wooden  baskets.  They  need  plenty  of  heat  and  copious 
waterings.  During  the  resting  season  they  should  be  re- 
moved to  the  cooler  part  of  the  house,  and  kept  almost 
dry. 

Sarcochilus.     Brown.     Epiphyte. 

Name  from  rrc£p|,  flesh,  and  xe*^os>  a  lip- 
C.  Sarcochilus  wiguiculatus.     Manilla. 

.Flowers  pale  yellow;  the  lateral  lobes  of  the  lip  are 
white,  striped  with  crimson,  the  middle  lobe  spotted  with 
crimson  ;  cultivated  as  prescribed  for  Burlingtonia. 

Sarcopodium. 

This  genus  is  now  referred  to  Bolbophyllum. 
The  only  showy  species  is  Sarcopodium  Lobbii,  known 
also  as  Bolbophyllum  Lobbii,   and  B.  Henshalli,  which 
see.  Card.  Mag.,  269. 

M.  O.  P.,  3. 
B.  M.,  4532. 

Sauroglossum.    Lindley..     Terrestrial. 

Name  from  travpos,  a  lizard,  and  yXwo-ffa,  a  tongue. 
Sauroglossum  elatum B.  R.,  1618. 


DESCRIPTIVE  LIST.  387 

Scaphiglottis.     Poeppig.     Epiphyte. 

Scaphiglottis  violacea B.  R.,  1901. 

B.  M.,  4071. 

Scaphiglottis pendula      .......     P.  and  E.,  98. 

There  is  nothing    to   recommend   to  the   amateur  in 
these  two  genera. 

Schomburgkia.     Lindley.     Epiphyte. 

Dedicated  to  Schomburgk. 
B.  Schomburgkia  crispa.     Demerara     .     B.  R.,  30,  23. 

Sert.  O.,  tab.  10. 

Flowers  brownish  yellow  ;  lip  white,  marked  with  lilac 
and  edged  with  sulphur-yellow. 

B.  Schomburgkia  Lyonsi.     Jamaica   .     Fl.  des  Ser.,  2130. 

B.  M.,  5172. 

Flower  white,  marked  with  reddish  purple ;  lip  edged 
with  yellow. 

B.  Schomburgkia  marginata.     Surinam       .     B.  M.,  3729. 

Sert.  O.,  13. 

Flowers  deep  orange,  edged  with  yellow ;  lip  delicate 
lilac. 

A.  Schomburgkia  tibicinis.  '  Honduras. 

B.  M.,  4476.          B.  R.,  31,  30  var. 

Bat.,  tab.  n.          Fl.  des  Ser.,  49  var. 
Perianth  lilac  outside  ;  chocolate  inside  ;  lip  white  out- 
side ;  inside  edged  with  lilac ;  lateral  lobes  shaded  yel- 


388  ORCHIDS. 

low,  and  marked  with  lilac;  the  middle  lobe  has  a  yellow 
spot,  very  delicately  marked  with  lilac. 

A.  Schomburgkia  undulata.     La  Guayra. 

Pes.,  32. 

War.  Orch.,  2,  21. 
B.  R.,  1845,  53. 

Perianth  beautiful  purple  ;  edges  wavy  ;  lip  small ;  pur- 
ple-violet. 

This  species  resembles  crispa,  but  differs  in  the  size 
and  deeper  color  of  the  flowers. 

These  plants  are  best  grown  on  blocks  well  covered 
with  moss.  They  require  a  good  supply  of  heat  and 
moisture  in  the  growing  season,  but  during  the  long  pe- 
riod of  rest  require  to  be  kept  cool.  They  must  be  well 
grown  or  they  will  not  flower. 

Scuticaria.     Lindley.     Epiphyte. 

Name  from  scutica,  a  whip. 

B.  Scuticaria  Dodgsoni.     Demerara. 

Leaves  dark  green,  terete  ;  spike  two-flowered  ;  flowers 
brown  and  yellow ;  lip  white,  marked  with  rose  and  yel- 
low. A  rare  plant. 

A.  Scuticaria  Hadwenii.  Rio  Janeiro.  Fl.  des  Ser.,  731. 

B.  M.,  4629. 

Very  much  resembles  Scuticaria  Steelii,  but  the  flowers 
are  more  erect  and  a  few  inches  higher ;  lip  white,  lighted 
with  deep  rose. 

Known  also  as  Bifrenaria  Hadwenii. 


DESCRIPTIVE  LIST.  389 

/ 

C.  Scuticaria  Steelii.     Demerara   .     .     .     .     B.  R.,  1986. 

The  flowers  proceed  from  the  bottom  of  the  bulb,  and 
are  creamy  yellow,  spotted  with  brownish  crimson. 

These  plants  are  best  grown  on  blocks,  with  a  little 
moss ;  they  are  of  easy  culture,  but  require  to  be  kept 
warm  and  moist.  The  flowers,  which  are  more  curious 
than  beautiful,  are  freely  produced.  Propagated  by  di- 
vision. 

Selenipedium.     Lindley. 

A  proposed  genus  for  Cypripedinum  caridum  (Pearcei), 
caudatitm,  Icevigatum,  and  Schliimii. 


Sobralia.     Ruiz  and  Pavon.     Terrestrial. 

For  F.  M.  Sobral,  a  Spanish  botanist. 

B.  Sobralia  decora.     Guatemala .     .     .     Bat,  tab.  26. 

Reich.  Xen.,  30. 
Flowers  small,  but  produced  for  a  long  time. 

A.  Sobralia  dichotoma.    New  Granada.     Ruiz  and  Pavon. 
Flowers  pure  white,  in  bunches  ;  they  are  large  and  of 

great  substance. 

B.  Sobralia  fragrans.     New  Granada   .     .     B.  M.,  4882. 
Flowers  pale  yellow ;   lip   brighter  yellow ;   very  fra- 
grant. 

A.  Sobralia  liliastrum.     Bahia    .     .     .     Sert.  O.,  tab.  29. 

Perianth  white  ;  lip  deep  rose. 

There  is  a  variety  with  lip  golden  yellow,  and  perianth 
deep  rose. 


390  ORCHIDS. 

\ 

A.  Sobralia  macrnntha.     Guatemala.  M.  O.  P.,  2. 

B.  M.,  4446. 

Pax.  Mag.,  14,  241. 

Bat,  tab.  37. 

Fl.  des  Sen,  669. 

Perianth  violet-purple ;  lip  large,  of  same  color,  with 
yellow  spot,  edged  with  white.  The  flowers  are  six  inches 
across. 

Sobralia  macrantha  splendens 

Has  darker  flowers  than  the  species,  but  not  so  large. 
This  is  often  called  "  Woolley's  variety;"  it  is  of  dwarf 
growth,  and  the  flowers  are  among  the  most  showy  of 
Orchids.  We  have  a  plant  two  feet  in  diameter,  which  is 
magnificent  when  in  bloom. 

Sobralia  Ruckeri.  New  Granada  .  .  Reich.  Xen.,  142. 
Flowers  large ;  sepals  and  petals  dark  mauve ;  lip 
crimson,  with  white  centre.  This  species  produces  four 
flowers  in  a  spike,  which,  unlike  those  of  other  species, 
all  expand  at  the  same  time.  A  rare  plant. 

C.  Sobralia  sessilis.     Guiana  .     .     .     .     B.  M.,  4570. 

B.  R.,  1841,  17. 

M.  O.  P.,  i. 

Perianth  rose  ;  lip  of  a  deeper  shade.  Flowers  remain 
in  perfection  only  a  few  hours. 

These  plants  should  be  grown  in  large,  deep,  well- 
drained  pots,  in  either  the  East  Indian  or  the  Mexican 
house,  in  rough  peat,  with  copious  waterings  during 
growth,  but  very  little  when  at  rest.  Propagated  by 
division. 


DESCRIPTIVE  LIST.  391 

Sophronitis.     Lindley.     Epiphyte. 

Name  from  <r«4>poj/a,  modest. 

C.  Sophronitis  cernua.     Rio  Janeiro       .     .     B.  M.,  3677. 

B.  R.,  1129. 

Flowers  carmine;  lip  same  color;  yellow  shading, 
small,  in  bunches,  in  winter. 

Sophronitis  coccinea.     Brazil. 

Flowers  three  inches  in  diameter;  sepals  and  petals 
brilliant  scarlet ;  lip  yellow,  with  vermilion  bars. 

A.  Sophronitis  grandiflora.     Rio  Janeiro. 

B.  R.,  1919,  as  Cat-          M.  O.  P.,  i. 

tkya.  Fl.  des  Ser.,  19, 1716. 

Jen.  Orch.,  5.  Sert.  O.,  tab.  5. 

F.  M.,  329.  B.  M.,  3709. 

Flowers  large,  bright  scarlet,  the  lateral  lobes  tinted 
with  yellow.  Blooms  in  November  and  December. 

C.  Sophronitis  violacea.     Rio  Janeiro    .     B.  R.,  1840,  18. 
Flowers  violet,  marked  with  lilac.    Easily  distinguished 
by  its  numerous  dry  and  scaly  bracts. 

The  two  first  species  should  be  grown  on  blocks,  with 
moss ;  care  must  be  taken  not  to  keep  them  too  wet  or 
dry ;  the  plants  are  small,  and  need  constant  attention. 

During  the  resting  season  they  should  have  but  very 
little  water,  but  should  never  be  allowed  to  dry.  The 
last-named  species  may  be  grown  in  a  pot  with  moss. 


392  ORCHIDS. 

Specklinia.     Lindley.     Epiphyte. 

Name  for  Rudolph  Specklin. 
There  is  nothing  to  recommend  in  this  genus. 

Stanhopea.     Hooker.     Epiphyte. 

Dedicated  to  Earl  Stanhope. 
B.  Stanhopea  aurea.     Guatemala. 

Sepals  clear  orange,  marked  with  purple  ;  petals  a 
deeper  shade  of  the  same  color  marked  with  deeper  pur- 
ple ;  lip  deep  orange,  with  a  purple  spot  on  each  side. 
Flowers  large  and  fragrant. 

B.  Stanhopea  Barkerii. 

This  is  a  variety  of  Stanhopea  Wardii,  without  the 
eyes  ;  the  lip  is  delicate  white ;  flower  very  fragrant. 

B.  Stanhopea  Bucephalus.     Quito     .     .     M.  O.  P.,  2. 

SYNS.   Epidendrum  grandiflorum     B.  R.,  1845,  24. 

(Humboldt  and  Bonplan).  B.  M.,  5278. 
Anguloa  grandiflora. 

Flowers  pale  yellow,  with  two  black  eyes  at  the  base  of 
each  petal  \  crimson  marking  on  the  sepals  j  lip  deep  yel- 
low j  very  fragrant. 

B.  Stanhopea  Cavendishii.     Peru. 
Flowers  white,  marked  with  purple. 

B.  Stanhopea  Devoniensis.     Mexico     .     Fl.  des  Ser.,  974. 
SYNS.  Stanhopea  maculosa  Sert.  Orch.,  i. 

(Lodd.  Cab.). 
Anguloa  Hernanderii  (Kunth). 


DESCRIPTIVE  LIST.  393 

Flowers  yellow,  with  brownish  crimson  spots  ;  lip  white} 
with  deep  purple  blotches. 

B.  Stanhopea  ecornuta.  Central  America.  Fl.  des  Ser.,  181. 

B.  M.,  4885. 

Sepals  and  petals  white,  delicately  spotted  with  yellow- 
ish red  at  the  top ;  petals  much  smaller  than  the  sepals  ; 
lip  orange-yellow,  shading  to  pure  white,  without  the 
horns  so  prominent  in  other  species. 

B.  Stanhopea  eburnea.     Brazil  .     .       B.  M.,  3359. 
SYN.  Stanhopea  grandiflora        B.  R.,  1529. 
(Lindley).  I.  H,  531. 

Maund,  Bot.,  4,  176. 

Perianth  ivory  white  ;  lip  varies  in  color  j  very  fra- 
grant. 

Stanhopea  grandiflora.     Trinidad. 

Perianth  and  lip  pure  white ;  whole  flower  very  large. 

B.  Stanhopea  graveolens.  Peru  .  .  Fl.  des  Ser.,  69,  70. 
Perianth  delicate  pale  yellow ;  lip  beautiful  egg-yellow, 
shading  to  ivory  white,  delicately  marked  with  purple. 
The  perfume  of  this  species  is  so  strong  as  to  be  dis- 
agreeable. 

B.  Stanhopea  guttulata  or  guttata.  Peru.   Lem.  Jard.,  309. 
Perianth  nankeen-yellow,  covered  as  well  as  the  lip 
with  small  crimson  dots. 

Stanhopea  inodora.     Mexico .     .     .     B.  R.,  1845,  ta^-  65. 

M.  O.  P.,  i. 
Flowers   pale   straw   color ;    upper  part  of  lip   deep 


394  ORCHIDS. 

orange-yellow.      Flowers   without    perfume.      Stanhopea 
amotna  is  probably  a  variety  of  this  species. 

B.  Stanhopea  insignis.     Brazil  .     .     .     B.  M.,  2948,  2949. 

B.  R,  1837. 

Lodd.  Cab.,  1985. 

Sert.  Bot.,  7. 

Sepals  pale  yellow,  marked  with  purplish  red ;  petals 
pale  yellow,  with  brownish  spots ;  lip  white,  marked  with 
blood-red. 

The  following  are  good  varieties  of  this  species  :  — 
Stanhopea  insignis  atrorubens. 
S.  insignis  leucochila. 
S.  insignis  major. 
S.  insignis  ptinctata. 
S.  insignis  spedosa. 
S.  insignis  stiperba. 

B.  Stanhopea  maculosa.     Mexico     .     .     .     FI.  Cab.,  121. 
This  plant  is  only  a  variety  of  Stanhopea  tigrina,  with 
smaller  flowers  and  different  markings. 

B.  Stanhopea  Lindleyana.     Brazil. 

Flowers  white,  slightly  rosy,  plentifully  marked  with 
rings  of  crimson  and  brown. 

A.  Stanhopea  Martiana.     Mexico      .     M.  O.  P.,  5. 

Bat,  i,  27. 

Fl.  des  Sen,  2 1 12. 

Sepals  and  petals  straw-colored,  spotted  with  red ;  lip 
ivory-white. 

A.  Stanhopea  Martiana  bicolor.  Oaxaca.   B.  R.,  1843,  44. 
Flowers  pure  white,  richly  but  sparsely  marked  with 
crimson  ;  large  and  fragrant. 


DESCRIPTIVE  LIST.  395 

B.  Stanhopea  oculata.     Mexico     .     .     .     .     B.  M.,  5300. 

SYN.  Ceratochilus  oculatus.  B.  R.,  1800. 

Flowers  yellow,  spotted  with  small  purple  rings  ;  lip 

with  a  large  spot  somewhat  resembling  an  eye  on  each 

lobe. 

Stanhopea  oculata  Barkeriana. 

This  plant  resembles  Stanhopea  msignis,  with  the  lip  of 
Stanhopea  oculata. 

B.  Stanhopea  quadricornis.     Central  America. 

M.  O.  P,  3. 

B.  R.,  1838,  5. 

Sepals  yellow,  marked  with  red  ;  lip  rose-carmine  at 
the  base,  shading  through  greenish  white  to  a  yellow  tip. 

B.  Stanhopea  Ruckeri.     Mexico  .     .     .     Lem.  Jard.,  375. 
This  species  resembles  Stanhopea  Wardii,  but  is  paler 
in  color,  has  much  more  white,  and  is  spotted. 

B.  Stanhopea  saccata.  Guatemala  ....  Bat,  15. 
Perianth  pale  greenish  yellow ;  lip  ivory-white  at  the 
tip,  the  centre  drawn  into  the  form  of  a  sack,  of  a  deep 
orange-yellow.  The  odor  is  even  stronger  than  Stan- 
hopea graveolens. 

B.  Stanhopea  saccata  violacea.     Bahia. 

This  is  a  fine  variety  of  the  preceding.  The  sack,  in- 
stead of  being  yellow,  is  a  beautiful  deep  violet ;  perfume 
pleasant. 

A.  Stanhopea  tigrina.     Mexico     .    .    .     M.  O.  P.,  4. 

B.  M.,  4197. 
B.  R.,  1839,  i. 
Bat.,  7. 


396  ORCHIDS. 

Sepals  large,  deep,  nankeen  yellow ;  petals  narrow,  the 
same  color ;  both  covered  with  large,  irregular  orange- 
red  spots ;  lip  yellow,  with  deep  purple,  chocolate  spots. 
Flowers  very  large  and  fragrant. 

Stanhopea  tigrina  lutescens.  A  fine  variety  from  Guate- 
mala. Flowers  brilliant  yellow  or  orange,  barred  with 
deep  chocolate. 

Stanhopea  tigrina  superba     .     .     .     Fl.  des  Ser.,  713—715. 
A  variety  with  deeper   colors  than  the  species,   and 
spotted  with  reddish  violet,  producing  the  largest  flowers 
of  the  genus. 

A.  Stanhopea  virginalis.    Bahia. 

Flowers  large,  pure  white,  smelling  like  orange-blos- 
soms, and  remaining  long  in  perfection. 

B.  Stanhopea  Wardii.     La  Guayra     .     Fl.  Cab.,  90. 

B.  M.,  5289. 
Sert.  O.,  tab.  20. 

Perianth  dull  yellow,  with  brown  spots ;  lip  red,  yellow, 
and  orange. 

All  the  plants  of  this  genus  are  worthy  of  a  place  in  a 
collection.  The  flowers  are  produced  several  together, 
on  spikes  from  the  bottom  of  the  bulbs.  The  plants 
should  be  grown  in  shallow  hanging  baskets  filled  with 
coarse  peat,  moss,  and  charcoal,  with  plenty  of  space 
between  the  bars  of  the  baskets  for  the  flower-stalks  to 
push  out. 

Care  should  be  taken  not  to  rot  the  young  shoots  by 
water,  which  from  their  shape  they  easily  retain. 

During  the  long  rest  which  they  require,  they  should 


DESCRIPTIVE  LIST.  397 

be  kept  almost  dry  at  the  roots.  The  flowers  are  usually 
produced  in  summer  and  autumn,  and  remain  only  a  few 
days  in  perfection.  These  plants  should  not  be  repotted 
oftener  than  once  in  three  or  four  years  ;  but  when  the 
masses  of  pseudo-bulbs  grow  large,  the  plants  flower  bet- 
ter if  they  are  broken  up. 

Stenia.     Linden  and  Reichenbach.     Epiphyte. 

Name  from  erev^s,  narrow,  from  the  form  of  the  pollinia. 
A.  Stenia  fimbriata.  New  Granada  .  .  .  I.  H.,  3,  80. 
A  very  showy  plant  (without  pseudo-bulbs),  with  long, 
narrow,  dark-green  leaves.  Flowers  on  slender  scapes 
from  base  of  foliage,  bright  yellow,  with  paler  lip,  beauti- 
fully fringed  and  spotted  with  carmine.  Blooms  in  sum- 
mer. 

Stenia  pallida.    Demerara B.  R.,  24,  20. 

Flowers  yellowish  white,  spotted  with  red. 

These  plants  require  the  same  treatment  as  Masdevallias. 

Stelis,  Stenocoryne,  Stenorhynchus. 

These  genera  (all  except  Stenorhynchus  epiphytes)  offer 
little  worthy  the  attention  of  the  amateur. 

Thunia.     Reichenbach.     Terrestrial. 

Name  in  compliment  to  Von  Thun. 

A.  Thunia  alba.    India Pax.  Mag.,  5,  125. 

SYN.  Phajus  albus.  B.  R.,  1838,  33. 

B.  M.,  3991. 


398  ORCHIDS. 

This  plant  has  already  been  described  under  its  former 
name,  Phajus.  It  is  a  deciduous  plant,  producing  terminal 
racemes  of  pure  white  flowers,  with  lines  of  lilac,  just  as 
growth  has  finished.  The  foliage  is  glaucous  green,  and 
when  well  grown  the  flowers  are  large,  making  it  a  most 
effective  plant. 

A.  Thunia  Bensonice.  Moulmein  .  .  .  Jen.  Orch.,  35. 

B.  M.,  5694. 

This  is  a  stouter- growing  species  than  Thunia  alba,  but 
not  so  tall.  It  resembles  it  in  foliage,  but  the  flowers  are 
lilac-purple  ;  lip  rich  purple,  crested  with  bright  yellow. 
A  very  beautiful  Orchid. 

Thunia  nivalis  is  a  pure  white  variety  of  Thunia  alba. 

These  plants  should  be  potted  in  coarse  fibrous  peat, 
with  a  little  silver  sand,  and  with  good  drainage,  when 
the  buds  swell  at  the  base  of  the  pseudo-bulbs.  They 
should  then  be  placed  in  the  warmest  house,  and  have  an 
abundance  of  water.  After  blooming,  gradually  reduce 
the  supply  of  water  until  the  leaves  fall ;  then  remove  the 
plants  to  the  cooler  house,  and  only  give  enough  water 
to  keep  the  stems  from  shriveling. 

They  are  easily  propagated  by  division  or  by  cutting 
up  the  stem  just  when  growth  is  completed,  and  rooting 
the  pieces  in  slight  bottom  heat,  like  ordinary  cuttings. 

Trichocentrum.    Poeppig  and  Endlicher.    Epiphyte. 

Name  from  0/w'£,  a  hair,  and  Kfvrpov,  a  spur,  from  the  long,  narrow 
spur  of  the  labellum. 

A.  Trichocentrum  atropurpureum.     Rio  Negro. 

B.  M.,  5688. 


DESCRIPTIVE  LIST.  399 

An  exceedingly  pretty  plant.  Petals  maroon-brown 
inside,  yellowish  green  outside;  lip  large,  white  with  two 
bright  purple  spots.  There  are  two  varieties,  one  with 
very  broad,  the  other  with  a  narrow  lip. 

C.  Trichocentrum  fuscum.     Mexico   .     .     .     B.  M.,  3969. 

B.  R.,  1951. 

A  species  with  very  dark  foliage  ;  brownish  yellow 
flowers,  with  white  lip,  marked  with  dull  red. 

A.  Trichocentrum  tigrinum.     Brazil. 

A  rare  species.  Flowers  very  large,  maroon  purple ; 
lip  very  large,  white,  with  orange  base. 

There  are  many  other  species,  chiefly  interesting  to  the 
botanist.  These  plants  should  be  grown  on  blocks  or  in 
small  baskets,  in  a  moderate  temperature  ;  they  bloom 
freely,  and  require  little  care. 

Trichopilia.    Lindley.    Epiphyte. 

Name  from  Qpl£,  hair,  and  iriXiov,  a  little  hat. 

B.  Trichopilia  Candida.     Mexico. 

Flowers  wholly  white  ;  lip  drawn  out  into  a  long  horn  ; 
very  fragrant.  Pilumna  fragrans  is  sometimes  called  Tri- 
chopilia Candida. 

B.  Trichopilia  coccinea.     New  Granada.    Pax.  Fl.  G.,  54. 

Card.  Mag.,  185. 

Fl.  des  Ser.,  1490. 

Lem.  Jard.,  184. 

Sepals  and  petals  brownish  and  yellow ;  lip  deep  crim- 
son, with  a  narrow  edge  of  white. 


4OO  ORCHIDS. 

A.  Trichopilia  crispa.     Costa  Rica      .     War.  Orch.,  5. 

B.    M.,    4857,   as 

coccinea. 

Bat.  2d  Cen.,  115. 
Fl.  des  Ser.,  1925. 

A  larger  plant  than  the  last,  but  resembling  it  in 
growth.  The  spike  is  pendulous,  producing  two  or  three 
flowers,  rich  port  wine  color,  sometimes  edged  with  white  ; 
lip  crisped,  deeply  lobed,  rosy  crimson  inside,  but  white 
outside.  The  same  bulb  produces  two  crops  of  flowers. 
There  are  fine  varieties. 

Trichopilia  fragrans.     SYN.  of  Pilumna  fragrans. 

B.  Trichopilia  Galeottiana.     Mexico. 

Flowers  large,  white  or  straw-color ;  lip  light  pink,  suf- 
fused with  yellow,  and  margined  with  white ;  sepals  and 
petals  not  twisted. 

Trichopilia  hymenantha.  New  Granada   .     Reich.  Xen.,  7 

B.  M.,  5949. 

This  is  the  most  delicate  of  the  genus.  The  foliage  is 
long,  narrow,  recurved,  the  raceme  six  to  eight-flowered ; 
sepals  and  petals  white ;  lip  broad  white,  speckled  with 
blood-red. 

C.  Trichopilia  laxa.     Mexico  .     .     .     .     B.  R.,  1846,  57. 
A  species  with  dark  green  foliage,  mottled  with  brown- 
ish spots,  and  half  erect  spikes  of  three  to  five  flowers, 
which  are  greenish  white,  tinged  with  purple,  with  creamy 
white  lip. 


ORCHIDS.  4OI 

A.  Trichopilia  lepida.  Costa  Rica  .  .  .  F.  M.,  2,  98. 
A  species  of  recent  introduction  and  very  rare.  The 
plant  bears  a  strong  resemblance  to  Trichopilia  crispa,  the 
flowers  are  pale  lilac-pink,  margined  with  white,  the  cen- 
tre of  the  lip  orange. 

Trichopilia  marginata.     SYN.  of  Trichopilia  coccinea. 

C.  Trichopilia  picta.     Chiapas I.  H.,  225. 

Flowers  pale  yellow,  spotted  with  brown. 

A.  Trichopilia  suavis.  Central  America.  Bat.  2d  Cen.,  164. 

Pax.  Fl.  G.,  ii. 

B.  M.,  4654. 

Fl.  des  Ser.,  761. 

I.  H.,  200. 

Lem.  Jard.,  227. 

Flowers  large,  perianth  pale  nankeen-yellow ;  lip  white, 
very  large,  richly  marked  with  clear  lilac,  with  delicate 
transverse  yellow  line  in  the  centre.  A  beautiful  plant, 
very  fragrant.  Blooms  in  March  and  April.  There  are 
many  varieties  varying  much  in  color ;  of  our  plants 
scarce  two  are  alike. 

B.  Trichopilia  tortilis.     Mexico     .     .     Maund,  Bot,  122. 

B.  M.,  3739. 
B.  R.,  1863. 
Fl.  Cab.,  101. 

Perianth  brownish  yellow,  twisted  like  a  corkscrew ;  lip 
white,  spotted  with  red.     There  are  two  varieties  —  Tri- 
chopilia punctata  and  T.  rubra —  both  worthy  a  place  in 
collections.     This  species  blooms   at  different  seasons, 
26 


402  ORCHIDS. 

and  by  having  several  plants  flowers  may  be  had  all  the 
time. 

B.  Trichopilia  Turialvce.  Costa  Rica.  Bat.  2d  Cen.,  162. 

B.  M.,  5550. 

This  species  somewhat  resembles  in  color  Trichopilia 
picta.  The  flower  is  yellowish  white  ;  lip  deeper  yellow, 
spotted  with  red. 

There  are  other  species  and  new  are  constantly  dis- 
covered. Some  are  dull-colored  and  small-flowered,  but 
most  are  well  worthy  of  cultivation. 

These  plants  should  be  grown  in  the  cool  house,  in 
well  drained  pots,  with  peat,  with  not  much  water  at  the 
roots  at  any  time.  They  will  also  do  well  on  cork,  with 
moss.  If  grown  in  pots  they  should  be  well  elevated 
above  the  rim,  as  thus  the  drooping  flowers  appear  to 
better  advantage. 

Trigonidium.     Lindley.     Epiphyte. 

Name  from  rpiywvov,  a  triangle,  and  e?5oy,  resemblance. 

Trigonidium  obtusum B.  R.,  1923. 

This  genus  affords  no  plants  of  interest. 

Uropedium.     Lindley.     Terrestrial. 

Name  from  ovpd,  a  tail,  and  tr&iov,  slipper. 

A.   Uropedium  Lindenii.     Colombia     .     Pes.,  2. 

Reich.  Xen.,  15. 

This  plant  somewhat  resembles  Cypripedium  caudatum. 
The  colors  are  generally  dull  yellowish  white  or  green, 


DESCRIPTIVE  LIST.  403 

with  veins  of  purple.  The  remarkable  feature  of  the 
plant  is  the  prolongation  of  the  petals  and  lip  to  the  ex- 
traordinary length  of  eighteen  inches.  The  plant  requires 
the  same  general  culture  as  Cypripedhim,  but  must  at  times 
have  plenty  of  water.  Its  resting  season  is  very  short,  and 
it  must  never  be  allowed  to  dry  up.  The  flower  comes 
from  the  centre  of  the  leaves,  after  growth  is  completed. 

I 
Vanda.     Brown.     Epiphyte. 

The  Indian  name. 

A.    Vanda  Batemanii.     Philippines  .     M.  O.  P.,  i. 

B.  R.,  1846,  59. 

Fl.  des  Ser.,  1921. 

A  magnificent  plant.  The  flowers  are  yellow,  sprinkled 
with  crimson  spots ;  the  back  of  the  sepals  and  petals 
beautiful  purple-rose  shading  to  violet.  Blooms  in  sum- 
mer. 

A.  Vanda  Bensonia.    Rangoon     .     .     Bat.  2d  Cen.,  192. 

B.  M.,  5611. 

A  very  pretty  species,  producing  flowers  of  medium 
size,  white  outside,  olive-green,  dotted  with  red,  inside  \ 
lip  white  and  purple  ;  flower-spikes  many -flowered ;  blos- 
soms peculiarly  fragrant.  The  roots  of  this  species  are 
thicker  than  any  other. 

B.  Vanda  Cathcartii.     India    .     .     .     Fl.  des  Ser.,  1251. 

F.  M.,  2,  66.    Jen.  Orch.,  10. 

I.  H.,  187.       B.  M,  5845- 

Flowers  large  and  fleshy,  chocolate-brown  and  yellow. 
A  plant  of  rambling  growth,  and  inferior  to  many  of  the 
genus. 


404  ORCHIDS. 

A.    Vanda  ccerulea.     East  Indies  .     .     Fl.  des  Ser.,  609. 
I.  H.,  246.  Pax.  Fl.  G.,  36. 

Lem.  Jard.,  102.         M.  O.  P.,  2. 
War.  Orch.,  18.  Jen.  Orch.,  34. 

Pes.,  29. 

Flowers  large,  four  inches  in  diameter,  delicate  blue  • 
lip  short,  of  a  deeper  blue.  Blooms  in  autumn.  This  is 
one  of  the  loveliest  of  Orchids.  Well  executed  as  the 
pictures  of  it  are,  they  fail  to  give  a  just  idea  of  its 
beauty,  which  indeed  no  words  can  describe.  No  collec- 
tion should  be  without  this  charming  plant.  It  blooms 
freely  and  grows  well,  but  does  not  require  as  much  heat 
as  the  other  species.  We  grow  our  plants  in  baskets,  in 
preference  to  pots.  Large  plants  are  very  scarce. 

A.   Vanda  ccerulescens.     Burmah     .     .     B.  M.,  5834  (very 

badly  colored). 

A  little  gem  of  a  plant.  Foliage  narrow.  Flowers 
on  a  very  long  spike,  lilac-blue,  with  rich  deep-blue  lip. 
The  individual  flowers  are  small,  but  the  spike  is  many- 
flowered,  and  the  colors  are  very  'attractive.  Grow  in  a 
basket  suspended  from  the  roof,  in  the  warmest  house. 

Vanda  congesta.     See  Saccolabium  pappillosum. 

A.   Vanda  cristata.     Nepaul B.  R.,  28,  48. 

B.  M.,  4304. 

M.  O.  P.,  3. 

Perianth  white,  tinted  with  green  ;  lip  very  large,  yel- 
lowish white,  striped  with  brownish  purple.  Blooms  from 
March  to  July. 


DESCRIPTIVE  LIST.  405 

A.    Vanda  Denisoniana.    Burmah     .     .     .     B.  M.x  5811. 

I.  H.,  3,  150. 

The  flowers  are  produced  on  short  racemes,  are  five 
or  six  in  number,  very  fleshy,  about  two  inches  in  diam- 
eter, pure  white,  tinged  with  green,  with  faint  orange  at 
the  base  of  the  lip. 

Vanda  densiflora.     SYN.  of  Saccolabium  giganteum. 

C.    Vanda  furva.    East  Indies  .     .     .     .     B.  R.,  1844,  42. 
SYNS.  Angrczcum  furvum  (Rum-  B.  M.,  3416,  as 

phius). 

Cym&idi!tmfurvum(Wi\lderiovf).     V.  unicolor. 
Epidendrum  furvum  (Linn.). 
Flowers  brownish  copper-color,  with  rose  lip. 

A.  Vanda  gigantea.     East  Indies.     Lindley. 

SYN.    Vanda  Lindley  ana.  Bat.  2d  Cen.,  142. 

B.  M.,  5189. 
I.  H.,  277. 

Flowers  large,  deep  yellow,  with  cinnamon-brown 
blotches.  The  leaves  of  this  plant  are  very  thick  and 
massive,  and  the  whole  effect  is  majestic.  As  the  plants 
get  larger,  they  will  prove  the  most  imposing  of  Orchids. 

B.  Vanda  Griffithii.     East  Indies.     Griffith. 

Flowers  yellowish  brown  inside,  checkered  ;  lip  lilac, 
marked  at  the  base  with  deep  yellow  spots.  Flowers 
small,  in  a  corymb. 

A.    Vanda  helvola.     Java.     Blume. 

Flowers  large,  wine-red,  shading  to  pale  purple,  with 
lateral  lobes  of  a  deeper  purple. 


406  ORCHIDS. 

Vanda  Hookeri.     India. 

A  plant  resembling  a  small  form  of  Vanda  teres.  It  is 
in  cultivation,  but  has  not  yet  bloomed. 

A.    Vanda  insignis.    Moluccas  ....     Jen.  Orch.,  46. 

B.  M,  5759. 

Flowers  copper-brown,  spotted  with  rich  red,  yellowish 
on  the  outside  ;  lip  large,  white,  with  rich  purple  red 
centre.  A  very  beautiful  and  fragrant  species. 

R.    Vanda  lamellata.    Philippines  .     .     B.  R.,  1838,  125. 
Flowers  pale  yellow,  striped  with  dull  red. 

A.    Vanda  limbata.     Java B.  M.,  6173. 

A  species  nearly  related  to  Vanda  insignis,  but  distinct 
in  foliage,  form  of  lip,  and  color  of  flower.     Spike  erect, 
of  medium  length,  ten  or  twelve  flowered.     Flowers  two' 
inches  in  diameter,  cinnamon-color,  tesselated  with  golden 
border  ;  lip  pale  lilac.     A  rare  species. 

Vanda  Lowii.     SYN.  of  Renanthera  Lowii. 
Vanda  parviflora.     SYN.  of  Aerides  Wightii. 

A.    Vanda  Roxburghii.     East  Indies.     B.  M.,  2245,  3416, 
SYNS.   Vanda  tesselata.  var.  unicolor. 

Cymbidium  tesselatum.  SYN.  V.furva. 

B.  R.,  506. 
Fl.  des  Ser.,  2,  n. 
Sert.  Bot.,  7. 

Flowers  white,  but  varying  much  in  color ;  lip  purple. 
There  are  two  varieties,  one  having  a  much  deeper  col- 
ored lip. 


DESCRIPTIVE  LIST  4O/ 

A.    Vanda  suavis.     East  Indies     .     .     .     Pes.,  8. 

Bat.  2d  Cen.,  125.  B.  M.,  5174. 

Fl.  des  Ser.,  1604.  Jen.  Orch.,  23. 

Perianth  white  outside,  tinted  with  rosy  carmine ;  lip 
lilac,  tipped  with  white.  Flowers  very  fragrant.  A  very 
beautiful  plant.  It  blooms  generally  in  spring,  but  often 
at  other  seasons.  Of  free  growth,  easy  culture,  and  ex- 
quisitely beautiful,  it  is  a  most  desirable  plant.  There 
are  many  varieties,  all  good. 

A.  Vanda  teres.  Sylhet B.  M.,  4014. 

Pax.  Mag.,  5,  193.  B.  R.,  1809. 

Flowers  blood-red,  bordered  with  white  ;  lip  veined 
with  yellow  and  spotted  with  crimson.  This  species  is 
difficult  to  flower.  It  should  be  kept  almost  dry  during 
the  winter.  Does  bast  on  a  block  of  wood  plunged  in  a 
pot.  The  stems  look  like  green  quills.  Flowers  four 
inches  in  diameter,  and  exquisitely  beautiful. 

Vanda  teres  Andersoni.  A  variety  with  richer  colored 
flowers,  and  more  free  in  producing  them. 

Vanda  tesselata.     SYN.  of  Vanda  Roxburghii. 

Pax.  Mag.,  7,  265. 

A.    Vanda  tricolor.     Manilla  ....     Pes.,  42. 

Pax.  Fl.  G.,  42.  B.  M.,  4432. 

War.  Orch.,  2,  30.          B.  R.,  1847. 

Lem.  Jard.,  136.  Fl.  des  Ser.,  641. 

Perianth  white  outside,  pale  yellow  or  white,  richly 
spotted  with  purple,  inside  ;  lip  deep  violet,  marked  with 
white ;  flowers  large.  Of  this  lovely  plant  there  are 
many  varieties,  some  of  surpassing  beauty,  and  all  good. 
We  know  of  fifteen  well  defined.  They  differ  in  shades  of 


408  ORCHIDS. 

color,  intensity  of  lip  and  size,  and  profusion  of  flower. 
The  most  distinct  are  Vanda  tricolor  Dodgsoni,  superba, 
multiflora,  and  Russelliana. 

Our  largest  plant  is  never  out  of  bloom,  and  has  this 
last  year  had  forty  flowers  at  a  time. 

Vanda  violacea.     SYN.  of  Saccolabium  violaceum. 

These  plants  require  to  be  treated  like  Aerides.  Their 
season  of  rest  is  ordinarily  in  the  winter,  when  they  should 
be  kept  cooler  and  have  less  water  than  during  the  grow- 
ing season.  They  thrive  well  in  large,  deep  wooden  bas- 
kets, in  moss  and  potsherds.  We  grow  the  small  plants 
in  hanging  baskets,  the  larger  in  Orchid  pots.  Being 
natives  of  hot  countries,  they  need  the  hottest  house,  but 
we  find  they  do  not  require  as  high  a  temperature  as 
most  growers  give  them,  and  in  our  warmest  house  the 
thermometer  frequently  falls  to  fifty  at  night,  the  plants 
seeming  to  thrive  better  for  this  same  cool  treatment. 

Vanilla.     Plumier.     Epiphyte. 

Name  from  the  Spanish. 

Lodd.  Cab.,  733. 

The  species,  Vanilla  aromatica  and  planifolia,  are  grown 
not  so  much  for  the  flowers,  which  are  insignificant,  as  to 
obtain  the  fruit  by  artificial  impregnation,  which  is  easily 
performed.  The  plants  are  best  grown  in  pots  in  peat 
and  leaf  mould,  and  should  be  trained  to  wires  and  al- 
lowed to  droop  from  the  rafters.  They  should  have  heat 
and  moisture  during  the  growing  season. 

Vanilla  hitescens.     La  Guayra  .    .     .     Fl.  des  Ser.,  2218. 
A  newly  introduced  and  very  rare  plant ;  petals  and 


DESCRIPTIVE  LIST.  409 

sepals  greenish  yellow ;  lip  very  bright  yellow ;  flowers 
large,  two  or  more  together,  from  axils  of  leaves,  resem- 
bling somewhat  in  general  appearance  Cattleya  ritrina. 

Vanilla  Phalcenopsis.     Madagascar   .     Fl.  des  Sen,  1769. 
Flowers  large,  white,  with  rich  orange  lip  ;  produced  in 
large  bunches  from  the  axils  of  the  leaves.     A  very  beau- 
tiful plant. 

w. 

Warrea.     Lindley.     Epiphyte. 

Name  for  Mr.  Frederic  Warre. 
Warrea  Candida.     SYN.  of  Warscewiczella  Candida. 

B.  Warrea  cyanea.     Colombia      .     .     Fl.  des  Ser.,  i,  51. 

B.  R.,  1845,  28. 

Perianth  white  ;  lip  most  beautiful  blue. 

Warrea  digitata.     SYN.  of   Warscewiczella  Candida. 

Warrea  Lindeniana.     New  Granada  .     Card.  Mag.,  177. 
A  tall-growing  species  ;  flowers  on  tall  spike  from  base 
of  pseudo-bulbs,  large,  yellowish  white ;  lip  lilac  at  the 
base,  streaked  with  purple. 

Warrea  marginata   and    Warrea  quadrata.      SYNS.    of 
Warsceiuiczella  quadrata. 

B.  Warrea  tricolor.     Brazil B.  M.,  4235. 

Perianth  pure  white;  lip  white,  marked  with  purple 
and  yellow. 

Warrea  Wailesiana.     SYN.  of  Warscewiczella  Wailesiana. 


4IO  ORCHIDS. 

These  plants  do  well  with  moderately  warm  culture  in 
pots  in  peat  and  moss.  They  must  not  be  allowed  to  dry 
up,  and  are  impatient  of  bad  drainage.  All  are  neat  in 
habit,  and  showy  in  flower ;  they  require  no  rest,  and 
bloom  freely. 

Warscewiczella.     Reichcnbach.     Epiphyte. 

In  honor  of  Von  WarscewScz. 

A.    Warscewiczella  Candida.     Bahia     ....     Pes.,  15. 
Perianth  pure  white  ;  lip  white,  with  a  rich  purple  spot. 

A.    Warscewiczella  cochleata.     Trinidad  .     .     B.  R.,  1857. 
SYN.  Zygopetalum  cochleare.  B.  M.,  3585. 

Perianth  white  ;  lip  blue,  veined  with  red. 

Warscewiczella  discolor.     Costa  Rica     .     B.  M.,  4830,  as 

Warrea. 

Flowers  pale  lemon  color,  tinged  with  purple ;  lip  dull 
purple. 

Warscewiczella  marginata.     SYN.  of  Warscewiczella  quad- 
rata. 

Warscewiczella  quadrata.     Central  America. 

B.  M.,  4766.  I.  H.,  552. 

Bat.  2d  Cen.,  127.      Pes.,  6. 

Flowers  white ;  lip  very  large,  white,  with  bright  red 
margin.  Known  also  as  Huntleya  marginata. 

Warscewiczella  velata.  New  Granada  .  .  B.  M.,  5582. 
Leaves  in  tufts  of  about  five,  usually  with  four  single 
flowered  peduncles  ;  sepals  and  petals  yellowish  white ; 
lip  same  color,  but  with  crimson  margin,  with  purple 
lines  ;  flower  very  large. 


DESCRIPTIVE  LIST.  41 1 

B.    Warscciviczdla  Wailesiana.     Rio  Janeiro. 

A  species  much  resembling  Warscewiczella  Candida,  and 
perhaps  the  same  ;  the  spot  on  the  lip  is  violet ;  flowers 
fragrant. 

z. 

Zygopetalum.     Hooker.     Epiphyte. 

Name  from  £vy6s,  a  yoke,  and  ir&a.\ov,  a  petal. 
Zygopetalum  aromaticum.     Central  America. 

Reich.  Xen.,  73. 

A  rare  species ;  sepals  and  petals  light  green ;  lip 
large,  deep  blue,  margined  with  white  ;  very  fragrant. 

A.  Zygopetalum  brachypetalum.     Brazil. 

Sepals  and  petals  violet,  marbled  with  green  and  deep 
blush  violet ;  lip  veined  with  white. 

Zygopetalum  cerinum.     See  Huntleya  cerina. 

Zygopetalum  cochleare.     SYN.  of  Warscewiczella  cochleata. 

A.  Zygopetalum  crinitiun.     Brazil .     .     Lodd.  Cab.,  1687. 

Perianth  yellowish  green,  marked  with  brown ;  lip 
white,  with  longitudinal  rays  and  velvety  purple  spots. 

A  variety  of  Zygopetalum  Mackayi,  but  with  larger  and 
better  colored  flowers. 

Zygopetalum  crinitum  cceruleum. 

A  variety  of  crinitum,  with  white  or  cream-colored  lip, 
barred  with  bright  blue.  Flowers  large  and  fragrant. 


OF  THf 

UNIVERSITY 


412 


ORCHIDS. 


Zygopetalum  Gautieri.     Brazil I.  H.,  535. 

A  pretty  plant,  by  some  considered  a  form  of  Zygopeta- 
lum  maxillard. 

Flowers  very  large  ;  sepals  and  petals  green,  barred 
with  brown ;  lip  white,  with  intense  purple  blotch. 
Blooms  in  spring. 

Zygopelatum  gramineum. 

Leaves  narrow,  light  green  ;  flowers  white  and  purple, 
two  or  three  on  a  spike. 

B.  Zygopetalum  intermedium.     Brazil.     B.  R.,  1844. 

SYN.  Zygopetalum  velutinum  Lodd.  Cab.,  1136. 

(Loddiges). 

This  plant  is  a  variety  of  Zygopetalum  Mackayi,  but 
differs  in  having  a  pubescent  and  downy  lip.  It  also 
blooms  in  autumn. 

A.  Zygopetalum  Mackayi.     Brazil.     Lodd.  Cab.,  1674. 
Pax.  Mag.,  3,  97.      Sert.  Bot,  7. 
B.  M.,  2748. 

Perianth  greenish  yellow,  spotted  with  brown  ;  lip 
white,  marked  with  purple. 

There  are  varieties  differing  in  the  color  of  the  lip. 

A.  Zygopetalum  maxillare.     Brazil     .     Lodd.  Cab.,  1776. 

B.  M.,  3686. 

Pax.  Mag.,  4,  271. 

Perianth  yellow-green,  barred  with  chocolate  ;  lip  beau- 
tiful deep  blue.  Flowers  on  drooping  spikes. 


DESCRIPTIVE  LIST. 


413 


A.  Zygopetalum  rostratum.     Demerara  .     .     B.  M.,  2819. 

Perianth  yellowish-green  •  lip  white,  veined  with  rose. 
This  species  requires  more  heat  and  moisture  than  the 
others. 

B.  Zygopetalum  steuochilum.     Brazil  .     Lodcl.  Cab.,  1923. 

B.  M.,  2819. 

This  appears  to  be  a  smaller  variety  of  Zygopetalum 
Mackayi. 

These  plants  will  do  well  in  either  house  in  pots  with 
peat  and  good  drainage,  and  plenty  of  water  at  the  roots. 
They  need  a  rest  of  about  two  months,  but  should  never 
be  allowed  to  become  wholly  dry.  They  mostly  bloom  in 
autumn.  Propagated  by  division. 


CYPRIPEDIUM  CONCOLOR. 


ALPHABETICAL   TABLE 
Of  the  Genera,  with  the  Tribe  to  which  they  belong. 


GENERA. 

TRIBE. 

Acanthophippium    .... 

Vandeae. 
Vandeae 

Vandeas 

Ada    

Vandeas 

"VandcsE 

Vandca^ 

A^anisia                         .         • 

Vandc3£ 

Anasctocliilus  

NcottcsG 

Vandea^ 

Vandc3E 

Ansellia                      .... 

Vandcas 

Aporum       

Malaxidcas 

Vandca^ 

Epidcndrca^ 

Arpophyllum        

Epidcndrca^ 

Vandca^ 

ElpidcndrcsB 

Vandeae. 

Bifrenaria             ..... 

VandciE 

Bletia                    

EpidcndrccC 

Malaxidca^ 

Bollea 

Vandc3£ 

Brasavola    

Epidcndi'CeC 

Vandeae 

VandcsE 

Brou°"htonia    

Epidcndrcas 

Burlin°rtonia     ...... 

Vandeae 

Vandeae 

Vandeas 

Camarotis                   .... 

Vandeae 

Catasetuim  

Vandea? 

Cattleya  

Epidcndrcas 

Vandeae. 

Cirrhaea  . 

Vandeae. 

ALPHABETICAL    TABLE. 


415 


GENERA. 

TRIBE. 

Malaxideae. 

Cleisostoma     

Vandeas 

Malaxideas 

Ccelo^yne    

Malnxideas 

Vandeae 

Comparettia     

Fpidcndrc35 

Vandeas 

Cycnoches  

Vandcas 

Vandcas 

Cypripedium                  . 

Cypripedcas 

Cyrtochilum    

Vandeas 

Vandcas 

Cyrtopodium    

Vandeas 

Dendrobium    
Dendrochilum      .... 

Malaxideas. 
Malaxideae 

Dichaea  

Vandeas 

Vandeas 

Dienia     

Malaxideas 

Epidendrea^ 

Dipodium    

Vandeas 

Disa   

Oplirydeas 

Drymoda     

Kpidendrum     

Epidendreas 

Epistephium         ... 

Eria    

Malaxideas 

Epidendreas 

Eulophia     

Vandeas 

Fernandezia 

Vandeas 

Galeandra  

Vandeas 

Galeottia     

Vandeas. 

Gon°"ora  

Vandeas 

Goodyera    

Neotteas. 

Govenia  

Vandeas 

Grammatophyllum  .... 
Grobya    

Vandeas. 
Vandeas 

Habenaria  . 

Oohrvdeae. 

416 


ORCHIDS. 


GENERA. 

TRIBE. 

Haemaria     

Neotteae 

Hartwe°"ia  

Epidendreae 

Helcia     .     .     . 

Vandeae 

Vandeae 

Huntleya     

Vandeae 

lonopsis 

Vandeae 

Ipsea  

Epidendreas 

Isochilus     

Epidendreae 

Lacaena  .... 

Vandeas 

Laelia  

Epidcndrca^ 

Laeliopsis     .     .    . 

Epidendr63B 

Leptotes      

Epidcndrca? 

Limatodes  

Vandeas. 

Malaxidcas 

Lissoch-ilus  

Vandeae 

Luddemannia  

Vandeae 

Luisia     

Vandeas 

Lycaste  . 

Vandcas 

Masdevallia     .    .    . 

Vandcgg 

Maxillaria  

Vandcas 

Megaclinium    
Mesospinidium     .     . 

Malaxideae. 
Epidcndrca? 

Miltonia  

Vandcas 

Mormodes  

Vandeae 

Myanthus    

Vandeas 

Nanodes      

Vandeas 

Nasonia  

Neottia  

Neottea^ 

Notylia   . 

Vandeas 

Octomeria   

Ma.la.xideas 

Odontoglossum    

Vandeas 

GEceocladus     

Vandeae 

Oncidium    

Vandeae 

JDrnithidium 

Vandeae 

Ornithocephalus  .     .     . 

Vandeae 

Palumbina  

Vandeae 

Paphinia 

Vandeae. 

ALPHABETICAL    TABLE. 


GlNERA. 

TKIIJE. 

Vancleas. 

Peristeria    
Phaius                    

Vandeas. 
Epidendreas. 

Vandeae. 

Malaxideae. 

Malaxideas. 

Vandeas. 

Malaxideae. 

Pleurothallis         

Malaxideae. 

Vandeae. 

Polvstachia,                     ... 

Malaxideae. 

Neotteag. 

Neotteae. 

Vandeae. 

Vandeae. 

Malaxideas. 

Vandeae. 

Saccolabiurn    

Vandeae. 

Vandeae. 

Sarcochilus           

Vandeae. 

Sauro°~lossu.ni  

Neotteae. 

Scaphi°~lottis 

Vandeae 

Schornbur°~lcia      

Epidendreae. 

Scuticaria    
Sobralia       •     • 

Vandeas. 
Arethuseas. 

Sophronitis                          •     . 

Eoidendreae. 

Malaxideas. 

Vandeae. 

Malaxideae. 

Vandeae. 

Stenocoryne               .... 

Vandeae. 

Neotteae. 

Vandeae. 

Thunia                   

Epidendreae. 

Trias  

Malaxideae. 

Trichocentrum 

Vandeae. 

27 


ORCHIDS. 


GENERA. 

TRIBE. 

Trichopilia               '                   • 

Vandeae. 
Vandeae. 
Cypripedeae. 
Vandeae. 
Arethuseae. 
Vandeae. 
Vandeas. 
Vandeae. 

Tri°"oriicliuin    

UropGcliniTi 

Vanda                    •     •          • 

Vanilla                  ... 

"Warrea  

Zveopetalum    . 

HOULLKTIA  BROCKHLHURSTIANA. 


LIST   OF   PRINCIPAL   ORCHIDS 
GROWN   AT   GLEN   RIDGE. 


Acineta  Humboltii. 
Acineta  longiscapa. 
Ada  aurantiaca. 
Aerides  afiine. 
Aerides  crii>pum. 
Aerides  Fieldingii. 
Aerides  Lobbii. 
Aerides  Lindleyanum. 
Aerides  maculosum. 
Aerides  odoratum. 
Aerides  odoratum  majus. 
Aerides  suavissimum. 
Aerides  testaceum. 
Aerides  virens  Dayanum. 
Angraecum  eburneum. 
Angraecum  falcatum. 
Angraecum  sesquipedale. 
Ansellia  africana. 
Arpophyllum  giganteum. 

Bletia  hyacinthina. 
Brasavola  Digbyana. 
Brasavola  glauca. 
Brasavola  venosa. 
Brassia  Lanceana. 
Brassia  verrucosa. 
Broughtonia  sanguinea. 

Calanthe  Veitchii. 


Calanthe  veratrifolia. 
Calanthe  vestita. 
Calanthe  vestita  cuprea. 
Calanthe  vestita  luteo  oculata. 
Calanthe  vestito  rubro  oculata. 
Calanthe  vestita  Turner!. 
Camarotis  purpurea. 
Cattleya  amethystina. 
Cattleya  amethystiglossa. 
Cattleya  Candida. 
Cattleya  Chocoensis. 
Cattleya  citrina. 
Cattleya  crispa. 
Cattleya  Dowiana. 
Cattleya  guttata  Leopoldii. 
Cattleya  Harrisoniae. 
Cattleya  labiata  (in  variety). 
Cattleya  Loddigesii. 
Cattleya  marginata. 
Cattleya  maxima. 
Cattleya  Mossiae  (in  variety).  | 
Cattleya  pumila. 
Cattleya  Schilleriana. 
Cattleya  Skinnerii. 
Cattleya  superba  splendens. 
Cattleya  Trianae  (in  variety). 
Cattleya  Walkeriana. 
Chysis  bractescens. 
Cirrhopetalum  Medusae. 


420 


ORCHIDS. 


Ccelogyne  cristata. 
Ccelogyne  speciosa. 
Cymbidium  giganteum. 
Cymbidium  Mastersii. 
Cymbidium  tigrinum. 
Cypripeclium  barbatum  (in  va- 
riety). 

Cypripedium  biflorum. 
Cypripedium  caudatum. 
Cypripedium  Harrisianum. 
Cypripedium  hirsutissimum. 
Cypripedium  Hookerii. 
Cypripedium  insigne. 
Cypripedium  Lowii. 
Cypripedium  niveum. 
Cypripedium  Parishii..' 
Cypripedium  purpuratum. 
Cypripedium  Roezlii. 
Cypripedium  Stonei. 
Cypripedium  Veitchii. 
Cypripedium  venustum. 
Cypripedium  villosum. 
Cyrtochilum  maculatum. 
Cyrtbchilum  stellatum. 
Cyrtopodium  Andersonii. 

Dendrobium  aggregatum  ma- 
jus. 

Dendrobium 
Dendrobium 


anum. 

Dendrobium 
Dendrobium 
Dendrobium 
Dendrobium 
Dendrobium 

perbum. 
Dendrobium 
Dendrobium 


albosanguineum. 
anosmum   Day- 

Bensoniae. 
Calceolaria. 
Cambridgianum. 
chrysanthum. 
chrysotoxum  su- 

crepidatum. 
Dalhousianum. 


Dendrobium  densiflorum. 

Dendrobium  Devonianum. 

Dendrobium  dixanthum. 

Dendrobium  Falconerii. 

Dendrobium  fimbriatum. 

Dendrobium  formosum  gigan- 
teum. 

Dendrobium  Gibsonii. 

Dendrobium  heterocarpum. 

Dendrobium  Hillii. 

Dendrobium  infundibulum. 

Dendrobium  japonicum. 

Dendrobium  Jenkinsii. 

Dendrobium  lutecium. 

Dendrobium  macranthum. 

Dendrobium  McCarthiae. 

Dendrobium  moniliforme. 

Dendrobium  moschatum. 

Dendrobium  nobile  (in  variety) 

Dendrobium  Parishii. 

Dendrobium  Paxtonii. 

Dendrobium  Pierardii. 

Dendrobium  Pierardii  latifo- 
lium. 

Dendrobium  primulinum. 

Dendrobium  pulchellum. 

Dendrobium  pulchellum  pur- 
pureum. 

Dendrobium  senile. 

Dendrobium  speciosum. 

Dendrobium  tortile  roseum. 

Dendrobium  transparens. 

Dendrobium  Wardianum. 

Dendrochilum  filiforme. 

Dendrochilum  glumaceum. 

Epidendrum  atropurpureum. 
Epidendrum      atropurpureum 
roseum. 


LIST  OF  ORCHIDS. 


421 


Epidendrum  aurantiacum. 
Epidendrum  ciliare  latifolium. 
Epidendrum  crassifolium. 
Epidendrum  cuspidatum. 
Epidendrum  dichromum  ama- 
bile. 


macrochilum. 
nemorale  majus. 
phceniceum. 
prismatocarpum. 
Stamfordianum. 
Stamfordianum 


Epidendrum 
Epidendrum 
Epidendrum 
Epidendrum 
Epidendrum 
Epidendrum 

gracile. 

Epidendrum  vitellinum  majus. 
Eria  stellata. 

Galeandra  Devoniana. 
Gongora  atropurpurea. 

Hartwegia  purpurea. 
Houlletia  Brocklehurstiana. 
Huntleya  cerina. 
Huntleya  violacea. 

Laelia  acuminata. 
Laelia  albida. 
Laelia  anceps. 
Laelia  autumnalis. 
Laelia  cinnabarina. 
Laelia  crispilabia. 
Laelia  flava. 
Laelia  Lindleyana. 
Laelia  majalis. 
Laelia  peduncularis. 
Laelia  Perrinii. 
Laelia  Perrinii  major. 
Laelia  praestans. 
Laslia  purpurata. 
Laelia  superbiens. 


Leptotes  bicolor. 
Leptotes  serrulata. 
Limatodes  rosea  (in  variety). 
Lycaste  aromatica. 
Lycaste  cruenta. 
Lycaste  Harrisonii. 
Lycaste  lanipes. 
Lycaste  Skinnerii  (in  variety). 

Maxillaria  picta. 
Maxillaria  tenuifolia. 
Maxillaria  venusta. 
Miltonia  Candida. 
Miltonia  Moreliana. 
Miltonia  spectabilis. 
Miltonia  Warscewiczii. 

Odontoglossum  citrosmum. 
Odontoglossum  cordatum. 
Odontoglossum  Ehrenbergii. 
Odontoglossum  grande. 
Odontoglossum  Insleayi. 
Odontoglossum  nebulosum. 
Odontoglossum  Phalaenopsis. 
Odontoglossum  pulchellum. 
Oncidium  altissimum. 
Oncidium  ampliatum  majus. 
Oncidium  aurosum. 
Oncidium  bicallosum. 
Oncidium  Cavendishii. 
Oncidium  crispum  grandiflo* 

rum. 

Oncidium  cornigerum. 
Oncidium  divaricatum. 
Oncidium  flexuosum. 
Oncidium  haematochilum. 
Oncidium  holochrysum. 
Oncidium  incurvum. 
Oncidium  Kramerianum. 


422 


ORCHIDS. 


Oncidium  Lanceanum. 
Oncidium  leucochilum. 
Oncidium  Limminghei. 
Oncidium  luridum  guttatum 

(in  variety). 
Oncidium  obryzatum. 
Oncidium  ornithorhyncum. 
Oncidium  Papilio. 
Oncidium  phymatochilum. 
Oncidium  sphacelatum. 
Oncidium  sphacelatum  majus. 

Peristeria  elata. 
Pliajus  grandifolius. 
Phajus  maculatus. 
Phajus  Wallichii. 
Phalzenopsis  amabilis. 
Phalaenopsis  grandiflora  aurea. 
Phalaenopsis  Luddemanniana. 
Phalaenopsis  Schilleriana. 
Pilumna  fragrans. 
Pleione  humilis. 
Pleione  Lagenaria. 
Pleione  maculata. 
Pleione  Wallichiana. 

Saccolabium  Blumei  majus. 
Saccolabium  curvifolium. 
Saccolabium  giganteum. 
Saccolabium  guttatum. 
Saccolabium  Harrisonianum. 
Saccolabium  retusum. 
Saccolabium  violaceum. 
Schomburgkia  undulata. 
Scuticaria  Steelii. 
Sobralia  macrantha  splendens. 
Sophronitis  grandiflora. 
Stanhopea  amoena. 
Stanhopea  aurea. 


Stanhopea 
Stanhopea 
Stanhopea 

lis. 

Stanhopea 
Stanhopea 
Stanhopea 
Stanhopea 
Stanhopea 
Stanhopea 
Stanhopea 
Stanhopea 
Stanhopea 
Stanhopea 
Stanhopea 
Stanhopea 


Bucephalus. 
Devoniensis. 
eburnea  spectabi- 

grandiflora. 

graveolens. 

guttata. 

inodora. 

insignis. 

Martiana. 

oculata. 

Ruckeri. 

saccata. 

tigrina. 

tigrina  superba. 

Wardii. 


Thunia  alba. 
Thunia  Bensonias. 
Trichopilia  coccinea. 
Trichopilia  crispa. 
Trichopilia  Galleotiana. 
Trichopilia  suavis. 
Trichopilia  tortilis. 
Trichopilia  Turialvae. 

Vanda  Bensonias. 
Vanda  ccerulea. 
Vanda  ccerulescens, 
Vanda  Denisoniana. 
Vanda  gigantea. 
Vanda  suavis. 
Vanda  teres. 

Vanda  tricolor  (in  variety.) 
Vanilla  aromatica. 
Vanilla  Phalaenopsis. 

Warscewiczella  cochlearis. 


LIST  OF  ORCHIDS. 


423 


Zygopelatum  crinitum. 
Zygopelatum    crinitum   cceru- 
leum. 


Zygopelatum  Mackayi. 
Zygopelatum  maxillare. 
Zygopelatum  rostratum. 


LIST  OF  THIRTY  CHEAP  ORCHIDS  FOR  GENERAL 
CULTIVATION. 


Aerides  odoratum. 
Brasavola  glauca. 

Calanthe  Veitcliii. 
Calanthe  vestita  (any  variety). 
Cattleya  labiata. 
Cattleya  Loddigesii. 
Cattleya  crispa. 
Cattleya  Mossiae. 
Cattleya  Skinneri. 
Cattleya  Walkeriana. 
Coelogyne  cristata. 
Cymbidium  Mastersii. 
Cypripedium  barbatum. 
Cypripedium  insigne. 

Dendrobium  chrysanthum. 
Dendrobium  Devonianum. 
Dendrobium  nobile. 
Dendrobium  Pierardii. 


Epidendrum  macrochilum. 

Laelia  anceps. 
Ly caste  Skinnerii. 

Odontoglossum  grande. 
Oncidium  flexuosum. 
Oncidium  Papilio. 

Phajus  grandifolius. 

Saccolabium  violaceum. 
Stanhopea  tigrina. 

Trichopilia  tortilis. 

Vanda  suavis. 
Vanda  tricolor. 

Zygopetalum  crinitum. 


LIST   OF   TROPICAL  ORCHIDS   WITH   CURIOUS 
FLOWERS,  OR  RESEMBLING  INSECTS,  ETC. 


Acranthus  arachnitis. 
Arachnis  moschifera. 
Angraecum  caudatum. 


Angraecum  Ellisii. 
Angraecum  sesquipedale. 


ORCHIDS. 


Barkeria  elegans. 
Bolbopliyllum  barbigerum. 
Bolbopliyllum  Henshallii. 
Bolbopliyllum  saltatorium. 
Brassia  caudata. 
Brassia  guttata. 

Catasetum  atratum. 
Catasetum  barbatum. 
Cataselum  intergerrimum. 
Catasetum  Naso. 
Catasetum  Trulla. 
Cirrhopetalum  Medusae. 
Coryanthes  macrantha. 
Cycnoches  Loddigesii. 
Cycnoches  musciferum. 
Cypripedium  caudatum. 

Epidendrum  raniferum. 

Gongora  maculata. 
Gongora  portentosa. 

Luisia  Psyche. 
Masdevallia  Chimera. 


Masdevallia  elephanticeps. 
Masdevallia  nycterina. 
Masdevallia  Trochilus. 
Mormodes  igneum. 
Mormocles  luxatum. 
Myantlius  cernuus. 
Myanthus  cristatus. 

Nanodes  Medusae. 

Oncidium  Kramerianum. 
Oncidium  ornithorhyncum. 
Oncidium  Papilio. 
Oncidium  raniferum. 
Oncidium  pelicanum. 

Papbinia  cristata. 
Peristeria  elata. 

Renanthera  matutina. 
Restrepia  antennifera. 

Stanhopea  ecornuta. 
Stanhopea  tigrina. 
Stanhopea  Bucephalus. 

Uropedium  Lindeni. 


LIST   OF   THE   CHOICEST   ORCHIDS   COMBINING 

BEAUTY   OF   FLOWER,  ELEGANCE   OF 

GROWTH,   AND    FRAGRANCE. 

(FOR  A  SMALLER  COLLECTION  THOSE  MARKED  WITH  A  STAR 
ARE   PREFERABLE.) 


Acineta  Barkerii. 
Ada  aurantiaca. 
Aerides  affine. 


*Aerides  crispnm. 
Aerides  Fieldingii. 
*Aerides  Huttonii. 


LIST  OF  ORCHIDS. 


425 


*Aerides  Lobbii. 
Aerides  maculosum. 
*Aerides  odoratum  majus. 
Aerides  quinquevulnerum. 
Aerides  Schroderi. 
*Aerides  suavissimum. 
Aerides  virens  Dayanum. 
*Angraecum  eburneum. 
Angrascum  Ellisii. 
*Angrascum  sesquipedale. 
Ansellia  africana. 

Barkeria  elegans. 
Barkeria  Skinneri. 
Barkeria  spectabilis. 
Batemannia  meleagris. 
Brasavola  Digbyana. 
*Broughtonia  sanguinea. 
Burlingtonia  Candida. 
*Burlingtonia  fragrans. 

*Calanthe  Veitchii. 
*Calanthe  vestita  (in  variety). 
Cattleya  Acklandiae. 
*Cattleya  amethystiglossa. 
*Cattleya  Chocoensis. 
Cattleya  citrina. 
*Cattleya  crispa. 
Cattleya  Dowiana. 
Cattleya  Eldorado  splendens. 
Cattleya  exoniensis. 
Cattleya  Gigas. 
Cattleya  guttata  Leopoldii. 
Cattleya  marginata. 
Cattleya  maxima. 
*Cattleya  Mossiae  (in  variety). 
Cattleya  speciosissima. 
*Cattleya  Skinneri. 
*Cattleya  superba. 


*Cattleya  Trianae  (in  variety). 
Cattleya  Warneri. 
*Cattleya  Walkeriana. 
Chysis  aurea.          a 
*Chysis  bractescens. 
*Ccelogyne  cristata. 
Ccelogyne  Gardneriana. 
Coelogyne  Lowii. 
Coeloygne  speciosa. 
Colax  jugosus. 
Comparettia  coccinea. 
Coryanthes  macrantha. 
*Cymbidium  eburneum. 
*Cymbidium  Mastersii. 
*Cypripedium    barbatum    (in 

variety). 

Cypripedium  biflorum. 
Cypripedium  caudatum. 
Cypripedium  Dayanum. 
Cypripedium  Dominianum. 
Cypripedium  Fairrieanum. 
*Cypripedium  Harrisianum. 
*Cypripedium  insigne. 
Cypripedium  laevigatum. 
^Cypripedium  Lowii. 
Cypripedium  niveum. 
Cypripedium  Parishii. 
Cypripedium  Roezlii. 
Cypripedium  Schlimii. 
Cypripedium  Sedeni. 
*Cypripedium  Stonei. 
*Cypripedium  superbiens. 
*Cypripedium  villosum. 

Dendrobium  aggregatum  ma- 
jus. 

*Dendrobium  albosanguine- 
um. 

*Dendrobium  Bensoniae. 


426 


ORCHIDS, 


*Dendrobium  Calceolaria. 

Dendrobium  cambridgianum. 

*Dendrobium  chrysanthum. 

Dendrobium  chrysotoxom  su- 
perbum. 

Dendrobium  crassinode. 

Dendrobium  ere  pi  datum. 

*Dendrobium  Dalhousianum. 

*Dendrobium  densiflorum. 

Dendrobium  densiflorum  al- 
bum. 

*Dendrobium  Devonianum. 

*Dendrobium  Falconeri. 

*Dendrobium  formosum  gi- 
ganteum. 

Dendrobium  Griffithianum. 

Dendrobium  Hookerianum. 

*Dendrobium  infundibulum. 

Dendrobium  lituiflorum. 

Dendrobium  Lowii. 

Dendrobium  luteolum. 

*Dendrobium  macranthum. 

*Dendrobium  McCarthiae. 

*Dendrobium  nobile  (in  va- 
riety). 

Dendrobium  Parishii. 

Dendrobium  Wardianum. 

*Dendrochilum  glumaceum. 

*Disa  grandiflora. 

*Epidendrum  atropurpureum. 

Epidendrum  bicornutum. 

*Epidendrum  cuspidatum. 

Epidendrum  dichromum  ama- 
bile. 

*Epidendrum  macrochilum. 

Epidendrum  nemorale  majus. 

*Epidendrum  Stamfordianum. 

*Epidendrum  vitellinum  ma- 
jus. 


Galeandra  Devoniana. 

*Houlletia  Brocklehurstiana. 
Huntleya  cerina. 
Huntleya  violacea. 

lonopsis  paniculata. 

*Loelia  albida.        ^ 
*Laslia  anceps. 
Laelia  anceps  Barkeriana. 
*Laelia  autumnalis. 
*Laelia  cinnabarina. 
Laelia  elegans. 
Laelia  grandis. 
*Laelia  majalis. 
*Laelia  Perrinii. 
*Laelia  praestans. 
*L3elia  purpurata. 
*La3lia  superbiens. 
*Limatodes  rosea. 
*Lycaste  cruenta. 
Lycaste  lanipes. 
*Lycaste  Skinneri. 

*Masdevallia  Chimaera. 
Masdevallia  elephanticeps. 
*Masdevallia  Harryana. 
Masdevallia  ignea. 
Masdevallia  tovarensis. 
*Masdevallia  Veitchiana. 
Maxillaria  venusta. 
Mesospinidium  sanguineum. 
*Miltonia  Candida. 
Miltonia  Clowesii. 
*Miltonia  Moreliana. 
Miltonia  Regnellii. 
*Miltonia  spectabilis. 
*Miltonia  Warscewiczii. 


LIST  OF  ORCHIDS. 


427 


*Odontoglossum  Alexandras. 
Odontoglossum  Andersoni. 
*Odontoglossum      citrosmum 

roseum. 

Odontoglossum  coronarium. 
*Odontoglossum  grande. 
Odontoglossum  Hallii. 
Odontoglossum  Krameri. 
Odontoglossum  naevium. 
*Odontoglossum  Pescatorei. 
*Odontoglossum      Phalasnop- 

sis. 

*Odontoglossum  pulchellum. 
Odontoglossum  Roezlii. 
*Odontoglossum    triumphans. 
Odontoglossum  vexillarium. 
*Oncidium    ampliatum  majus. 
Oncidium  Barker!. 
Oncidium  bifolium  majus. 
*Oncidium  bicallosum. 
*Oncidium  hsematochilum. 
Oncidium  incur VUOL 
*Oncidium  Kramerianum. 
*0ncidium  Lanceanum. 
•Oncidium  leucochilum. 
Oncidium  macranthum. 
•Oncidium    macranthum  has- 

tiferum. 

•Oncidium  obryzatum. 
•Oncidium  ornithorhyncum. 
Oncidium  Pbalaenopsis. 
Oncidium  phymatochilum. 
•Oacidium  sarcodes. 
Oncidium  superbiens. 

*Peristeria  elata. 
*Phajus  grandifolius. 
Phi  jus  irroratus. 
•Phajus  maculatus. 


•Phajus  Wallichii. 
•Phalaenopsis  amabilis. 
•Phakenopsis  grandi flora  au- 

rea. 
*PhalcEnopsis       Luddemanni- 

ana. 

•Phalaenopsis  Schilleriana. 
•Pilumna  fragrans. 
*Pleione  Lagenaria. 
•Pleione  maculata. 
*Pleione  Wallichiana. 

*Saccolabium      ampullaceum 

roseum. 

Saccolabium  curvifolium. 
•Saccolabium  giganteum. 
•Saccolabium  Harrisonianum. 
Saccolabium  praemorsum. 
*Saccolabium  retusum. 
*Saccolabium  violaceum. 
^Sobralia    macrantha    splen- 

dens. 

Sophronites  grandiflora. 
*Stanhopea  eburnea  spectab- 

ilis. 

Stanhopea  insignis. 
Stanhopea  Martiana. 
Stanhopea  oculata. 
Stanhopea  Ruckeri. 
•Stanhopea  tigrina. 
•Stanhopea  Wardii. 

•Thimia  alba. 
•Thunia  Bensoniae. 
*Trichopilia  crispa. 
Trichopilia  suavis. 

Uropedium  Lindeni. 


428 

Vanda  Batemanni. 
Vancla  Bensonii. 
*Vancla  coerulea. 
*Vanda  coerulescens. 
*  Van  da  Denisoniana. 
Vancla  gigantea. 
Vancla  limbata. 
*Vanda  insignis. 
*Vanda  suavis. 
Vanda  teres. 


ORCHIDS. 

*Vanda  tricolor  (in  vaiiety). 

Warrea  Lin  ieniana. 
Warscevviczella  velata. 

Zygopetalum  crinitum. 
*Zygopetalum  crinitum  cceru- 

leum. 

Zygopetalum  maxillare. 
*Zygopetalum  rostratum. 


SIGNIFICATION    OF   THE    NAMES    APPLIED    TO 
ORCHIDS. 

"  Botanical  or  scientific  names  have  usually  been  given  for 
some  good  reason.  As  a  rule  they  are  generally  intended  to 
point  out  something  remarkable  or  characteristic  in  the  plant, 
and  are  no  more  than  classical  ways  of  stating  facts  iden- 
tically the  same  in  nature  as  those  expressed  in  '  blue-bell,' 
'  white-thorn,'  and  *  dandelion  '  or  *  dent-de-lion.''  To  persons 
acquainted  with  Greek  and  Latin  their  meaning  is  obvious'; 
but  as  many  lovers  of  Orchids  are  unversed  in  those  lan- 
guages, we  subjoin  the  interpretation  of  every  classical  name 
and  epithet  which  occurs  in  the  preceding  pages.  Many  of 
the  names  bestowed  upon  Orchids,  as  upon  other  plants, 
are  of  the  kind  termed  commemorative  and  complimentary. 
They  are  the  names,  that  is  to  say,  of  persons  who  deserve 
our  respect  or  admiration,  converted  into  Latin  by  the  addi- 
tion of  the  necessary  final  letters.  Brassia^  for  example,  Cat- 
tleya,  and  Broughtonia.  When  it  is  the  specific  name  of  the 
plant  that  is  so  derived,  the  rule  is  that  if  the  name  be  that  of 
the  discoverer  or  introducer  it  shall  end  in  ce  or  2,  as  Wraya 
or  Pierardi.  When,  on  the  other  hand,  the  name  has  been 
bestowed  purely  in  compliment,  it  ends  after  the  manner  ex- 


SIGNIFICATION  OF  NAMES.  429 

amplified  in  Morelianus,  Schilleriana,  Dalhousianum,  the  ter- 
mination agreeing,  like  that  of  all  other  adjectives,  with  the 
gender  of  the  generic  name.  But  this  rule,  unhappily,  is  often 
disregarded,  and  the  names  have  to  be  accepted  as  they  stand. 
Whether  a  specific  name  shall  end  in  i  or  in  ii  is  perfectly 
optional.  It  rests  upon  our  preferring  to  say,  in  pseudo- Latin, 
Humbol/7/j  or  Humbol/«/j,  Farmers  or  Farmer/wj,  either 
being  right.  A  similar  freedom  pertains  to  the  accentuation 
of  the  names  which  end  in  single  /.  That  is  to  say,  they 
may  be  pronounced  either  Hook'eri  or  Hooke'ri,  Far'meri  or 
Farme'ri.  The  ancients  had  no  such  names,  and  therefore 
there  is  no  classical  rule.  A  few  other  names  have  been 
adopted  from  the  vernacular  of  their  native  countries  (Vanda, 
for  example),  and,  when  necessary  have  been  Latinized,  as  in 
the  case  of  Angracum.  A  few  others,  again,  appear  devoid 
of  meaning. 

"  The  question  is  often  asked,  why  cannot  these  glorious 
flowers  have  '  English  names  ? '  In  one  point  of  view  to  give 
them  English  names  is  impracticable  ;  on  the  other  hand  they 
are  already  possessed  of  English  names  !  Appellations  rhym- 
ing with  daisy  and  buttercup  they  never  can  possess.  To  at- 
tempt to  bestow  such  appellations  would  prove  a  useless  and 
thankless  task,  for  no  one  would  be  willing  to  accept  them ; 
and  in  the  presence  oi  fuchsia  and  rhododendron,  iris  and 
chrysanthemum,  crocus  and  narcissus,  and  a  thousand  others 
of  corresponding  fabric  (which  are  as  thoroughly  un-English 
as  Calanthe  and  Epidendrum},  would  be  simply  absurd,  since 
it  would  be  to  attempt  to  supply  a  want  which  no  one  really 
feels. 

"  The  people  who  talk  of  lilies  and  roses,  yet  complain  of 
Calanthe  and  L<zlia,  belong  to  the  school  of  M.  Jourdain, 
in  '  Moliere,'  who  '  had  spoken  prose  all  his  life  without 
knowing  it,'  for  in  the  former  names  they  are  quite  as  free 
from  Saxon  as  in  the  latter,  lily  and  rose  and  violet  being 
themselves  nothing  more  than  Latin  words  with  the  endings 


430  ORCHIDS. 

slightly  altered.  Here  and  there,  after  the  same  manner,  we 
may  shorten  a  Latin  orchidaceous  name,  saying  Dendrobe^ 
Oncid,  Cypripede,  instead  of  Dendrobium^  Oncidiuin,  and  Cy- 
pripediuiii)  following,  too,  in  that  procedure,  the  plan  recom- 
mended by  Mr.  Bentham  with  regard  to  the  names  of  certain 
English  wild  flowers  ;  but  there  are  many  names  which  cannot 
Ix  so  abbreviated  without  sacrifice  of  euphony,  and  these  will 
be  adopted  by  all  sensible  people  without  a  murmur,  just  as, 
a  little  while  ago,  they  accepted  fuchsia  and  rhododendron, 
and  the  hundreds  of  similar  names  which  have  virtually  be- 
come the  English  ones.  A  little  time  only  is  wanting,  and 
Calanthe  will  slide  into  every  day  speech,  just  as  *  polyanthus ' 
has  done  ;  that  is  to  say,  with  every  one  who  cares  to  know 
what  a  Calanthe  is,  our  own  experience  leading  us  to  the  be- 
lief that  those  who  object  to  *  Latin '  names  do  not  want  to 
learn  the  English  ones  either. 

"  The  above  argument  of  course  places  the  matter  upon  its 
lowest  platform.  There  is  no  need  to  point  out  anew  that 
without  scientific  names  there  could  not  possibly  be  any  re- 
ciprocal understanding,  or  any  uniformity  of  action  among 
florists  and  botanists,  especially  those  residing  in  different 
countries,  every  geographical  change  implying  a  new  set  of 
vernacular  terms. 

"  The  exotic  vernacular,  were  it  adopted  as  a  whole,  would 
scarcely  be  an  improvement  upon  the  Latin,  if  we  may  judge 
from  the  Mexican  names  of  two  Orchids  figured  by  Hernan- 
dez, for  instead  of  Stanhopea  we  should  have  to  say  Coatzonte 
Coxochitl;  and  instead  of  L(zlia  majalts,  Chichilitic  Tepe- 
tlavhxochitl. 

"  The  bestowal  of  the  names  of  the  genera  of  Orchids  we 
owe  to  many  different  writers  from  Tournefort  onwards.  Or- 
dinarily the  genus  has  been  defined  by  the  contriver  of  the 
name  it  bears,  but  to  this  there  are  exceptions.  What  share 
the  botanists  who  have  dealt  with  Orchids  have  had  in  estab- 


SIGNIFICATION  OF  NAMES.  431 

lishing  tlie  genera,  the  names  of  which  appear  in  this  volume, 
may  be  judged  from  the  following  summary  :  "  l  — 

Tournefort.     Limodorum,  Orchis. 

Bergius.     Disa. 

Linnceus.     Cypripedium,  Epidendrum,  Neottia. 

Swartz.  Cymbidium,  Dendrobium,  Oncidium. 

Ruiz  and  Pavon.     Anguloa,   Bletia,  Fernandezia,  Gongora, 

Masdevallia,  Maxillaria,  Rodriguezia,  Sobralia. 
Poeppig  and  Endlicher.    Comparettia,  Scaphyglottis,  Tricho- 

centrum. 

Plumier.     Vanilla. 

Loureiro.     Aerides,  Phajus,  Renanthera. 
Hiimboldt,   Bonpland,  and  Kunth.      Cyrtochilum,  lonopsis, 

Odontoglossum,  Restrepia. 
D.  Don.     Pleione. 
Ad.  Brongniart.     Houlletia. 
La  Llave.     Arpophyllum. 
Salisbury.     Ornithidium. 
Willdenow.     Habenaria. 
Blume.     Acanthophippium,  Anaectochilus,  Aporum,  Arachnis, 

Arundina,    Cleisostoma,    Dendrochilum,  Grammatophyl- 

lum,  Limatodes,  Macodes,  Phalaenopsis. 
Knowles  and  Wescott.     Barkeria. 
Du  Petit  Thouars.     Angrascum,  Bolbophyllum. 
L.  C.  Richard.     Catasetum,  Liparis,  Physurus. 
Robert  Brown.      Brassia,    Broughtonia,    Calanthe,    Cyrtopo- 

dium,   Dipodium,  Eulophia,   Goodyera,   Isochilus,  Lisso- 

chilus,  Octomeria,  Pleurothallis,  Ponthieva,  Sarcochilus, 

Vanda. 

1  For  this  introduction  to  the  Glossary,  which  so  fully  and  con- 
cisely states  the  subject,  the  writer  is  indebted  to  Mr.  Leo  Grindon, 
Lecturer  on  Botany  at  the  Royal  School  of  Medicine,  Manchester, 
England,  by  whom  it  was  written  for  a  little  volume  called  Fairfield 
Orc/iids,  to  which  reference  has  already  been  made. 


432  ORCHIDS. 

Hooker.  Coryanthes,  Peristeria,  Polystachya,  Stanhopea,  Zy- 
gopetalum. 

Lindley.  Acranthus,  Acineta,  Acropera,  Ada,  Aganisia,  An- 
sellia,  Batemania,  Bifrenaria,  Brasavola,  Bromheadia, 
Burlingtonia,  Camaridium,  Camarotis,  Cattleya,  Chysis, 
Cirrhoea,  Cirrhopetalum,  Coelia,  Coelogyne,  Colax,  Cyo 
noches,  Cyrtopera,  Dichaea,  Dicripta,  Dienia,  Dinema, 
Drymoda,  Eria,  Eriopsis,  Galeandra,  Galliotia,  Govenia, 
Grobya,  Hartwegia,  Helcia,  Huntleya,  Ipsea,  Lacaena, 
Laelia,  Laeliopsis,  Leptotes,  Lycaste,  Luisia,  Megaclinium, 
Miltonia,  Mormodes,  Myanthus,  Nasonia,  Notylia,  (Eceo- 
clades,  Paphinia,  Paxtonia,  Pholidota,  Physosiphon,  Pi- 
lumna,  Prescottia,  Promenaea,  Saccolabium,  Sarcanthus, 
Sauroglossum,  Schomburgkia,  Scuticaria,  Sophronitis, 
Specklinia,  Trichopilia,  Trigonidium,  Uropedium,  Warrea. 

Reichenbach  fil.  Bollea,  Luddemannia,  Mesospinidium,  Nan- 
odes,  Palumbina,  Pescatorea,  Polycycnis,  Preptanthe, 
Selenipedium,  Stenia,  Thunia,  Warscewiczella. 


GLOSSARY. 


A. 

Abruptus,  -a,  -um.    Broken  off. 

Acanthophippium.  Name  obscure  ?  From  ephippia,  a  sad- 
dle-cloth, alluding  to  the  formation  of  the  flower. 

Acaulis,  -e.     Having  no  stem. 

Acicularis,  -e.     Pointed,  needle-like. 

Acinaceus,  -a,  -um.     Hooked,  scimeter-shaped. 

Acine'ta.  Immovable,  referring  to  the  union  of  the  base  of 
the  labellum  with  the  column. 

Acklan'diae.  In  compliment  to  the  late  Lady  Ackland,  wife 
of  Sir  Thomas  D.  Ackland,  of  Killerton,  near  Exeter, 
by  whom  the  Cattleya  so  named  was  introduced  from 
Brazil. 

Acranthus.  Altered  from  the  Greek  aer,  the  air,  and  anthos, 
a  flower. 

Acropera.  From  akros,  the  end,  and  pera,  a  pouch,  alluding 
to  the  shape  of  the  flower. 

Acuminate.  ")     Drawn  out  into  a  long  and  tapering 

Acuxninatus.  -a,  -um.  )  point. 

Acutipetalue,  -a,  -um.     Having  acute  petals. 

Acutus,  -a,  -um.     Sharp  pointed. 

Ada.  Named  by  Dr.  Lindley,  probably  in  compliment  to  some 
lady. 

Aduncus,  -a,  -um.     Hooked. 

.ZEmulus,  -a,  -um.    Rivaling,  thence  superior,  very  handsome. 

Aerial  plants  are  such  as  grow  upon  others,  as  opposed  to 
having  their  roots  in  the  earth,  or  being  aquatic. 
28 


434  ORCHIDS. 

Aerides.     From  aer,  the  air,  signifying  air  plant. 

Aeriformis,  -e.     Resembling  an  Aerides. 

Affinis,  -e.  Related  to,  but  used  in  the  sense  of  doubtful  or 
ambiguous. 

Africanus,  -a,  -um.     Native  of  Africa. 

Aganisia.     From  aganos,  lovely. 

Aggregatus,  -a,  -um.  When  many  parts,  such  as  flowers  or 
fruits,  are  placed  side  by  side  in  such  a  way  that  not  one 
can  be  removed  without  impairing  the  symmetry  of  the 
mass. 

Ainsworthii.  Complimentary  to  Dr.  Ainsworth,  of  Brough- 
ton,  Manchester,  who  raised  Dendrobium  Ainsworthii. 

Alatus,  -a,  -um.     Winged. 

Albertinese.     A  complimentary  name. 

Albido-fulvus,  -a,  -um.     Yellow  and  white. 

Albidus,  -a,  -um.     Whitish. 

Albo-sanguineus,  -a,  -um.  Whitish  blood  color,  or  a  com- 
bination of  these  two  colors. 

Albo-striatus,  -a,  -um.     Striped  with  white. 

Albus,  -a,  -um.     Clear,  but  not  shining,  white. 

Alexandras.     Complimentary  to  the  Princess  Alexandra. 

Alifolius,  -a,  -um.     Winged-leaved. 

Aloefolius,  -a,  -um.     Aloe-leaved. 

Alpine.  }     Growing  upon  mountains  in  cold  coun- 

Alpinus, -a, -um.  >  tries.  Also,  by  usage,  any  delicate 
and  mossy  plants,  whatever  their  native  habitat. 

Altissimus,  -a,  -um.     Very  tall,  or  tallest  of  its  congeners. 

Amabilis,  -e.     Lovely. 

Ambiguus,  -a,  -um.     Doubtful. 

Amboinensis,  -e.     Native  of  Amboyna. 

Amethystinus,  -a,  -um.     Pale  violet. 

Amethystoglossus,  -a,  -um.  Having  an  amethyst-colored 
lip. 

Amherstiae.  In  honor  of  Lady  Amherst,  a  zealous  patron  of 
botany. 


GLOSSARY.  435 

Amictus,  -a,  -um.     Frilled. 

Amcenus,  -a,  -um.     Charming. 

Ampliatus,  -a,  -um.     Enlarged. 

Amplus,  -a,  -um.     Large  and  thus  fine,  noble. 

Ampullaceus,  -a,  -um.     Flask  or  bottle-shaped. 

Anaectochilus.     From  anoiktos,  open,  and  cheilos,  a  lip. 

Anceps.     Two-edged. 

Andersoniae.  Complimentary  to  several  of  the  name,  espe- 
cially the  late  Dj".  Thomas  Anderson,  superintendent  of 
the  Calcutta  Botanic  Garden.  Ob.  Oct.  26,  1870. 

Angraecum.  When  Rumphius  first  went  to  Amboyna,  nearly 
two  centuries  ago,  he  found  the  Malayan  name  for  any 
epiphytal  Orchid  to  be  angrec.  This  word  Latinized  he 
used  in  the  Herbarium  Amboynense  for  the  dozen  species 
he  describes  and  figures  therein. 

Angulo'a.  Complimentary  to  Francis  de  Angulo,  Director  of 
the  Spanish  Mines  in  Peru. 

Augustus,  -a,  -um, 

Angustatus,  -a,  -um. 

Angustifolius,  -a,  -um.     Narrow-leaved. 

Annual.     Living  only  one  year  or  less. 

Anosmus,  -a,  -um.     Scentless. 

Ansellia.  Commemorative  of  Mr.  John  Ansell,  who  discov- 
ered the  plant  in  Africa. 

Antennifera.     Bearing  antennae. 

Anther.  The  terminal  and  hollow  portion  of  the  stamen, 
usually  a  distinct  case,  and  usually  of  two  cells  or  com- 
partments, each  containing  pollen. 

Antioquiensis,  -e.  Native  of  Antioquia,  a  district  of  New 
Granada. 

Aphrodite.     A  name  of  Venus,  and  thence  beautiful. 

Aphyllus,  -a,  -um.  Leafless  ;  destitute  at  all  times  of  true 
leaves,  a  condition  of  many  Orchids. 

Apiferus,  -a,  -um.  From  apis,  a  bee,  and  fero,  to  bear  ;  lit- 
erally bearing  bees,  alluding  to  the  shape  of  the  flowers. 


I    Narrow,  applied  to  parts  of  the  flower. 


436  ORCHIDS. 

Aporum.  From  aporux,  a  running  shoot,  referring  to  the 
growth  of  the  plant. 

Apterus,  -a,  -um.        Wingless. 

Aqueus,  -a,  -um.  Watery,  thence  thin_^  applied  to  petals  of  a 
flower. 

Araclinis,      )    In  mythology,  Arachne  was  very  skillful  with 

Arachnites.  >  her  needle.  She  was  changed  by  Minerva 
into  a  spider,  which  the  plants  resemble. 

Arbuscula.     Resembling  a  little  tree. 

Arembergii.     In  honor  of  Prince  d'Aremberg. 

Argenteus,  -a,  -um.     Silvery. 

Argus.     Was  the  hundred-eyed  keeper  of  lo. 

Arietinus,  -a,  -um.     Shaped  like  a  ram's  head. 

Armeniacus,  -a,  -um.     Apricot-colored. 

Arpophyllum.  Having  leaves  shaped  like  a  scimeter  ;  from 
harpe,  a  scimeter,  and  phullon,  a  leaf. 

Articulated.  Jointed  and  capable  of  readily  separating  with- 
out tearing,  so  as  to  leave  a  clean  scar. 

Articulatus,  -a,  -um.     Jointed. 

Arundina.     From  arundo,  a  reed. 

Aspasia.     From  the  Greek  aspazomai,  to  cling  to. 

Asper,  -a,  -um.     Rough. 

Asperatus,  -a,  -um.     Roughened. 

Astranthus,  -a,  -um.     Starry. 

Atratus,  -a,  -um.     Blackish. 

Atropurpureus,  -a,  -um.     Dark  purple. 

Atro-rubens.     Deep  reddish. 

Aureo-purpureus,  -a,  -um.     Purple  and  gold. 

Aurantiacus,  -a,  -um.     Orange  colored. 

Aureo-flavus,  -a,  -um.     Golden  yellow. 

Aureo-fulvus,  -a,  -um.     Tawny  yellow. 

Aureus,  -a,  -um.    \ 

Aurosus,  -a,  -um.  >  Gold  colored. 

Auratus,  -a,  -um.  ) 

Auritus,  -a,  -um.     Having  ears. 


GLOSSARY.  437 

Autumnalis,  -e.     Autumn  flowering. 

Axil.     The  cavity  or  angle  between  the  stem  and  the  inner 

base  of  the  leaf  or  petiole.     Flowers,  etc.,  arising  from 

this  point  are  "  axillary." 

B. 

Bambusifolius,  -a,  -um.     Bamboo-leaved. 
Barbatus,  -a,  -um.     Bearded,   /.   <?.,   provided  or  beset  with 

long  weak  hairs  or  terminating  in  a  mass  of  hairs,  usually 

more   or  less   straight  and  parallel.     The   negative   ex- 
pressed by  imberbis. 
Barbatulus,  -a,  -um.     Thinly  bearded. 
Barbigerus,  -a,  -um.     Bearded  or  bearing  a  beard,  alluding  to 

the  fringed  lip  of  many  plants. 
Barelli.     In  honor  of  Mr.  Barell,  a  botanist  at  Cape  of  Good 

Hope. 

Barker!.  "i  Complimentary  to  the  late  Geo.  Bar- 

Barkeria.  \     ker,   of  Birmingham,  a  celebrated 

Barkerianus,  -a,  -um.  J       Orchid-grower,  who  died  in  1845. 
Barringtoniae.     Dedicated  to  Lady  Barrington. 
Batemannia.  )  In  compliment  to  James  Bateman,  the  distin- 
Batemani.      )      guished  orchiologist. 
Baueri.     In  honor  of    the   botanical   draughtsmen,   Messrs. 

Francis  and  Ferdinand  Bauer. 
Beaumontii.     Commemorative  of  Beaumont. 
Bensoniae.     In  compliment  to  Lieutenant-colonel  Benson,  of 

Rangoon.     Several  species  are  also  named  in  compliment 

to  Mrs.  Benson. 

Bernaysii.     In  honor  of  Mr.  A.  Bernays,  of  Queensland. 
Bicallosus,  -a,  -um.     Having  two  calluses,  or  hard  projections 

on  lip. 

Bicolor.     Two  colored. 
Bicornutus,  -a,  -um.     Two  horned. 
Bictoniensis,  -e.     Refers  to  Bicton,  the  seat  of  Lord  Rolle, 

near  Sidmouth. 


438  ORCHIDS. 

Bidens.     Two-toothed. 

Biennial  Plants.     Such  as  spring  from  the   seed  one  year 

blossom  the  following  year,  and  then  die. 
Bifidus,  -a,  -um.  Cleft  half-way  to  the  base. 
Biflorus,  -a,  -um.  Two-flowered. 

Bifolius,  -a,  -um.     Having  two  leaves,  neither  more  or  less. 
Biforatus,  -a,  -um.     Having  two  holes. 
Bifrenaria.     From,  bis,  double,  and  frenum,  a  bridle. 
Bigibbus,  -a,  -um.     Having  two  small  protuberances. 
Bilobus,  -a,  -um.     Two-lobed,  as  a  leaf,  petal,  or  lip. 
Bipartite.     Cleft  nearly  to  the  base. 
Bipuuctatus,  -a,  -um.     Having  two  punctures. 
Bituberculatus, -a, -um.     Having  two   tubercles   or  promi- 
nences. 

Blanchetti.     In  honor  of  Mr.  Blanchette. 
Blandus,  -a,  -um.     Pleasing,  charming. 
Bletia.     Dedicated  to  Louis  Blet. 
Blumei.     Complimentary  to  Dr.  Blume,  the  writer  on   East 

Indian  Botany. 
Bluntii.     In  memory  of  Mr.  Blunt,  who  in  1862-64  collected 

plants  in  Brazil  and  New  Granada,  for  Messrs.  Low. 
Bolbophyllum.     From   bolbos,  a  bulb,  and  phullon,  a  leaf, 

literally  bulb-leaf. 
Boothianus,  -a,  -um.     Complimentary  to  Mr.  W.  B.  Booth, 

an  English  gardener,  about  1838. 
Boxalli.      Complimentary  to    Mr.    Boxall,   an    employee    of 

Messrs.  Low. 

Brabantiae.     In  honor  of  the  Duchess  of  Brabant. 
Brachiatus,  -a,  -um.     Branched  or  having  arms  ;  in  Brassia 

brachiata  it  refers  to  the  very  long  tails. 
Brachypetalus,  -a,  -um.     Having  petals  like  arms. 
Bracteatus,  -a,  -um.     Having  bracts. 
Bracteolatus,  -a,  -um.     Bearing  bracts. 
Bracts.     Leaves  much  diminished  in  size  and  more  or  less 

altered  in  form,  usually  standing  very  near  to  the  flowers 


GLOSSARY.  439 

or  their  peduncles  ;  often  petaloid  and  gayly  colored.     In 

Orchids  they  are  never  absent,  though  occasionally  de- 
ciduous, and  sometimes  add  greatly  to  the  beauty  of  the 

inflorescence. 
Bractescens.     Having  very  large  bracts  or  a  strong  tendency 

to  the  development  of  bracts. 
Brasavola.     In  honor  of  Antonio  Musa  Brasavola,  a  noble 

Venetian,  one  of  the  most   enlightened  botanists  of  his 

day. 

Brasavolae.     Like  a  Brasavola. 
Brassia.      Commemorative  of   Mr.   Brass,   a    botanist  who 

about   1790   collected  plants   in  Africa,  for  Sir  Joseph 

Banks. 

Brevifolius,  -a,  -um.     Short-leaved. 
Brocklehurstianus,   -a,    -um.     Complimentary   to    the    late 

Thomas    Brocklehurst,  a  distinguished  Orchid  amateur 

near  Manchester.     Ob.  Nov.  7,  1870. 
Bromheadia.     In  honor  of  Sir  Edward  French  Bromhead, 

a  zealous  botanist. 
Brookei.     Complimentary  to   Sir   Richard   Brooke,    Norton 

Priory,  near  Runcorn.     Ob.  Nov.  u,  1865. 
Broughtonia.     In  memory  of  Arthur  Broughton,  a  botanist 

in  Jamaica. 
Brysianus,  -a,  -um.     Complimentary  to  the  Belgian  botanist, 

Mr.  Brys. 
Bucephalus.    A  horse  of  Alexander  the  Great. 

>•  Resembling  a  toad. 
Bufonius,  -a,  -um. ) 

Bulbosus,  -a,  -um.  Having  bulbs.  Applied  to  abnormal 
stems  of  similar  shape. 

Bulleni.  )  Complimentary  to  Mr.  R.  Bullen,  for 

Bullenianus,  -a,  -um.  )  many  years  a  foreman  at  Messrs. 
Lows. 

Burlingtonia.  Complimentary  to  Blanche  Georgiana,  Count- 
ess of  Burlington.  Ob.  April  27,  1840. 


440  ORCHIDS. 

Burtii.  Commemorative  of  Mr.  Burt,  so  Mr.  Endres  of  Costa 
Rica  named  Batemannia  Burtii. 

C. 

Ceerulescens.     Having  a  tendency  to  blue. 

Caeruleus,  -a,  -um.     Pale  indigo  blue. 

Ceespitosus,  -a,  -um.     Growing  in  tufts. 

Calamaria.     Reed  or  quill-stemmed,  from  calamus,  a  reed. 

Calamiformis,  -e.     Shaped  like  a  reed. 

Calanthe.      > 

}•  Lovely  flower. 
Calaiitnum.  ) 

Calcaratus,  -a,  -um.     Chalky  —  dead  white  color. 

Calceolaria.     Resembling  a  Calceolaria. 

Calceolus.     Shaped  like  a  little  shoe. 

Calocheilus,  -a,  -um.     Having  a  beautiful  lip. 

Callosus,  -a,  -um.     Having  a  thick  skin  or  covering. 

Calyx.  The  outermost  of  the  two  sets  of  leafy  pieces  which 
constitute  a  perfect  flower  or  "perianth,"  the  corolla  (con- 
stituted of  petals)  being  interior  to  it. 

Camaridium.     From  kamara,  an  arched  roof  or  chamber. 

Camarotis.  Chambered  flower,  in  reference  to  the  form  of  the 
lip. 

Cambridgianus,  -a,  -um.  Complimentary  to  Augusta  Louisa, 
first  Duchess  of  Cambridge,  who  was  on  a  visit  to  Chats- 
worth  in  1838,  when  Dendrobium  Cambridgianum  first 
flowered. 

Campanulatus,  -a,  -um.     Bell-shaped. 

Candelabre.     In  form  of  a  candelabrum. 

Candidus,  -a,  -um.     Pure,  lustrous  white. 

Candollei.  In  honor  of  De  Candolle,  the  distinguished  bot- 
anist. 

Caniculatus,  -a,  -um.  Channeled,  generally  referring  to  the 
foliage. 

Capillipes.     Hairy-footed. 

Cardinalis,  -e.     Cardinal  color. 


GLOSSARY. 


44! 


Careyanum.  In  compliment  to  Dr.  Carey,  of  Serampore, 
India. 

Caricinus,  -a,  -um.     Sedge-leaved. 

Cariniferus,  -a,  -um.     Having  a  keel. 

Carneus,  -a,  -um.     Flesh-colored. 

Carthaginense.     From  Carthagena. 

Cartoni.  Complimentary  to  Mr.  Carton,  gardener  to  the 
Duke  of  Northumberland,  at  Lyon  House. 

Catasetum.  From  kata,  downwards,  and  seta,  a  bristle,  allud- 
ing to  direction  of  bristles  in  the  flowers. 

Cathcartii.     In  honor  of  the  late  Judge  Cathcart. 

Catillus.     From  Catullus,  a  Roman  emperor. 

Cattleya.  In  honor  of  Wm.  Cattleya,  of  Barnet,  Hertford- 
shire, one  of  the  earliest  amateur  growers  of  Orchids. 

Caudatus,  -a,  -um.     Having  long  tails. 

Caudicle.      |  A  little   tail ;    applied    to    the    minute    stalks 

Caudiculus.  )  which  sustain  the  pollen  mosses  of  Orchid 
flowers. 

Caulescens.     Having  a  tendency  to  develop  stems. 

Caulescent.     Possessed  of  a  more  or  less  obvious  stem. 

Cavendishii.  Complimentary  to  Wm.  Spencer  Cavendish, 
sixth  Duke  of  Devonshire.  Ob.  Jan.  17,  1838. 

Cebolleta.  The  leaves  of  the  Oncidium,  so  called,  resemble 
those  of  the  chive  (A  Ilium  Schoenoprasuni),  the  French 
name  of  which  is  ciboullete. 

Cepiformis,  -e.     Onion-shaped. 

Ceratochilus.  Horn  lip,  alluding  to  the  polished  lip  of  the 
Stanhopea. 

Cereolus,  -a,  -um.     Waxy. 

Cerinus,  -a,  -um.     Wax-colored. 

Cernuus,  -a,  -um.     Somewhat  pendulous,  drooping. 

Cervantesii.  In  compliment  to  the  Spanish  botanist,  Vicente 
Cervantes. 

G'haillainum.  Commemorative  of  the  African  traveller 

Chaillau. 


442  ORCHIDS. 

Chantinii.  In  compliment  to  Chantin,  a  French  horticultu- 
rist. 

Cheirostylis.     From  cheir,  a  hand,  and  stylos,  a  style. 

Chinensis,  -e.     From  China. 

Chloranthus,  -a,  -um.     Having  greenish-yellow  flowers. 

Chlorops.     Pale  green. 

Chlorochilus,  -a,  -um.     Green-lipped. 

Chocoensis.  Natives  of  the  province  of  Choco,  in  New 
Granada. 

Chimaera.     A  mythological  monster,  that  spouted  fire. 

-Chrysanthus,  -a,  -um.     Golden-flowered. 

Chrysocrepis.     Golden-shoed. 

Chrysothyrsus.  Golden-racemed,  a  thyrse  of  golden  flow- 
ers. 

Chrysotis.     Golden  eared. 

Chrysotoxus,  -a,  -um.     Golden-arched. 

Chysis.  Anything  melted,  the  pollinia  seeming  to  be  fused 
together. 

Ciliaris,  -e.     Fringed. 

>•  Minutely  and  very  delicately  fringed. 
Ciliatus,  -a,  -um.  j 

Cinnabarinus,  -a,  -um.     Vermilion-colored. 

Cirrhsea.     From  cirrus,  a  ringlet  or  tendril. 

Cirrhopetalum.     From  kerros,  tawny,  and  petalon,  a  petal. 

Citratus,  -a,  -um.     Of  orange  color,  or  smelling  like  orange. 

Citrinus,  -a,  -um.     Lemon-colored. 

Citrosmus,  -a,  -um.     Citron-scented. 

Clavatus,  -a,  -um.  Club-shaped  ;  solid  cylindrical,  slender  at 
the  base  and  gradually  thickening  upwards. 

Cleisostoma.     From  kleistos,  closed,  and  stoma,  a  mouth. 

Clowesii.  Commemorates  the  late  Rev.  John  Clowes,  of 
Manchester,  ob.  Sept.  28,  1846,  bequeathing  his  mag- 
nificent collection  of  Orchids  to  Kew  Gardens. 

Cnemidophorus,  -a,  -um.  Having  spaces  between  two  knots. 
Sheathed. 


GLOSSARY.  443 

Coccineus,  -a,  -um.     Bright  scarlet. 

Cochleatus,  -a,  -um.     Spoon-shaped,  usually  in  reference  to 

the  lip  of  a  flower. 
Ccelia.     From  koilos,  hollow. 
Coelogyne.     Hollow  stigma. 
Colax.     From  kolay,  a  parasite. 
Colleyi.     Commemorative  of  Mr.  Colley,  a  collector  of  Orchids 

in  Demarara  for  James  Bateman. 
Colorans.     Colored. 
Colossus.     Colossal,  large. 
Column.     In  an  Orchid  flower  a  composite  body  consisting 

of  three  styles  and  four  stamens,  the  whole  welded  into 

a  solid  mass. 

Comosus,  -a,  -um.     Hairy.     With  long  hair. 
Comparettia.     Dedicated  by  Poeppig  and  Endlicher  to  Pro- 
fessor Comparetti. 
Compressus,  -a,  -um.     Compressed,  constricted,   alluding  to 

shape  of  parts  of  a  flower. 
Conchoideus,  -a,  -um.     Resembling  a  shell. 
Concolor.     Uniformity  of  hue  in  sepals  and  petals. 
Coiigestus,  -a,  -um.     Thick,  full. 
Coiinivent.     Drawing  together,  so  as  to  form  an  arch. 
Conopseus,  -a,  -um.     Resembling  a  gnat. 
Constrictus,  -a,  -um.     Drawn  together,  contracted. 
Convallaroides.     Resembling  a  Convallaria. 
Cooperianum.      Complimentary  to    Mr.    Cooper,    of   Alpha 

House,  an  amateur  in  Orchids. 

Cordate.  ) 

>•  Heart-shaped. 
Cordatus,  -a,  -um.  ) 

Coriaceus,  -a,  -um.  Leathery,  usually  applied  to  thick 
leaves. 

Cornigerus,  -a,  -um.     Bearing  horns. 

Corolla.  The  circle  of  floral  pieces  intermediate  between  the 
calyx  and  stamens,  the  pieces  when  free  being  called 
petals.  Never  wanting  in  Orchids,  though  sometimes, 
as  in  Masdevallia,  much  inferior  in  size  to  the  sepals. 


444  ORCHIDS. 

Coronarius,  -a,  -um.     Resembling  a  crown  or  garland,  or 

adapted  for  chaplets. 

Cornu-cervi.     Stag's  horn  ;  flattened  like  an  antler. 
Cornutus,  -a,  -um.     Horned. 

Corrugatus,  -a,  -um.     Rough,  wrinkled,  usually  as  to  appear- 
ance of  pseudo-bulbs. 
Coryanthes.      Name  from  korus,  a  helmet,  and   anthos,  a 

flower. 

Crassifolius,  -a,  -um.     Thick-leaved. 
Crassinodis,  -e.     Having  remarkably  swollen  joints. 
Crepidatus,  -a,  -um.     Shaped  like  old-fashioned  sandals. 
Cretaceus,  -a,  -um.     Chalky  white. 
Criniferus,  -a,  -um.      Hairy. 

Crinitus,  -a,  -um.     Having  hairs  upon  the  surface. 
Crispilabius,  -a,  -um.     Crispy-lipped. 
Crispus,  -a,  -um.     Crisped  along  the  margin. 
Cristatus,  -a,  -um.     Crested. 
Crocidipterus,   -a,   -um.     Having  crocus  or  saffron-colored 

wings. 
Croesus.     A  king  of  Lydia,  famous  for  his  wealth  ;  Oncidium 

Croesus  is  so  named  for  its  rich  golden  color. 
Cruciformis,  -e.     Shaped  like  the  heraldic  Greek  cross,  or 

with  the  four  arms  all  of  equal  length. 

Cruentus,  -a,  -um.     Blood-color,  or  with  blood-colored  spots. 
Crumenatus,  -a,  -nm.     Purse-shaped. 
Cryptocopis.     Having  long  sepals. 
Crystallinus,  -a,  -um.     Resembling  ice  in  solidity  or  translu- 

cency. 

Cucullate.  |  Shaped  like  the  cowl  or  hood  worn  by 

Cucullatus,  -a,  -um.  )      monks. 
Cucumerinus,  -a,  -um.     Resembling  a  cucumber. 

Cuneate.  > 

>-  Wedge-shaped. 
Cuneatus,  -a,  -um.  ) 

Curaingii.     In  memory  of  Mr.  Hugh  Cuming,  who  introduced 
many  fine  Orchids,  especially  Phalcenopsis  amabilis. 


GLOSSARY.  445 

Cupreus,  -a,  -um.     Copper- colored. 

Curculigoides.     Resembling  a  curculigo. 

Curvifolius,  -a,  -um.     Curving-leaved. 

Cuspidatus,  -a,  -um.     Pointed,  or  tapering  to  a  point. 

Cyaneus,  -a,  -um.     Bright  blue,  azure. 

Cycnoches.     From  kuknos,  a  swan,  and  auxen,  a  neck. 

Cylindricus,  -a,  -um.  Long  and  slender,  the  horizontal  sec- 
tion circular. 

Cymbidium.  Boat-shaped,  in  allusion  to  the  form  of  the  lip. 
From  kumba,  a  boat. 

Cypripedium.  Literally  "  Venus 's  slipper,"  Cypris  having 
been  one  of  the  names  of  that  goddess.  In  conformity 
with  the  custom  that  prevailed  after  the  revival  of  learning 
many  things  originally  dedicated  to  Venus  were  trans- 
ferred to  "  Our  Lady,"  Notre  Dame,  the  Virgin  Mary. 
Hence  we  find  the  European  Cypripedium  formerly  bear- 
ing the  name  of  Calceolus  Marianns,  "  the  slipper  of  our 
Lady,"  of  which  the  modern  "  Ladies'  slipper,"  instead  of 
Lady's  slipper,  is  an  erroneous  writing. 

Cyrtochilum.     From  kurtos,  arched,  and  cheilos,  a  lip. 

Cyrtopera.     From  kurtos,  arched,  and  pera,  a  sack  or  bag. 

Cyrtopodium.     From  kurtos,  arched,  ft&d/fc*M^  a  foot. 

D. 

Daisy.     A  complimentary  name. 

Dalhousianus,  -a,  -um.  In  compliment  to  the  late  Countess 
of  Dalhousie. 

Davisii.  In  memory  of  Mr.  W.  Davis,  a  botanical  collector 
in  Peru. 

Dawsoni.  ">  In  compliment  to  Thomas  Dawson, 

Dawsoiiianus,  -a,  -um.  )  Meadow  Bank,  Uddington,  near 
Glasgow,  a  celebrated  grower  of  Orchids. 

Dayanus,  -a,  -um.  ]  In  compliment  to  John  Day,  High  Cross, 

Dayi.  j  Tottenham,  who  has  a  magnificent  col- 

lection of  Orchids. 


446  ORCHIDS. 

Deciduous.  Applied  to  organs  of  any  kind,  which  after  ful- 
filling their  functions,  detach  themselves  bodily  from  the 
part  they  were  attached  to. 

Decorus,  -a,  -um.     Comely. 

Delicatus,  -a,  -um.     Neat  and  tender. 

Deltoideus,  -a,  -um.  Delta-shaped,  alluding  to  form  of  the 
lip  or  petals. 

Dendrobium.     From  dendron,  a  tree,  and  bios,  life. 

Deiidrochilum.  From  dendron,  a  tree,  and  cheilos,  a  lip,  a 
lip-flowered  epiphyte. 

Denisoiiianus,  -a,  -um.  "]  In  compliment  to  Lady  Londesbor- 

Denisoni.  }•     ough,  wife  of  W.  H.  F.  Denison, 

Denisonse.  J       Baron  Londesborough. 

Densiflorus,  -a,  -um.     Having  the  flowers  densely  clustered. 

Densus,  -a,  -um.  Thick  ;  may  allude  either  to  the  habit  of 
the  plant,  or  to  the  texture  of  foliage  or  flower. 

Dentatus,  -a,  -um.     Toothed,  dentate. 

Denticulatus,  -a,  -um.     Minutely  toothed,  denticulate. 

Denudans.  Unclothed,  naked,  referring  to  parts  of  the 
flower. 

Dependens.     Drooping. 

Deppei.     In  honor  of  Mr.  Deppe,  a  collector  in  Mexico. 

Devonianus,  -a,  -um.  Complimentary  to  William  Spencer 
Cavendish,  sixth  Duke  of  Devonshire,  who  at  Chatsworth 
so  liberally  promoted  the  science  of  Botany. 

Diadema.  Like  a  diadem,  which  was  formerly  an  ornament 
spanning  the  front  of  the  head. 

Diandrous.     Having  two  stamens,  neither  more  nor  less. 

Dichoea.  From  diche,  in  two,  alluding  to  arrangement  of  the 
leaves. 

Dichotomus,  -a,  -um.     Dividing  or  forking  into  two  branches. 

Dichromus,  -a,  -um.     Two-colored. 

Dicrypta.  From  dis,  double,  and  knipto,  to  conceal,  alluding 
to  structure  of  the  pollinia. 

Dienia.  From  dis,  two,  and  enia,  a  strap,  alluding  to  attach- 
ment of  pollen  masses. 


GLOSSARY.  447 

Digbyanus,  -a,  -um.     Complimentary  to  Edward  St.  Vincent 

Digby,  Minterne,  Dorsetshire,  with  whom,  in  1846,  Bras- 

avola  Digbyanus  first  flowered. 

Digitatus,  -a,  -um.     Digitate,  with  narrow,  deep  cut  lobes. 
Dimorphism.     The  curious  phenomena  in  orchidious  plants 

of  two  or  more  shapes  of  flower  being  developed  upon  the 

same  plant  or  upon  individuals  of  the  same  species. 
Dinema.     From  dis,  two,   and  neo,  to  spin,  alluding  to  the 

thread-like  horns  of  the  column. 
Dipodium.     From  dis,  two,  and  pous,  a  foot,  referring  to  the 

threads  of  the  pollinia. 
Disa.     Meaning  unknown.     Linnaeus  adopted  this  name  from 

Bergius. 
Discolor.     When  the  two  surfaces  of  a  leaf  or  petal  are  of  two 

different  colors. 

Distichus,  -a,  -um.  |  Converged  in  two  vertical  ranks,  so  as 
Distichous.  )      to  present  a  flat  front. 

Divaricatus,  -a,  -um.     Straggling,  spreading  irregularly  in 

various  directions. 

Dixanthus,  -a,  -um.     Having  flowers  of  two  shades  of  yellow. 
Domingensis.     Native  of  St.  Domingo. 
Dominianum.     In  compliment  to  Mr.   Dominy,  foreman  at 

James  Veitch's,  whose  hybrid  Orchids  have  immortalized 

his  name. 

Dorsal.     Behind,  as  at  the  back  of  anything. 
Dowianus,  -a,  -um.     Complimentary  to  Captain  J.  M.  Dow. 
Drymoda.     From  drumos,  a  forest. 
Dubius,  -a,  -um.     Doubtful,  uncertain,  applied  to  plants  of 

uncertain  affinities. 

B. 

Eburneus,  -a,  -um.     Ivory  like. 

Ecornutus,  -a,  -um.     Without  horns. 

Edithiana.     Complimentary. 

Egertonianus,   -a,   -um.      Complimentary  to   Mr,  Egerton ; 

Cycnoches  Egertonianum. 


448  ORCHIDS. 

Ehrenbergii.  Dedicated  to  Charles  Ehrenberg,  the  natural- 
ist. 

Elatus,  -a,  -urn.  Tall,  taller  than  the  parts  or  organs  of  the 
plant  would  lead  us  to  expect,  or  tall  in  comparison  with 
its  near  allies. 

El  Dorado.  The  Golden,  the  name  of  the  fabulous  country 
described  by  Francis  Orellana,  the  companion  of  Pizarro. 
Well  applied  to  that  splendid  Cattleya,  whose  lip  seems 
to  hold  a  plate  of  burnished  metal. 

Elegans.     Very  choice  and  attractive,  worthy  of  being  chosen. 

Ellisii.  In  honor  of  Rev.  William  Ellis,  the  Madagascar  trav- 
eller. 

Elongatus,  -a,  -um.     Lengthened. 

Emarginatus,  -a,  -um.  Having  a  little  notch  in  the  rounded 
extremity  ;  emarginate. 

Ensatus,  -a,  -um.     Sword-shaped. 

Ensifolius,  -a,  -um.     Leaves  sword-shaped. 

Eusiformis,  -e.     Sword-shaped,  ensiform. 

Ephippium.     A  side-saddle. 

Epidendroid.es.     Resembling  an  Epidendrum. 

Epidendrum.  From  epi,  upon,  and  dendron,  a  tree,  referring, 
like  Dendrobium,  to  the  habitat.  Originally  it  was  the 
generic  name  of  nearly  all  tree  Orchids.  It  should  be 
written  Epidend^wz. 

Epistephium.     From  epi,  upon,  and  Stephanos,  a  garland. 

Equestris,  -e.     Knightly,  courteous,  very  handsome. 

Eriopsis.     From  Eria  and  opsis,  resemblance. 

Erinaceus,  -a,  -um.     Like  a  hedgehog,  bristly. 

Erubescens.     Blushing,  growing  rosy  red. 

Estradse.     In  honor  of  Dona  Estrada,  of  New  Granada. 

Euglossus,  -a,  -um.     Having  a  handsome  tongue. 

Eulophia.     From  eulophos,  a  handsome  crest. 

Euxanthinus,  -a,  -um.     Beautiful  yellowish  brown. 

Evectus,  -a,  -um.     Exalted,  proud,  stately. 

Excavatus,  -a,  -um.     Hollowed. 


GLOSSARY.  449 

Exoniensis,  -e.  Raised  at  Exeter  by  the  celebrated  nursery- 
men, Messrs.  James  Veitch  &  Sons. 

F. 

Fairrieanus,  -a,  -um.  Complimentary  to  Mr.  Fairrie,  of  Liv- 
erpool, an  amateur. 

Falcatus,  -a,  -um.     Sickle-shaped,  or  curved. 

Falconeri.  Complimentary  to  Dr.  Hugh  Falconer,  distin- 
guished for  his  services  to  East  Indian  botany. 

Family  of  Plants.  The  equivalent  of  "  natural  Order,"  the 
"  Orchis  family,"  being  the  same  as  Orchids  or  Orchida- 
ceae. 

Farmer!.  Complimentary  to  the  late  W.  G.  Farmer,  a  cele- 
brated Orchid  amateur. 

Fasciatus,  -a,  -um.  Swathed,  banded,  flattened,  applied  to 
stems  and  branches. 

Fausta.     A  complimentary  name. 

Fernandezia.  Name  in  honor  of  George  Garcias  Fernandez, 
a  Spanish  botanist. 

Ferrugiiieus,  -a,  -um.     Rusty,  dull-colored. 

Festivus,  -a,  -um.     Beautiful. 

Fieldingii.     Complimentary  to  the  late  W.  B.  Fielding. 

Filiformis,  -e.     Very  long,  slender,  and  flexible. 

Filipes.     Slender-footed. 

Fimbriatus,  -a,  -um.     Fringed. 

Finlaysonianum.     In  memory  of  Mr.  Finlayson  ? 

Flaccidus,  -a,  -um.  Weak,  drooping,  usually  applied  to 
flower-stems. 

Flaveo  oculatus,  -a,  -um.     Yellow-eyed. 

Flavescens.     Yellowish. 

Flavicans.     Approaching  to  yellow. 

Flavidus,  -a,  -um.     Yellow. 

Flavus,  -a,  -um.     Yellow. 

Flexuosus,  -a,  -um.     Slightly  zig-zag,  applied  to  stems. 

Flora.  The  total  of  the  species  of  plants  indigenous  to  a 
29 


450  ORCHIDS. 

given  country  or  district.     When  for  a  very  small  area, 

the  term  Florula  is  employed.     In  the  secondary  sense, 

a  book  in  which  the  vegetation  of  a  country  or  province 

is  described  and  classified. 
Floridus,  -a,  -urn.    Literally  flowering  and  thence  flourishing ; 

gay,  bright. 

Foliaceus,  -a,  -um.     Leaf-like  in  texture,  foliaceous. 
Foliosus,  -a,  -um.     Leafy. 
Forbesii.    Commemorative  of  Mr.  Forbes,  collector  in  Brazil 

for  the  Royal  Horticultural  Society. 
Forkeli.     Dedicated  to  Mr.  Forkel. 
Formosus,   -a,   -um.     Very    beautiful    in    shape,    therefore, 

strikingly  ornamental. 
Fragrans.  Sweet-scented. 
Frederic!  Guilielmi.  In  honor  of  Frederic  William,  King  of 

Prussia. 

Fuliginosus,  -a,  -um.     Sooty,  dull-colored. 
Fulvus,  -a,  -um.     Tawny. 
Furcatus,  -a,  -um.     Forked  or  two-horned. 
Furfuraceus,  -a,  -um.     Scurfy. 
Furvus,  -a,  -um.     Dusky,  dull-colored. 
Fuscatus,  -a,  -um.     Brownish  flowered. 
Fuscescens.     Reddish  brown. 
Fusco-luteus,  -a,  -um.     Brownish  yellow. 
Fusiformis,  -e.     Spindle-shaped  ;  fusiform. 
Fytcheanus,  -a,  -um.     Complimentary  to  Colonel  Fytch,  who 

discovered  Dendrobium  Fytcheanum. 

a. 

Galeandra.     From  galea,  a  helmet,  and  aner,  an  anther,  al- 
luding to  the  crested  anther. 
Galeatus,  -a,  -um.     Resembling  a  helmet. 
Galeottianus,  -a,  -um.  \  In  memory  of  M.  Galeotti,  who  col- 
Galeottia.  \      lected  Orchids  in  Mexico,  in  1839, 

Galeottii.  j      an  author  of  a  work  on  Orchids. 


GLOSSARY.  451 

Gardnerianus,  -a,  -urn. ")  Complimentary    to    the    botanical 

Gardner!.  >  traveller,  George  Gardner,  who 

introduced  many  plants  from  Brazil  in  1836-1841.  He 
died  as  superintendent  of  Botanic  Garden  at  Peradenia, 
Ceylon,  March  10,  1849. 

Gautieri.  In  honor  of  Hypolito  Gautier,  collector  in  South 
America  for  Ambrose  Verschaffelt 

Gibbsianus.  In  honor  of  Mr.  H.  Gibbs,  an  English  ama- 
teur. 

Gibsoni.  Complimentary  to  Mr.  John  Gibson,  who  collected 
plants  in  the  East  Indies  for  the  Duke  of  Devonshire. 

Giganteus,  -a,  -um.  Geatly  exceeding  its  congeners  in  size 
and  stature. 

Gigas.     A  giant,  in  allusion  to  size,  either  of  plant  or  flower. 

Gireoudiana.  Complimentary  to  Mr.  Gireoud.  A  species  of 
Brassia  was  so  named  by  Professor  Reichenbach. 

Glabrous.     Smooth  and  perfectly  destitute  of  down  or  hair. 

Gladiatus,  -a,  -um.     Having  sword-shaped  foliage. 

Glaucescens.     Having  a  tendency  to  be  glaucous. 

Glaucus,  -a,  -um.  Green,  with  the  addition  of  a  peculiar 
bluish  white  as  in  the  foliage  of  carnations. 

Globiferus,  -a,  -um.  Globe-bearing,  in  allusion  to  the  round- 
ness of  the  flowers. 

Gloriosus,  -a,  -um.     Renowned,  illustrious,  very  beautiful. 

Glumaceus,  -a,  -um.  Chaffy  in  texture  or  resembling  the 
awns  of  wheat. 

Glutinosus,  -a,  -um.     Sticky. 

Gongora.  In  honor  of  Antonia  Gongora,  Viceroy  of  New 
Granada. 

Goodyera.  In  memory  of  John  Goodyer,  an  old  Hampshire 
botanist  mentioned  in  Gerard's  "  Herbal,"  p.  228. 

Goodyeroides.     Resembling  a  Goodyera. 

Govenia.     In  honor  of  J.  R.  Gowen. 

Goweri.  Complimentary  to  Mr.  J.  R.  Gower,  for  many  years 
a  collector  in  Assam. 


452  ORCHIDS. 

Gracilis,  -e.     Slender  and  thence  graceful. 

Grahami.     In  honor  of  Dr.  Graham,  an  amateur. 

Graminoides.     Resembling  grass. 

Grammatophyllum.     From  gramma,  a  letter,  and  phullon,  a 

leaf. 
Grandifolius,  -a,  -um.     Having  leaves  larger  than  those  of 

its  congeners. 
Grandiflorus,  -a,  -um.     Having  flowers  large  in  comparison 

with  others  of  the  genus. 
Grandis,  -e.     Grand,  great,  imposing. 
Granulosus,  -a,  -um.     Covered  with  grains  or  roughness. 
Graveolens.     Strong  smelling. 
Greenii.     Complimentary  to  Charles  Green,  gardener  to  Mr. 

Wilson  Saunders. 

Griffithianus,  -a,  -um.  *>  Complimentary  to  the   late  William 
Griffith!!,  j       Griffith,     superintendent    of    the 

Calcutta  Gardens  from  1841.    Ob.  Feb.  7,  1845. 
Grobya.     Dedicated  to  Lord  Grey  of  Groby. 
Guatemalensis.     Native  of  Guatemala. 
Guincensis,  -e.     Native  of  Guinea. 
Guttatus,  -a,  -um.     Spotted  with  color  as  if  by  falling  drops. 

H. 

Habenaria.     From  habena,  a  rein. 

Haemaria.     Blood  colored. 

Haematochilus,  -a,  -um.     Bloody  lipped. 

Hadweni.  In  memory  of  Isaac  Hadwen,  of  Liverpool,  a  cul- 
tivator of  Orchids. 

Halli.  Commemorates  the  discovery  of  the  Odontoglossum 
so  named,  by  Colonel  Hall,  in  the  valley  of  Lloa,  near 
Chimborazo. 

Hanburyanum.     In  honor  of  Mr.  Hanbury. 

Harpophylla.     Having  sickle-shaped  leaves. 

Harrisonianus,  -a,  -um.  Applied  to  a  beautiful  Saccolabium, 
this  name  is  complimentary  to  Mr.  C.  H.  Harrison,  of 
Singapore,  an  eminent  Orchid  amateur. 


GLOSSARY.  453 

Harrisonise.  Commemorates  the  Liverpool  family,  to  three 
members  of  which  —  Wm.  Harrison  (resident  at  Rio  Ja- 
neiro), Richard  Harrison,  and  Mrs.  Arnold  Harrison  — 
the  Orchidology  of  Brazil  and  the  Orchid  cultivators  of 
thirty  years  ago,  are  so  greatly  indebted. 

Harryana.     In  honor  of  Mr.  Harry  Veitch. 

Hartwegia.  Complimentary  to  Theodore  Hartweg,  a  collec- 
tor of  Mexican  Orchids. 

Hastilabius,  -a,  -um.     Spear-lipped. 

Hastiferus,  -a,  -um.  Spear-shaped,  having  some  portion  of 
the  plant  of  this  shape. 

Havanensis,  -e.     Native  of,  or  brought  from,  Havana. 

Hedyosmum.     Sweet-smelling. 

Helcia.     From  helcium*  a  horse-collar. 

Helvolus,  -a,  -um.     Pale  red,  yellowish. 

Henchmani.     In  memory  of  Mr.  Henchman. 

Hendersonii.  Complimentary  to  Henderson,  several  of  which 
name  have  been  eminent  in  floriculture. 

Henslaallii.  Commemorative  of  John  Henshall,  collector  of 
the  Messrs.  Rollinson  in  Java. 

Herbaceus,  -a,  -um.  Green,  succulent,  in  contradistinction  to 
woody. 

Herbert!.  In  honor  of  Rev.  William  Herbert,  a  distinguished 
botanist. 

Heterocarpus,  -a,  -um.  Having  variable  or  various  kinds  of 
seed  pods. 

Heyneanum.     Complimentary. 

Hians.     Gaping,  opening  wide. 

Hillii.  Dedicated  to  Walter  Hill,  superintendent  of  Botanic 
Garden  at  Moreton  Bay. 

Hirsutissimus,  -a,  -um.     Very  hairy. 

Holfordianum.  Complimentary  to  R.  S.  Holford,  of  Glouces- 
tershire, who  first  bloomed  the  variety  of  Saccolabium  gut- 
tatum,  bearing  his  name. 

Holochrysus.     All  golden. 


454  ORCHIDS. 

Hookerae.  In  compliment  to  Lady  Hooker,  widow  of  the  late 
W.  J.  Hooker,  and  mother  of  Dr.  J.  D.  Hooker,  the  pres- 
ent director  of  Kew  Gardens. 

Hookerianum.     Complimentary  to  Dr.  Hooker. 

Horsfalli.     Complimentary  to  J.  B.  Horsfall,  of  Staffordshire. 

Houlletia.  Complimentary  to  M.  Houllet,  superintendent  of 
the  greenhouses  of  the  museum  of  Paris. 

Houtteana.  In  honor  of  Van  Houtte,  the  well  known  horti- 
culturist. 

Humboldti.  ]  In     memory   of     Humboldt,    the 

Humboldtianus,  -a,  -um.  )  great  botanical  traveller  and 
scientific  naturalist. 

Humilis,  -e.     Low-growing. 

Huntianum.     In  memory  of  Mr.  Hunt. 

Huntleya.  Complimentary  to  Rev.  John  S.  Huntley,  cotem- 
porary  as  an  Orchid  grower  with  Mr.  Cattley  and  the 
Liverpool  Harrisons. 

Huttoni.  In  memory  of  Mr.  Henry  Hutton,  who  died  while 
collecting  Orchids  in  Java  for  Messrs.  Veitch. 

Hyacinthinus,  -a,  -um.     Resembling  a  Hyacinth. 

Hybridus,  -a,  -um.     A  hybrid  variety. 

Hymenanthus,  -a,  -um.  Wedding-flower,  alluding  to  delicate 
beauty. 

Hyphaematicus,  -a,  -um.     Blood  red  underneath. 

Hypnum.  A  genus  of  little  green  plants,  usually  called 
mosses. 

Hystrix.     A  porcupine. 

I. 

Ibaguensis,  -e,  or  ) 

}•  From  Ibasrua. 
Ybaguensis,  -e.     ) 

Igneus,  -a,  -um.     Fiery  color,  red. 

Imbricatus,  -a,  -um.     So  disposed  that  the  edges  overlap ; 

imbricate. 
Immaculatus,  -a,  -um.     Spotless. 


GLOSSARY.  455 

Incrassatus,  -a,  -um.     Thickened. 

Incurvus,  -a,  -um.     Crooked,  bent. 

Indivisus,  -a,  -um.     Undivided. 

Infundibulum.     A  funnel. 

Inodorus,  -a,  -um.     Scentless. 

Insignis,  -e.     Noble,  admirable,  conspicuous. 

Insleayi.  Complimentary  to  T.  Insleay,  of  Birmingham,  for- 
merly gardener  to  Mr.  Barker,  of  Springfield. 

Intergerrimum.  Whole-lipped,  applied  to  a  species  of  Cata- 
setum. 

Intermedius,  -a,  -um.     Half  way  between  two  other  things. 

Internodes.  The  portions  of  the  stem  that  extend  from  joint 
to  joint. 

Interruptus,  -a,  -um.  Having  regularity  of  outline  partly  de- 
stroyed. 

Inversus,  -a,  -um.     Turned  up. 

lonopsis.     From  ion,  a  violet,  and  opsis,  resemblance. 

lonosmus,  -a,  -um.     Scented  like  violets. 

Irapeanum.     From  Irapeo  (Mexico). 

Iridifolius,  -a,  -um.     Iris-leaved. 

Irroratus,  -a,  -um.     Dewy,  moistened,  sprinkled  with  dew. 

Isochilus.     From  z'svs,  equal,  and  cheilos,  a  lip. 

J. 

Jamesianum.     In  honor  of  the  late   Mr.  James  Veitch. 
Janeirense.     From  Rio  Janeiro. 
Japonicus,  -a,  -um.     Native  of  Japan. 
Javanicus,  -a,  -um.     Native  of  Java. 
Jenkinsi.     Complimentary  to  the  late    Captain  Jenkins,  an 

Indian  friend  and  correspondent  of  Dr.  Wallich. 
Johannis.     In  honor  of  Mr.  John  G.  Veitch. 
Jongheana.     Dedicated  to   Mr.  De  Jonghe,  of  Brussels,  an 

orchiologist. 

Jugosus.  -a,  -um.     Furrowed,  lipped,  also  mountainous. 
Juncifolius,  -a,  -urn.     Rush-leaved. 


4«>6  ORCHIDS. 

K. 

Karwinskii.     Dedicated  to  Count  Karwinski. 

Kingianum.     In  honor  of  Captain  King,  of  the  royal  navy, 

who  commanded  an  exploring  expedition  in  the  South 

Sea  in  1828. 

Knowlesii.     In  honor  of  Mr.  Knowles. 

Krameri.  )The  Oncidium  so  named  refers  to 

Kramerianus,  -a,  -urn.  >      the  skill  of  an  old  Orchid  grower, 

M.   Kramer,  now  of  Hamburg.     The  Odontoglossum  is 

named  after  his  son,  formerly  a  collector  for  Messrs. 

Veitch,  and  now  living  in  Japan. 
Krebsii.     Complimentary  to  Mr.  Krebs,  a  collector  of  plants 

in  Natal. 

L. 

Labiatus,  -a,  -um.     Large-lipped. 

Lacceiia.  A  name  of  Helen  of  Troy,  applied  because  of  the 
beauty  of  the  plant. 

Lacertinus,  -a,  -um.     Resembling  a  lizard. 

Laelia.  Laelia  was  the  eldest  daughter  of  Caius  Laelius,  a 
noble  Roman,  B.  c.  141.  She  was  celebrated  for  the 
purity  with  which  she  spoke  her  native  language,  and  for 
pleasing  and  attractive  qualities.  The  beautiful  genus  of 
Orchids  bearing  her  name  is  remarkable  for  all  pleasing 
qualities. 

Laeliopsis.     From  Lcelia  and  opsts,  resemblance. 

Laevigatus,  -a,  -um.  Having  a  smooth,  polished  surface  ; 
applied  to  stems. 

Laevis,  -e.     Free  from  asperities  and  any  kind  of  unevenness. 

Lagenaria.     Flask  or  bottle-shaped. 

Lamellae.     Very  small,  and  thin  vertical  plates. 

Laminatus,  -a,  -um.     Covered  with  plates  or  scales. 

Lanceanus,  -a,  -um.  Complimentary  to  John  Henry  Lance, 
who  about  forty  years  ago  brought  many  fine  Orchids 
from  Surinam. 


GLOSSARY.  457 

Lanciferus,  -a,  -um.     Having  lance-shaped  foliage. 

Laiicifolius,  -a,  -um.     Having  narrow  tapering  leaves. 

Landsbergii.     In  honor  of  Lands  berg. 

Lanipes.     Having  woolly  stalks  or  peduncles. 

Larpentae.  In  compliment  to  Lady  Larpent,  wife  of  Sir 
George  Larpent,  Roehampton,  Surrey. 

Lassioglossus,  -a,  -um.     Woolly  tongued. 

Latilabrus,  -a,  -um.     Broad  lipped. 

Latifolius,  -a,  -um.  Broad  leaved,  in  comparison  with  others 
of  the  genus. 

Lawrenciana.  In  honor  of  Mrs.  Lawrence,  who  formerly  had 
one  of  the  finest  collections  of  plants  in  England,  and 
who  first  bloomed  many  rare  species. 

Laxus.  -a,  -um.     Loose,  usually  applied  to  flower-spikes. 

Lemoniana.     In  honor  of  Sir  Charles  Lemon. 

Lentigiiiosus,  -a,  -um.     Freckled,  covered  with  spots,  scurfy. 

Leochilus.     From  leios,  smooth,  and  cheilos,  a  lip. 

Leonis.     Of  a  lion,  in  the  sense  of  strong,  stout 

Leopardinus,  -a,  -um.  Tawny  or  perhaps  spotted  like  a  leop- 
ard. 

Leopold!!.  Complimentary  to  Leopold  I.,  King  of  the  Bel- 
gians, whose  garden  at  Lacken  was  noted  for  splendid 
Orchids. 

Lepidus,  -a,  -um.     Neat,  pretty,  pleasing. 

Leptosepalus,  -a,  -um.     Having  slender  sepals. 

Leptotes.     Slender. 

Leucochilus,  -a,  -um.     White  lipped. 

Leucorrhodus,  -a,  -um.     Rosy  white. 

Liliaceus,  -a,  -um.     Resembling  a  lily. 

LiHastrus,  -a,  um.     Lily  like. 

Limbatus,  -a,  -um.  Having  a  distinct  border  of  some  other 
color. 

Limminghii.  In  memory  of  the  distinguished  Belgian  or- 
chiologist  Count  Alfred  de  Limminghe. 

Linawiauus,  -a,  -um.     ? 

\o 


458  ORCHIDS. 

Lindeni.     Complimentary  to  Mr.  Linden,  the  celebrated  hor- 
ticulturist. 
Lindleyanus,  -a,  -um.     In  memory  of  the  late  Dr.  Lindley, 

the  distinguished  orchiologist.     Ob.  Nov.  I,  1865. 
Linearis,  -e.     Linear,  slender,  of  the  same  breadth  through- 
out, except  at  the  extremities. 
Lineatus,  -a,  -um.     Penciled  with  fine  lines. 
Linguiformis,  -e.     Tongue-shaped. 
Limatodes.     Indian  name. 
Liparis.     From  liparos,  shining. 
Lissochilus.     From  Kssos,  smooth,  and  ckeilos,  a  lip. 
Lituiflorus,   -a,   -um.     Like    the    Roman    lituus,   a  slightly 

curved  trumpet. 

Lobatus,  -a,  -um.     Having  deep  indentations. 
Lobbi.     In  memory  of  Messrs.  Thomas  and  William  Lobb, 

collectors  for  Messrs.  James  Veitch  and  Sons. 
Loddigesii.     In  honor  of  Conrad  Loddiges  and  Sons,  owners 
of  the  famous  Hackney  nurseries.     In   1844,  their  cata- 
logue of  Orchids  numbered  1916  names. 
Longicollis,  -e.     Having  a  long  neck. 
Longicornu.     Having  a  long  horn. 
Longifolius,  -a,  -um.     Long  leaved. 
Longiscapus,  -a,  -um.     Having  a  long  flower-stalk. 
Lowii.     In  honor  of  the  well-known  nursery  firm  of  Hugh 
Low  and  Sons,  sometimes  referring  to  Hugh  Low  him- 
self, sometimes   to  his  eldest   son,  of  the   same  name ; 
sometimes  to  Mr.  Stuart  H.  Low. 

Luddemamiia.  ")  Complimentary  to  Mr.  Ludde- 

Luddemannianus,  -a,  -um.  )  mann,  once  director  of  the 
celebrated  Orchid  establishment  of  M.  Pescatore,  Celle 
St.  Cloud,  Paris. 

Lunatus,  -a,  -um.     Crescent-shaped. 
Luridus,  -a,  -um.     Dismal  colored,  yellowish  brown. 
Luteolus,  -a,  -um.     Pale  yellow. 

Luteo-purpureus,  -a,  -um.  Yellowish  purple  or  yellow  and 
purple. 


GLOSSARY.  459 

Lutescens.     Yellowish. 

Luxatus,  -a,  -um.     Disjointed. 

Lyoaste.     The  name  of  a  celebrated  beauty  who  is  said  to 

have  lived  at  Drepanum,  in  Sicily. 
Lyonsi.     In  memory  of  Mr.  Lyon,  a  collector  of  West  Indian 

Orchids. 

M. 

M'Carthiee.  Complimentary  to  Mrs.  McCarthy,  wife  of  Hon. 
C.  J.  McCarthy,  who  in  1855  was  Colonial  Secretary  in 
Ceylon. 

Mackayi.  Complimentary  to  the  late  J.  T.  Mackay,  of  Trin- 
ity College,  Botanic  Garden,  Dublin. 

McMarlandi.  Complimentary  to  E.  McMarland,  an  amateur 
orchiologist. 

Macodes. 

Macraei.     In  honor  of  Mr.  M'Rae,  a  Ceylon  collector. 

Macranthus,  -a,  -um.     Broad  or  large  flowered. 

Macroceras.     Long-horned. 

Macrochilus,  -a,  -um.     Broad  or  large  lipped. 

Macrophyllus,  -a,  -um.     Broad  or  large  leaved. 

Macrostachius,  -a,  -um.  Having  long  tails  like  an  ear  of 
corn. 

Maculatus,  -a,  -um.    ) 

[  Spotted. 
Maculosus,  -a,  -um.    ) 

Majalis.     Flowering  in  May. 

Major.     Larger  than  its  congeners. 

Majus.     Large  compared  with  others  of  the  same  genus. 

Mannii.     In  honor  of  Mr.  Mann,   of  the   Calcutta   Botanic 

Garden. 

Margareticeus,  -a,  -um.     Pearly  or  spotted  with  pearly  dots. 
Marginatus,  -a,  -um.     When  a  flat  surface  has  the  edge  of  a 

different  color  so  as  to  appear  bordered. 
Mariana.     A  complimentary  name. 
Marmoratus,  -a,  -um.     Marbled. 


460  ORCHIDS. 

Marshalleanus,  -a,  -um.     In  honor  of  Mr.  W.  Marshall,  who 

first  bloomed  the  Oncidium  so  named. 
Martiana.     In  memory  of   Dr.  Von   Martius,  the   Brazilian 

explorer. 

Masculus,  -a,  um.     Male  or  masculine,  thence  robust  in  con- 
tradistinction to  delicate. 
Masdevallia.     In   honor    of    Joseph    Masdevall,   a   Spanish 

botanist. 
Masters!!.     In  honor  of  Mr.  Masters,  one   of  the   principal 

assistants  in  the  Calcutta  Botanic  Garden. 
Masuca.     An  Indian  name. 
Matutinus,  -a,  -um.     Flower  of  the  morning. 
Maulei.    Complimentary  to  the  Bristol  nurseryman  and  Orchid 

grower,  Mr.  William  Maule. 
Maxillaria.     So  named  from  fancied  resemblance  of  parts  of 

the  flower  to  the  jaws  or  maxillae  of  insects. 
Maxillaris,  -e.     Resembling  jaws. 
Maxilligerus,  -a,  -um.     Bearing  a  jaw-bone. 
Maximus,  -a,  um.     The  largest  of  its  family. 
Medius,  -a,  -um.     Intermediate,  between  two  species. 
Medusae.     Medusa   was   one   of   the   Gorgons  whose   locks 

Minerva  changed  into  serpents. 

Megaclinium.     From  megas,  great,  and  kline,  a  bed. 
Melaleucus,  -a,  -um.     Blackish. 
Melanocaulon.    Black-stalked,  from  melas,  black,  and  kaulos, 

a  stalk. 

Meleagris.     Resembling  or  spotted  like  a  Guinea  hen. 
Mendeli.      Complimentary  to    Samuel   Mendel,   of    Manley 

Hall,  owner  of  one  of  the  finest  collections  of  orchids 

in  England.     It  was  dispersed  in  1874. 

Membranaceus,  -a,  -um.    Thin,  dry,  flexible,  and  semi-trans- 
lucent. 

Microchilus,  -a,  -um.      Small  lipped. 
Miltonia.     Complimentary  to  Viscount  Milton,  Earl  Fitzwil- 

liam   of   Wentworth    House,    Yorkshire,  where  Orchids 

were  beautifully  grown.  * 


GLOSSARY.  461 

Miniatus,  -a,  -um.     Vermilion-colored. 

Mitratus,  -a,  -um.     Wearing  a  mitre,  alluding  to  the  shape  of 

the  flower. 

Moiiiliformis,  -e.     Necklace -like. 
Monoceras.      One-horned. 

Monteanus,  -a.  -um. ) 

>  Inhabiting  mountains. 
Montanus,  -a,  -um.    ) 

Morelianus,  -a,  -um.     In  honor  of  M.  Morel,  of  Paris. 

Mormodes.     From  mormo,  a  goblin. 

Moscifera.     Bearing  flies,  from   musca,  a  fly,  and  fero,  to 

bear,  alluding  to  the  resemblance  of  some  flowers  to  a 

fly. 

Moschatus,  -a,  -um.     Musk-scented. 
Mossiae.     Complimentary  to  Thomas  Moss,  of  Liverpool,  who 

grew  fine  Orchids  forty  years  ago. 
Moulmeinense.     Native  of  Moulmein. 
Multiflorus,  -a,  -um.     Many-flowered. 
Myanthus.     From  muia,  a  fly. 
Myrianthus,  -a,  -um.     Innumerable-flowered. 

N. 

Naevius,  -a,  -um.     Freckled. 
Nanodes.     From  nanodes,  a  pigmy. 
Naso.     Having  a  nose. 
Nasonia.     From  nasot  a  nose. 
Nebulosus,  -a,  -um.     Clouded  ;  when  in  flowers  a  dingy  hue 

pervades  a  bright  one  ;  also,  applied  to  a  plant  growing 

at  a  lofty  elevation. 
Nemoralis,  -e.     Growing  in  groves. 
Neottia.     From  neottia,  a  nest. 
Nepalensis,  -e.     Native  of  Nepaul. 
Nevadense.     From  Sierra  Nevada. 
Niger,  nigra,  -um.     Black. 
Nigrescens.     Blackish. 
Nigritus,  -a,  -um.     Blackish. 


462  ORCHIDS. 

Nitidus,  -a,  -um.     Shining. 

Nivalis,  -e.     Snow  white. 

Niveus,  -a,  -um.     Snowy  white. 

Nobilis,  -e.     Eminent ;  remarkable  for  fine  qualities. 

Nocturnus,  -a,  -um.     Night-blooming. 

Nodatus,  -a,  -um.  >  „ 

f-  Having  many  joints  or  nodes. 
Nodosus,  -a,  -um.  > 

Notylia.     From  notes,  the  back,  and  tulos,  a  lump. 
Nubigenuni.     Cloud  born. 
Nutans.     Nodding. 
Nycterinus,  -a,  -um.     Dusky. 

O. 

Obesus,  -a,  -um.     Fat,  fleshy  ;  applied  to  thick  pseudo-bulbs. 
Oblongatus,  -a,  -um.     Drawn  out,  oblong. 
Obryzatus,  -a,  -um.     Pure  gold  color. 
Obtusatus,  -a,  -um. 


,       Blunt. 
Obtusus,  -a,  -um. 

Ochraceus,  -a,  -um.      ) 

J-  Yellowish. 
Ochroleucus,  -a,  -um.  > 

Oculatus,  -a,  -um.     Eyed ,   having  one  or  more  dark  spots 

like  eyes. 

Odontoglossum.    From  odontos,  a  tooth,  and  glossa,  a  tongue. 
Odoratus,  -a,  -um.     Fragrant. 
Odoratissimus,  -a,  -um.     Very  fragrant 
Octomeria.    From  octo,  eight,  and  meros,  a  part. 
(Eceoclades.     From  oikeo,  to  inhabit,  and  klados,  a  branch. 
Oncidium.     From  ogkos,  a  tubercle,  and  eidos,  appearance,  in 

allusion  to  the  protuberances  on  the  lip. 
Oncidioides.     Resembling  an  Oncidium. 
Orchid.     A  plant  with  flowers  like  those  of  an  orchis. 
Orchis.     From  the  Greek  orchus.     Formerly  every  Orchid 

was  called  an  orchis.     The  name  is  now  restricted  to  a 

definite  growth  of  terrestrial  species. 
Ordiana.     In  compliment  to  Lady  Ord. 


GLOSSARY.  463 

Ornithidium.     From  arm's,  a  bird,  and  eidos,  resemblance. 
Ornithocephalus.     From  ornis,  a  bird,  and  cephalus,  a  head. 
Ornithorhyncus,  -a,  -um.     Resembling  the  beak  of  a  bird. 
Ovalis,  -e.     Of  oval  shape. 

Ovate.     A  flat  surface,  having  the  outline  of  the  vertical  sec- 
tion the  shape  of  an  egg. 
Ovoid.     A  solid  in  the  form  of  an  egg. 
Oxypterus,  -a,  -um.     Sharp-winged. 


P. 

Pachyanthus,  -a,  -um.     Thick-flowered. 

Pachyphyllus,  -a,  -um.     Thick-leaved. 

Pahudii.     In  memory  of  Pahud  ? 

Paleaceus,  -a,  -um.     Chaffy. 

Fallidiflorus,  ra,  -um.     Pale-flowered. 

Pallidus,  -a,  -um.     Pale. 

Palumbina.     From  palumba,  a  dove. 

Palustris,  -e.     Growing  in  marshes. 

Palpebree.     The  eyelashes  ;  applied  to  a  flower  with  fringed 

lip. 

Paniculatus,  -a,  -um.     Branching  irregularly. 
Panduratus,  -a,  -um.     Shaped  like  a  violin. 
Faphinia.     From  Paphia,  one  of  the  surnames  of  Venus. 
Papilio.     A  butterfly. 

Papillosus,  -a,  -um.     Covered  with  teat-like  protuberances. 
Parasites.     Plants  which  subsist  by  the   absorption  of  the 

juices  of  some  other  plant  on  which  they  fix  themselves. 

No  epiphytal  Orchid  is  a  parasite. 
Pardinus,  -a,  -um.     Panther-spotted. 
Parishii.     Complimentary  to  Rev.  C.  S.  P.  Parish,  of  Moul- 

mein,  who  has  discovered  so  many  splendid  Orchids. 
Parkeri.     Commemorative  of  Mr.  C.  S.  Parker,  an  amateur  in 

Orchids. 
Parkinsonii.     Commemorative  of  Mr.  Parkinson,  the  English 

consul-general  in  Mexico,  about  1839. 


464  ORCHIDS. 

Farviflorus,  -a,  -tun.     Small-flowered. 

Passerinus,  -a,  -um.     Resembling  or  marked  like  a  sparrow. 

Patini.  In  honor  of  Mr.  C.  Patin,  a  Belgian  collector  in  New 
Granada. 

Patulus,  -a,  -um.     Spreading,  broad,  flat. 

Paxtonia.     Dedicated  to  Sir  Joseph  Paxton. 

Paxtoni.     Complimentary  to  the  late  Sir  Joseph  Paxton. 

Pearcei.  In  honor  of  Mr.  Pearce,  the  discoverer  of  many 
new  plants. 

Peduncularis,  -e.     Having  long  peduncles  or  flower-stalks. 

Pelicanus,  -a,  -um.     Like  a  pelican. 

Pellucidus,  -a,  -um.     Transparent  or  bright. 

Pendulus,  -a,  -um.     Drooping. 

Pentadactylus,  -a,  -um.     Five-fingered. 

Perianth.  The  calyx  and  corolla,  or  sepals  and  petals  taken 
together. 

Peristeria.     A  dove. 

Peristeria.     Resembling  a  Peristeria. 

Perrinii.  In  memory  of  the  gardener  who,  forty  years  ago, 
had  charge  of  Mr.  Harrison's  Orchids  at  Liverpool,  as 
applied  to  Brasavola  Perrinii j  also,  as  applied  to  Lcelia 
Perrinii,  complimentary  to  Mr.  Perrin,  of  Rio  Janeiro. 

Pertusus,  -a,  -um.     Perforated  ;  having  an  aperture. 

Pescatorea.  )  Complimentary  to  the  late  M.  Pescatore,  whose 

Pescatorei.  )  collection  of  Orchids  at  Chateau  Celle  St. 
Cloud,  near  Paris,  was  at  one  time  the  finest  in  Europe. 

Petiolatus,  -a,  -um.     Furnished  with  petioles. 

Petola.  In  Amboyna  the  name  of  a  very  precious  silk  vest- 
ment of  many  colors,  and  applied  thence  by  the  natives 
to  Ancectochilus  Petola. 

Phajus.  Dusky  ;  applied  to  Phajus grandifolius,  in  reference 
to  the  dusky  color  of  the  inside  of  the  flowers. 

Phalaenopsis.  From  phalawa,  a  moth,  and  opsis,  resem- 
blance. 

Phceniceus,  -a,  -um.     Purple-red. 


GLOSSARY.  465 

Pliolidota.     From  pholis,  a  spot,  and  ous,  an  ear. 

Fhymatochilus,  -a,  -um.     Having  a  swelling  on  the  lip. 

Physosiphon.  From  phusa^  an  inflated  bladder,  and  siphon^ 
a  tube. 

Physurus.  Refers  to  the  peculiarly  inflated  spur  of  the 
flower. 

Picturatus,  -a,  -um.     Variegated. 

Pictus,  -a,  -um.     Painted. 

Pierardii.  In  memory  of  the  botanical  traveler,  M.  Pierard, 
who  discovered  Dendrobium  Pierardii. 

Pilcheri.  Complimentary  to  Mr.  Pilcher,  gardener  to  S. 
Rucker,  of  Wordsworth, 

Pilumna.     From  pilion,  a  cap. 

Pinelli.  In  honor  of  Mr.  Pinel,  of  Brazil,  an  introducer  of 
some  fine  Orchids. 

Planiceps.  With  flat  or  even  head  without  protuberances  ; 
applied  to  the  flower. 

Plantagineus,  -a,  -um.     Resembling  a  plantain  (Plantago). 

Planus,  -a,  -um.     Level ;  without  protuberances. 

Platyodon.     Broad-toothed. 

Pleione.    The  name  of  a  mythological  sea-nymph. 

Pleurothallis.     From  pleura,  the  side,  and  thallo,  to  bloom. 

Plicatilis,  -e.     Folded. 

Plicatus,  -a,  -um.     Folded  or  rolled  together. 

Polyanthus,  -a,  -um.     Many-flowered. 

Polybulbon.      Having  many  bulbs. 

Polychilus.     Yrvmpolus,  many,  and  cheilos,  a  lip. 

Polycycnis.     From  polus,  many,  and  kuknos,  a  swan. 

Polymorphous.  Assuming  many  different  forms  or  appear- 
ances. 

Polystachya.     From  polus,  many,  and  stachus,  a  spike. 

Ponthieva.  Dedicated  to  M.  de  Ponthieu,  a  West  Indian 
merchant. 

Poriferus,  -a,  -um.  Bearing  pores  or  having  small  punc- 
tures. 

30 


466  ORCHIDS. 

Portei.     In  honor  of  Mr.  Porte,  who  discovered  Phalcznopsis 

Portei. 

Portentosus,  -a,  -um.     Monstrous. 
Fraecox.     Early  blooming. 

Prasinatus,  -a,  -um.    Wearing  a  leek-green  garment. 
Fraemorsus,  -a,  -um.     Gnawed  or  bitten  ;  applied  to  the  ex- 
tremity of  anything  which  is  thus  ragged  or  torn-looking. 
Preestans.     Standing  in  front,  excelling. 
Preptaiithe.     Worthy  or  honorable  flower. 
Prescottia.     In   honor  of   John  Prescott,  a  botanist  of  St. 

Petersburg. 

Pretiosus,  -a,  -um.     Valuable,  excellent. 
Primulinus,  -a,  -um.     Resembling  a  primrose. 
Prismatocarpus, -a, -um.     Having   prism-shaped  seed-pods, 

or  three  flat  sides  and  three  sharp  angles. 
Proboscidius,  -a,  -um.     Having  a  snout  or  proboscis,  as  in 

Catasetum. 

Procerus,  -a,  -um.     Tall,  long. 
Proliferus,  -a,  -um.     Fruitful ;  applied  to  a  flower  from  which 

another  is  produced. 

Fromensea.     The  name  of  a  prophetess  of  Dodona. 
Pseudo.     Mock  or  imitation. 
Psyche.    The  soul ;  mythologically,  the  inamorata  of  Cupid, 

thus  anything  spirituelle. 
Pterocarpus,  -a,  -um.     Having  winged  seed. 
Pubes.     Down,  downy. 

Pubescens.     Downy,  or  with  a  tendency  to  become  so. 
Pudicus,  -a,  -um.     Modest. 
Pulchellus,  -a,  -um.     Fair,  pretty. 
Pulvinatus,  -a,  -um.     Formed  like  or  resembling  a  cushion, 

especially  through  close  contact  of  many  little  parts. 
Punctatus,  -a,  -um.     Spotted. 

Punctulatus,  -a,  -um.     Covered  with  pricks,  points,  or  dots. 
Fumilus,  -a,  -um.     Dwarf,  or  low-growing. 
Purpurascens.     Purplish. 


GLOSSARY.  467 

Purpuratus,  -a,  -urn.  Arrayed  in  purple  so  as  to  carry  a  cer- 
tain queenliness. 

Purpureus,  -a,  -um.     Red,  with  a  mixture  of  blue. 
Purus,  -a,  -um.     Spotless  ;  of  one  color. 
Pyriformis,  -e.     Pear-shaped. 

Q. 

Quadratus,  -a,  -um.     Square,  or  approaching  that  shape. 
Quadricolor.     Four-colored. 
Quadricornis,  -e.     Four-horned. 
Quindos.    A  native  name  of  Cattleya  maxima. 
Quinquecolor.     Five-colored. 

Quinquevulnerus,  -a,  -um.  Having  five  wounds,  or  blood- 
red  spots. 

R. 

Raceme.  A  form  of  inflorescence,  very  common  in  Orchids, 
in  which  the  flowers  provided  with  pedicels  are  disposed 
more  or  less  closely  along  a  usually  drooping  stalk. 

Racemosus,  -a,  -um.  Branching,  or  having  flowers  in  a  ra- 
ceme. 

Radiatus,  -a,  -um.  Arranged  in  a  star-like  manner  or  like  the 
spokes  of  a  wheel. 

Radical.  Appearing  to  rise  directly  from  the  radix  or  root, 
owing  to  the  extreme  shortness  of  the  stem. 

Raniferus,  -a,  -um.     Bearing  frogs. 

Reichenheimii.     In  memory  of  Reichenheim. 

Recurvus,  -a,  -um.    Bent  back,  recurved. 

Regnelli.  In  memory  of  M.  Regnell,  who  collected  Orchids 
in  Brazil,  and  sent  home  the  Miltonia,  so  named. 

Reinwardtii.     Commemorative  of  Dr.  Reinwardt. 

Renanthera.     From  ren,  a  kidney,  and  anthera,  an  anther. 

Restrepia.     Meaning  unknown. 

Resupinate.  Twisted  half  round,  so  that  the  bottom  is  made 
the  top. 


468  ORCHIDS. 

Reticulatus,  -a,  -urn.     Having  reticulate  lines. 

Retusus,  -a,  -um.  A  flat  surface,  rounded  at  the  end,  but  with 
a  broad  and  shallow  notch  in  the  centre. 

Revolutus,  -a,  -um.  Rolled  backwards,  applied  to  leaves, 
petals,  and  lips  of  flowers. 

Rigbyanus,  -a,  -um.  In  honor  of  Mr.  Rigby,  a  plant-grower 
at  Brompton. 

Rigidus,  -a,  -um.     Stiff,  applied  to  leaves  and  flower-stems. 

Rhizoma.  An  underground  creeping  stem,  usually  thick  and 
fleshy. 

Rhizophorus,  -a,  -um.     Bearing  or  producing  roots. 

Rodriguezia.  Complimentary  to  Emanuel  Rodriguez,  a  Span- 
ish botanist. 

Roezlii.  In  honor  of  M.  Roezl,  who  has  discovered  and  in- 
troduced many  rare  American  Orchids. 

Rogersii.     In  honor  of  Mr.  Rogers. 

Rosens,  -a,  -um.     Rosy,  delicate  pink. 

Rossii.  Commemorative  of  Mr.  John  Ross,  who  collected 
Orchids  in  Mexico. 

Rostratus,  -a,  -um.  Having  a  projection  like  the  beak  of  a 
bird. 

Roxburghii.  Complimentary  to  Dr.  William  Roxburgh,  su- 
perintendent of  the  Calcutta  Botanic  Garden,  from  1793- 
1814. 

Ruber,  rubra,  -um.     Red. 

Rubescens.     Rosy  red,  or  suffused  with  rose,  blushing. 

Rubro-oculatus,  -a,  -um.     Red-eyed. 

Rubro-purpureus,  -a,  -um.     Reddish  purple. 

Rubrovenia.     Having  red  veins. 

Ruckerii.  Complimentary  to  Sigismund  Rucker,  West  Hill, 
Wandsworth,  whose  collection  of  Orchids  was  the  finest 
in  England. 

Rufescens.     Reddish  brown. 

Rupestris,  -e.     Growing  in  rocky  places. 

Russellianus,  -a,  -um.    In  compliment  to  Lord  Russell. 

Rutidobulbon.     Having  wrinkled  bulbs. 


GLOSSARY.  469 


S. 

Saccatus,  -a,  -um.  Having  a  sack  or  pouch,  alluding  to  the 
shape  of  certain  flowers,  as  Catasetum,  Stanhopea. 

Saccolabium.     From  saccos,  a  bag,  and  labium,  a  lip. 

Saltatorius,  -a,  -um.  Dancing,  alluding  to  the  movement  of 
the  lip  of  some  Orchid  flowers. 

Sanguineus,  -a,  -um.     Blood-colored. 

Sanguinolens.     Approaching  blood-color. 

Sanguinolentus,  -a,  -um.     Having  blood-red  spots  or  veins. 

Sarcanthus.     From  sarx,  flesh,  and  anthos,  a  flower. 

Sarchochilus.     From  sarx,  flesh,  and  cheilos,  a  lip. 

Sarcodes.     Of  flesh-like  substance. 

Sarcopodium.  From  sarx,  flesh,  and  podium,  a  projecting 
portion. 

Sauroglossum.     From  sattra,  a  lizard,  and  glossa,  a  tongue. 

Secundus,  -a,  -um.     One-sided. 

Sedeniana.     Complimentary  to  Mr.  Seden. 

Selenipedium.  From  Selene,  a  name  of  Diana,  thus  Diana's 
slipper. 

Selligerus,  -a,  -um.     Saddle-shaped. 

Semi-apertus,  -a,  -um.     Half  open,  alluding  to  a  flower. 

Senilis,  -e.  Like  an  old  man,  applied  to  plants  with  white 
hairs. 

Sepals.  The  pieces  of  the  calyx  or  outer  portion  of  the 
flower  in  Orchids  petaloid  and  colored,  three  in  number, 
and  usually  quite  free  and  distinct. 

Serra.     Like  a  saw. 

Serratus,  -a,  -um.  A  flat  margin,  notched  like  a  saw,  ser- 
rate. 

Serrulatus,  -a,  -um.  Delicately  or  finely  notched,  denticu- 
late. 

Sesquipedalis,  -e.     A  foot  and  a  half  long. 

Sessilis,  -e.     Destitute  of  individual  stalk,  sessile. 


4/O  ORCHIDS. 

Setaceus,  -a,  -um.     Bristle-like  or  shaped. 

Setigerus,  -a,  -um.   Bearing  bristles,  from  seta,  a  bristle,  and 

gero,  to  bear. 

Scape.     A  leafless  flower-stem. 
Schillerianus,  -a,  -um.     Complimentary  to  the  late  consul  G. 

W.  Schiller,  of  Hamburg,  a  celebrated  Orchid  grower. 
Schlieperianus,  -a,   -um.      Complimentary  to   M.  Adolphe 

Schlieper,  of  Uderfeld,  a  zealous  cultivator  of  Orchids. 
Schlimii.     In  memory  of  Mr.  Schlim,  who  collected  Orchids 

in  Central  America  for  Mr.  Linden, 

Schomburgkia,  )  In  honor  of  Mr.  Schomburgk,  the  collector 
Schomburgkii.  J      of  many  South  American  Orchids. 
Schroder!.     Complimentary    to    J.    H.    Schroder,    Stratford 

Green,  Essex,  a  celebrated  cultivator  of  Orchids. 
Scuticaria.     From  scutica,  a  whip. 
Scutiliferus,  -a,  -um.     Shield-bearing. 
Sherattiana.     In  compliment  to  Mr.  Sherratt,  gardener  to 

the  late  Dr.  Lindley. 
Siamensis,  -e.     Native  of  Siam. 
Sieboldtii.     In  honor  of  Sieboldt,  the  Japan  traveller. 
Siuensis,  -e.     Chinese. 

Sinuatus,  -a,  -um.  >  „ 

>  Bent,  crooked. 
Sinuosus,  -a,  -um.  ) 

Skinnerii.  In  memory  of  the  late  George  Ure  Skinner,  who 
collected  and  introduced  many  valuable  Guatemalian  Or- 
chids. 

Sobralia.     In  memory  of  F.  M.  Sobral,  a  Spanish  botanist. 

Sophronitis.     From  the  Greek,  modest,  unassuming. 

Sordidus,  -a,  -um.     Dirty,  but  usually  meaning  dull-colored. 

Sphagnum.  The  moss  of  wet  meadows.  When  alive  and  wet, 
bright  green  ;  whitish  when  dry. 

Spathe.     A  large,  solitary  bract. 

Spathulatus,  -a,  -um.  Spoon-shaped,  round  at  summit  and 
narrow  at  base. 

Speciocissimus,  -a,  -um.  Eminently  handsome,  uniting  ele- 
gance of  form  and  brilliancy  of  color. 


GLOSSARY.  471 

Speciosus,  -a,  -um.     The  preceding  in  a  subordinate  degree. 

Specklinia.     In  honor  of  Rudolph  Specklin,  who  drew  the 
wood  cuts  in  Fuch's  "  Historia  Plantarum." 

Spectabilis,  -e.     Deserving  especial  notice  by  reason  of  in- 
trinsic worth. 

Sphacelatus,  -a,  -um.     Scorched  ;    some   part  looking  as  if 
withered,  as  the  pseudo-bulbs  of  Oncidium  sphacelatum. 

Spicatus,  -a,  -um.     Bearing  the  flowers  on  spikes. 

Spike.    A  form  of  inflorescence  in  which  many  flowers  with- 
out pedicels  are  closely  set  upon  a  vertical  spike. 

Spilopterus,  -a,  -um.     Having  spotted  wings. 

Spinosus,  -a,  -um.     Having  spines. 

Splendens.     Showy  and  handsome,  with  the  idea  of  shining. 

Sprucei.     In  honor  of  Mr.  Spruce. 

Squalidus,  -a,  -um.     Dirty  ;  usually  applied  to  flowers  of  dull 
color  or  repulsive  appearance. 

Squarrosus,  -a,  -um.     Covered  with  scurf. 

Stamfordianus,  -a,  -um.     Commemorative  of  Mr.  Stamford. 

Stanhopea.     In  honor  of  Philip  Henry,  Earl  Stanhope,  Pres- 
ident of  the  Medico  Botanical  Society  of  London. 

Stapeliseflorus,  -a,  -um.     Flowers  like  a  Stapelia. 

Stapelioides.     Resembling  a  Stapelia. 

Steelii.     In  honor  of  Mr.  Steel,  who  introduced  Scuticaria 
Steelii. 

Stelis.     Application  unknown. 

Stellatus,  -a,  -um.      Star-shaped,  or  giving  the  effect  of   a 
star. 

Stelznerianus,  -a,  -um.     Complimentary  to   Mr.  Stelzner,  of 
Van  Houttes'  gardens. 

Stenia.     From  stenos,  narrow. 

Stenocoryne.     From  stenos,  narrow,  and  korune,  a  horn. 

Stenophyllus,  -a,  -um.     Narrow-leaved. 
Stenorhyncus.     From  stenos,  narrow,  and  rugchos,  a  beak. 
Sternocmlus,  -a,  -um.     Narrow-lipped. 

Stouei.     Complimentary  to  Mr.  John  Stone,  gardener  to  Mr. 
J.  Day. 


472  ORCHIDS. 

Streptopetalus,  -a,  -um.     Twisted  petals. 

Striatus,  -a,  -um.     Striped. 

Suavis,  -e.     Sweet-scented  or  tasting. 

Suavissimus,  -a,  -um.    Very  fragrant. 

Subulifolia.     Having  foliage  shaped  like  an  awl ;  from  subula^ 

an  awl. 

Sulcatus,  -a,  -um.     Furrowed. 

Sulphureus,  -a,  -um.     Sulphur-colored,  light-yellow. 
Superbiens.     Becoming  grand  and  stately. 
Superbus  -a,  -um.     Excellent,  commanding. 
Sumatrana.     Native  of  Sumatra. 

Suttoni.     In  honor  of  Captain  Sutton  of  the  royal  navy. 
Sylhetense.     Native  of  Sylhet. 
Syringothyrsus,  -a,  -um.     With  trusses  of  flowers  like  a  lilac. 

T. 

Tabularis,  -e.     Having  a  flat  surface. 

Tankervilliae.     In  honor  of   Emma,  wife  of  the  Fourth  Earl 

Tankerville,  of  Chillingham  Castle,  Northumberland. 
Tattonianum.     In  honor  of  Lord  Egerton  of  Tatton. 
Taurinus,  -a,  -um.     Having  horns  like  a  bull. 
Tener.  -era,  -erum.     Delicate. 
Tenuifolius,  -a,  -um.     Slender-leaved. 
Tenuis,  -e.     Slender  ;  delicate. 
Teres.     Long  and  cylindrical ;  terete. 
Teretifolius,  -a,  -um.     Having  terete  leaves. 
Tetragonus,  -a,  -um.     Having  four  angles. 
Tesselatus,  -a,  -um.     Tesselate,  checkered. 
Testaceus,  -a,  -um.     Covered  with  spots  the  color  of  tiles. 
Thibaultianus,  -a,  -um.     Complimentary  to  Thibault  de  Ber- 

neaud,  a  French  horticulturist,  and  secretary  of  the  Lin- 

naean  Society  of  Paris. 

Thouarsii.     In  memory  of  the  botanist  Du  Petit  Thouars. 
Thunia.     Complimentary  to  Von  Thun. 
Thyrse.     A  kind  of  panicle,  broadest  in  the  middle. 


GLOSSARY.  473 

Thyrsiflorus,   -a,   -urn.      Having    flowers    in    a    thyrse    or 

branched  raceme. 
Tibicinis,  -e.     Resembling  a  trumpet  ;  the  old  pseudo-bulbs 

of  Schomburgkia  are  used  as  horns. 
Tigrinus,  -a,  -um.     Tiger  or  panther-spotted. 
Tortilis,  -e.     Twisted. 

Tovariensis.     Native  of  Tovar,  in  Colombia. 
Transparens.     What  can  can  be    seen   through ;    but   used 

often  in  the  sense  of  translucent,  allowing  the  passage  of 

light. 
Triadenium.      Having  three   glands  or   three  knobs   on  the 

lip,  as  in  Dendrobium  triadenium. 
Trianae.     Complimentary  to  the  botanist  Signer  Triana,  who 

collected  plants  in  New  Granada. 
Trichocentrum.     From   thrix,   a  hair,  and  kentron,  a  spur, 

from  the  long  narrow  spur  of  the  labellum. 
Trichopilia.     From  thrix,  a  hair,  and  pilion,  a  little  hat. 
Tricolor.     Three-colored. 
Tridentatus,  -a,  -um.     Three-toothed. 
Trifidus,  -a,  -um.     Three-cleft. 

Trigonidium.     From  trigona,  a  triangle,  and  eidos,   resem- 
blance. 

Trilinguis,  -e.     Three-tongued. 

Trimerochilum.     Having  the  lip  cleft  into  three  parts. 
Triumphans.     Conquering,  excelling  all  others. 
Tripudians.     Dancing. 
Tripunctatus,  -a,  -um.     Three-spotted. 
Triquetrus,  -a,  -um.     Three-cornered. 
Tristis,  -e.     Dull-colored. 
Trochilus.     Resembling  a  humming  bird. 
Trulla.     Trowel-shaped. 
Trulliferus,  -a,  -um.     Trowel-bearing. 
Truncatus,  -a,  -um.     Terminating  abruptly,  as  if  shortened 

by  removal  of  the  extremity. 
Tuberculatus,  -a,  -um.     Bearing  tubercles  ;  applied  to  plants 

with  little  protuberances  on  some  portion  of  the  flowers. 


474  ORCHIDS. 

Turner!.     In  honor  of  James  A.  Turner,  of  Pendlebury,  Man- 
chester, a  zealous  amateur  in  Orchids. 
Turialvee.     Native  of  the  mountain  of  Turialva. 
Tyrianthina.     Bright  violet  color. 

U. 
Undulatus,  -a  -um.     Wavy  ;    applied   to   crimped  petals   of 

flowers. 

Unguiculatus,  -a,  -um.     Having  claws. 
Unicornis,  -e.     One-horned. 
Uniflorus,  -a,  -um.     One-flowered,  or  having  single-flowered 

peduncles. 

Umbellatus,  -a,  -um.     Having  flowers  in  an  umbel. 
Umbonate.     More  or  less  flattened  and  with  a  base  in  the 

centre,  like  a  shield. 

Uropedium.     From  uron,  a  tail,  and  pedion,  a  lip. 
Uro-Skinnerii.    In  memory  of  George  U.  Skinner.    See  Skin- 

nerii. 

V. 
Vanda  is  in  Sanskrit  the  sacred  mistletoe  of  the  oak,  the  oak 

being  Vandaca.   Thus  the  name  was  extended  to  parasites 

and  epiphytes  in  general,  but  always  with  an  addition,  as 

Amaravanda,  a  tree  Orchid. 
Vaginatus,  a,  -um.     Having  sheaths. 

Vanilla.    Altered  from  the  Spanish  Vaynilla,  which  is  a  dimin- 
utive of  vaina,  a  sheath,  alluding  to  the  seed-pod. 
Variegatus,  -a,  um.     Variegated. 

Veitchianus,  -a,  -um. )  In  honor  of  the  distinguished  horti- 
Veitchii.  )      culturists  of  Exeter  and  Chelsea, 

the  late   Messrs.  James  and  John   G.  Veitch,  and  Mr. 

Harry  Veitch. 
Velatus,  -a,  -um.     Veiled. 
Velutinus,  -a,  -um.     Velvety  ;  soft. 
Venosus,  -a,  -um.     Veined. 
Ventricosus,  -a,  -um.     Distended  ;   swelling  in  the   middle. 

Applied  to  the  pouches  of  plants. 


GLOSSARY.  475 

Venus tus,  -a,  -um.     Comely,  graceful,  ladylike. 

Veratrifolius,  -a,  -urn.    Having  leaves  like  Veratrum  nigrum. 

Verecundus,  -a,  -um.     Modest. 

Verrucosus,  -a,  -um.     Warted. 

Vestitus,  -a,  -um.     Clothed,  i.  e.,  with  soft  hairs. 

Vexillarius,  -a,  -um.     Bannered  or  showy,  like  a  banner. 

Villosus,  -a,  -um.     Shaggy  ;  clothed  with  long,  soft  hairs. 

Violaceus,  -a,  -um.     Violet-colored. 

Virens.     Fresh-looking,  lively  green. 

Virescens.     Greenest ;  having  a  tendency  to  grow  green. 

Virgatus,  -a,  -um.     Twiggy. 

Virgiiialis,  -e.     Maidenly  ;  pure  white. 

Viridipurpureus,  -a,  -um.     Greenish  purple. 

Vitellinus,  -a,  -um.     Yolk  of  egg  color. 

Vittatus,  -a,  -um.     Banded  ;  marked  with  bands. 

Viviparus,  -a,  -um.     Multiplying  easily. 

Vulcanicum.     Growing  on  the  sides  of  a  volcano. 

W. 

Wagneriana,  •>  In  honor  of  M.  Wagner,  a  German  collector 

Wagneri.         >      in  La  Guayra. 

Wailesii.     In  honor  of  G.  Wailes,  of  Newcastle,  an  amateur 

in  Orchids. 

Walkeri.  ")  Complimentary  to  Mr.  Edward  Walk- 

Walkerianus,  -a,  -um.  >      er,  who   first  discovered  Cattleya 

Walkeri  in  Brazil. 

Wallichii.  >  In  honor  of  Dr.  N.  Wallich,  the  dis- 

Wallichianus,  -a,  -um.  >      tinguished  East  Indian  botanist. 
Wallisii.     In  honor  of  Mr.  Wallis,  of  Rio  Alvato,  New  Gra- 
nada, the  introducer  of  many  fine  South  American  Or- 
chids. 

Wardii.  >  In  honor  of  several  of  the  name  of  Ward.   Den- 

Wardiarmm.  >      drobium  Wardianum  was  named  for  Thomas 

Ward,  of  Southampton,  who  first  flowered  it. 
Warneri.  }  Complimentary  to  Mr.  Robert  War- 

Warnerianus.  -a,  -um.  )       ner,  whose  collection  of  Orchids  at 


4/6  ORCHIDS. 


Chelmsford  is  one  of  the  finest  in  existence.     Also,  as  to 

Odontoglossum   Warneri,  in  honor  of  his  brother,   Mr. 

C.  B.  Warner. 

Warrea,  )  In  honor  of  Mr.  Fred  Warre,  an  ama- 

Warreanus,  -a,  -um.  )      teur  collector  in  Brazil. 
Warsoewiczella.  )  Complimentary   to    M.  Von  Warscewicz, 
Warscewiczii.      )      well  known   as   a   collector  in  Central 

America. 
Weltoni.     Commemorates  the  discoveries  of  Mr.  Welton,  a 

collector  of  Orchids  in  South  America. 

Wightianum,  1  In   compliment  to    Robert  Wight,   the    East 
Wightii.  )       Indian  botanist  and  author. 

Williamsii.     In  compliment  to  B.  S.  Williams,  author  of  the 

"  Orchid-growers'  Manual." 

Willmorei,       )  Complimentary  to  John  Willmore,  of  Oldford, 
Willmoreana.  )      near  Birmingham. 
Wolstenholmae.     Complimentary  to  Mrs.  Wolstenholm,  sis- 

ter of  John  Day,  of  Tottenham,  an  amateur  in  Orchids. 
Woodfordii.  In  memory  of  E.  A.  J.  Woodford,  of  Brazil. 
Wrayae.  Complimentary  to  Mrs.  Wray,  of  Oakfield,  Chel- 

tenham, an  amateur  in  Orchids. 

X. 

Xanthinus,  -a,  -um.     Yellowish,  amber. 
Xanthodon.     Yellow-toothed. 
Xanthophebius,  -a,  -urn.     Yellow-veined. 
Xanthophyllus,  -a,  -um.     Yellow-leaved. 
Xiphifolius,  -a,  um.     Iris-leaved. 

Y. 
Ybaguensis,  -e.     Native  of  Ybagua  or  Ibagua. 

Z. 

Zebrinus,  -a,  -um.     Striped. 

Zygopetalum.     From  zugos,  a  yoke,  and  petalon^  a  petal. 


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